Abstract
Bark beetles and pinhole borers of Georgia and Kyrgyzstan were surveyed between 2003 to 2025. Specimens were collected using pheromone traps baited with Acuwit, IAC Ecolure, Sexowit, Tomowit, and ethanol; 0.5-m-long logs exposed for bark beetle colonisation; direct hand collecting in the field; searches for potential feeding substrates; and rearing from infested host material. We present 51 faunistic records of bark beetles and pinhole borers, comprising 44 species from Georgia and seven from Kyrgyzstan. One taxon is newly recorded from Georgia: Pityophthorus pityographus cribratus. Finally, we provide complete checklists of bark beetles and pinhole borers recorded from Georgia (98 species) and Kyrgyzstan (34 species).
References
- Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Barrios, H., Borovec, R., Bouchard, P., Caldara, R., Colonnelli, E., Gültekin, L., Hlaváč, P., Korotyaev, B., Lyal, C.H.C., Machado, A., Meregalli, M., Pierotti, H., Ren, L., Sánchez-Ruiz, M., Sforzi, A., Silfverberg, H., Skuhrovec, J., Velázquez de Castro, A.J. & Yunakov, N.N. (2025) Cooperative catalogue of palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea, work. Version 3.4. Available from: http://weevil.info/content/palaearctic-catalogue (accessed 10 October 2025)
- Arnoldi, L.V., Medvedev, S.I., Plavilstshikov, N.N., Stark, V.N. & Ter-Minasian, M.E. (1955) Order Coleoptera: Beetles. In: Pavlovsky, E.N. & Stackelberg, A.A. (Eds.), Vrediteli lesa. Spravochnik. Vol. 2. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, pp. 395–700.
- Arzanov, Y. G., Martynov, V. V. & Nikulina, T. V. (2021) A contribution to the fauna of weevil beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) of the Central Donbass. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin, 17, 5–44. https://doi.org/10.23885/181433262021171-544
- Beaver, R.A., Ghahari, H. & Sanguansub, S. (2016) An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 4098 (3), 401–441. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1
- Bright, D.E. (2021) A catalog of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), Supplement 4 (2011-2019) with an annotated checklist of the world fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Scolytidae). Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 655 pp.
- Cresta, E., Di Sora, N., Masturzi, R., Rossini, L., Maspero, M., Kodua, M., De Gregorio, T., Petrović, M., Speranza, S. & Contarini, M. (2025) Bark and ambrosia beetle communities in hazelnut orchards of Italy and Georgia. Insects, 16, 1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16111148
- Fiala, T. & Holuša, J. (2019) Occurrence of the invasive bark beetle Phloeosinus aubei on common juniper trees in the Czech Republic. Forests, 10, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010012
- Fiala, T. & Holuša, J. (2025) First records and precise documentation of five bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Albania and Montenegro. Zootaxa, 5621 (3), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.3.7
- Galko, J., Dzurenko, M., Ranger, C.M., Kulfan, J., Kula, E., Nikolov, C., Zúbrik, M. & Zach, P. (2019) Distribution, habitat preference, and management of the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in european forests with an emphasis on the West Carpathians. Forests, 10, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010010
- Gokturk, T. & Aksu, Y. (2011) Use of pheromone traps against Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor in the Kazbegi National Park, Georgian Republic. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 2430–2435. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.438
- Gretschkin, V.P. (2021) Forest pathology characteristics of forest in the USSR by specific natural-geographical zones in 3 volumes. Part 1. The mountains of the Caucasus, Crimea, Central Asia, and Southern Siberia. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization, Pushkino, 232 pp.
- Japoshvili, G., Gordiashvili, N., Injia, S., Tsiklauri, K. & Sulamanidze, G. (2022a) Updated annotated checklist of insects from Lagodekhi Protected Areas, Sakartvelo (Georgia). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 17, 793–841.
- Japoshvili, G., Hilszczański, J., Byk, A., Jaworski, T., Łoś, K., Borowski, J., Tarwacki, G., Piętka, J. & Plewa, R. (2022b) New records of Coleoptera from Lagodekhi Protected Areas, with new records for Georgia (Sakartvelo). Caucasiana, 1, 29–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.1.e85239
- Johnson, A.J., Atkinson, T.H., Beaver, R.A., Cognato, A.I., Jordal, B.H., Knížek, M., Mandelshtam, M.Y., Rabaglia, R.J., Smith, S.M. & Hulcr, J. (2026) A comprehensive taxonomic checklist of bark and ambrosia beetle species (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys, 1271, 1–285. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1271.168928
- Jordal, B.H. (2025) Taxonomic revision of the rare Afrotropical genus Chortastus Schaufuss (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 5647 (1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.1.5
- Kadyrov, A.K. (1988) On the fauna of scolytids (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of trees in south-western Tajikistan. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 67, 42–47.
- Kambestad, M., Kirkendall, L.R., Knutsen, I.L. & Jordal, B.H. (2017) Cryptic and pseudo-cryptic diversity in the world´s most common bark beetle – Hypothenemus eruditus. Organism Diversity & Evolution, 17, 633–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0334-6
- Karagyan, G., Kalashian, M., Ghrejyan, T., Mazmanyan, M. & Petrov, A. (2024) Annotated checklist of Armenian Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa, 5514 (1), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5514.1.3
- Kleine, R. (1913) Die geograpische Verbreitung der Ipiden. Entomologische Blätter, 9, 306–316.
- Knížek, M. (2011) Subfamily Scolytinae Latreille, 1804. In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Curculionoidea I. Vol 7. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 204–251.
- Knížek, M. & Tshering, K. (2024) A new species of Phloeosinus from Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Phloeosinini). Zootaxa, 5424 (5), 589–594. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5424.5.7
- Kobakhidze, D. (1956) The materials to study entomofauna of Lagodekhi National Reserve. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology, 14, 189–215.
- Lantschner, M.V., Corley, J.C. & Liebhold, A.M. (2020) Drivers of global Scolytinae invasion patterns. Ecological Applications, 30, e02103. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2103
- Lozovoy, D.I. (1969) Pest insects of park and forest-park plantations of Georgia. Akademija Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR, Tbilisi, 271 pp.
- Mandelshtam, M.Y., Nikitsky, N.B., & Bibin, A.R. (2005) The bark beetles from the tribus Xyleborini, Cryphalini and Corthylini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Scolytinae) of Western Caucasus (with notes on some species from other tribus ot the family). Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series, 110, 21–28.
- Manvelidze, N., Burjanadze, M. & Jgenti, L. (2025) Entomofauna associated with Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.) in the around subalpine forests of Goderdzi Pass. Georgian Scientists, 7, 119–128. https://doi.org/10.52340/gs.2025.07.01.11
- Mazur, A. & Witkowski, R. (2025) Notes on distribution and ecology of Phloeotribus caucasicus Reitter, 1891 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Europe. Sylwan, 169, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.26202/sylwan.2024072
- Mazur, A., Witkowski, R. & Lomidze, N. (2020) Notes on distribution of Pityogenes calcaratus Eichhoff, 1878) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Georgia. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria, 19, 183–185. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.AFW.2020.4.19
- Mifsud, D. & Knížek, M. (2009) The bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Malta, 2, 25–52.
- Mukhamadiyev, N., Bolat, J., Koigeldina, A. & Mengdibayeva, G. (2020) The population of bark beetles (Scolytinae) and their entomophages on endemic spruce in the Zaili Alatau. Ecology, Environment and Conservation Paper, 26, 1189–1192.
- Murzakulov, S.S., Absatarov, R.R. & Mamasadyk, A. (2023) Information about some pests of juniper forests on the territory of the Kyrgyz-Ata National Natural Park. Vestnik Oshskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta imeni A. Myrsabekova, 21, 47–50. https://doi.org/10.56122/..v1i1.58
- Nurmanbaev, M.J. (2008) Bioecological features of Scolytidae of the walnut fruit forests of Western Tyan-Shan. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, 26 pp.
- Nurmanbaev, M.J. & Petrov, A.V. (2004) Bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of south Kyrgyzstan. Isledovanije živoj prirody Kyrghyzstana, 197–202.
- Ovtchinnikov, S.V. (1996) Scolytidae – bark beetles. In: Shukurov, E.D., Vorobiev, G.G., Matyashov, V.D., Sultanova, B.A. & Tarbinsky, Y.S. (Eds.), Genetical Fund Cadastre of Kyrghyzstan. Volume III. Superclassis Hexapoda (Entognatha and Insecta). Institut for Biology and Pedology National Academy of Sciences Kyrghyz Republic, Bishkek, pp. 189–190.
- Petrov, A.V. (2011) New data on the ash beetle (Hylesinus Fabricius, 1801) in Russia and neighboring countries (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Lesnoj Vestnik, 4, 21–24.
- Petrov, A.V. (2013) New data on the synonymy and fauna of the bark-beetle genus Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the territory of Russia and adjacent countries. Lesnoi Vestnik, 6 (98), 39–47.
- Petrov, A.V. (2021) A key to and annotated list of the species of the bark-beetle genus Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from European Russia. Entomological Review, 101 (9), 1400–1415 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873821090189
- Petrov, A.V. & Mandelshtam, M.Y. (2023) Description of a new species of the bark beetle genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff, 1864 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Peru. Entomological Review, 103, 332–337. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873823030107
- Petrov, A.V., Mandelshtam, M.Y., Li, Y., Potanina, S.O. & Smith, S.M. (2024) Nomenclature changes in Palaearctic Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 33, 463–465. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.33.4.07
- Plewa, R. & Reike, H.-P. (2024) Drei neue Arten und Nachweise von Latridiidae aus Kirgisistan (Coleoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 134, 135–144.
- Pfeffer, A. (1940) Notulae ipidologicae II. Symbolae ad cognitionem generis Pityophthorus Eichh. Sborník entomologického oddělení Národního Musea v Praze, 18, 107–127.
- Pfeffer, A. (1995) Zentral- und Westpaläarktische Borken- und Kernkäfer (Coleoptera, Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, 310 pp.
- Reitter, E. (1913) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Borkenkäfer (Scolytidae) aus Europa und der angrenzenden Ländern. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 32, 1–116.
- Romanenko, K.E. (1981) Pests of protective forestry plantations of Kyrgyzstan. Ilim, Frunze, 225 pp.
- Six, D.L., de Beer, Z.W., Beaver, R.A., Visser, L. & Wingfield, M.J. (2005) Exotic invasive elm bark beetle, Scolytus kirschii, detected in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 101, 229–232.
- Smith, S.M., Beaver, R.A., Pham, T.H. & Cognato, A.I. (2022) New species and new records of Xyleborini from the Oriental region, Japan and Papua New Guinea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 5209 (1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.1
- Smith, S.M., Cognato, A.I. (2014) A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys, 450, 1–182. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452
- Stark, V.N. (1952) Fauna SSSR. Zhestkokrylye. Tom 31. Koroedy. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 461 pp.
- Supatašvili, A., Tavadze, B., Goginašvili, N., Urušadze, T. & Kizikelašvili, O. (2013) Tusetis daculi teritoriebis fiwvnarebis satyeo-patologiuri mdgomareobis seswavlisa da mati gamajansarebeli ronisziebebis semusavebis sesaxeb. V. Gulisashvili institut, Tbilisi, 32 pp.
- Temirbaevna, M.R. (2006) Bioecological features of Ipidae of the coniferous forests of the south of Kyrgyzstan. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, 20 pp.
- Teshebaeva, Z., Aitieva, T., Zhumakeeva, A., Toktoraliev, B. & Sydykbaeva, K. (2024) Dominant insect pests of green plantations of Osh city and its countryside and biological justification of protection measures. Bulletin of Science and Practice, 10, 114–126. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/109/15
- Tleppaeva, A.M., Kadyrbekov, R.C., Zlatanov, B.V. & Kolov, S.V. (2017) Features of the fauna and ecology of xylophagous insects (Insecta: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera) in the mountain system of Zhetisu Alatau (Kazakhstan). News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Biological and Medical, 3, 106–112.
- Toktoraliev, B.A. (1993) Xylophagous insects of forests of Kyrgyzstan. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow State University of Forestry, Moscow, 44 pp.
- Toktoraliev, B.A. & Baiseiitova, A.N. (2022) Xylophages of coniferous trees growing on the territory of Bishkek and suburban areas. Nauka, novyye tekhnologii i innovatsii Kyrgyzstana, 4, 107–110. https://doi.org/10.26104/NNTIK.2022.87.89.023
- Toktoraliev, B.A. & Tynarbek, K. (2022) Xylophages of coniferous trees growing on the territory of Bishkek and suburban areas. Nauka, novyye tekhnologii i innovatsii Kyrgyzstana, 6, 76–79. https://doi.org/10.26104/NNTIK.2022.1.6.015
- Toktoraliev, B.A., Attokurov, A.T., Teshebaeva, Z.A., Sheng, D.J., Heng, Z. & Zhao, Z.L. (2018) Bioecological features of dominant species of insects-ksilfages (sic) of forest of Kyrgyzstan. Izvestija OshTU, 2, 135–144.
- Tomiczek, C. (2013) Untersuchung des Schädlingsbefalls von Kiefernbeständen sowie von Schäden in natürlichen Buchsbaumbeständen in Georgien. Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für Wald, naturgefahren und Landschaft, Wien, 21 pp.
- Trédl, R. (1907) Nahrungspflanzen und Verbreitungsgebiete der Borkenkäfer Europas. Entomologische Blätter, 3, 18–22 + 37–42 + 53–56 + 69–72.
- Vinogradov-Nikitin, P. & Zaitzev, P. (1926) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Borkenkäfer von den Kaukasländen. Izvestia Tiflisskjgo Gosudarstvennogo Politekhnitcheskogo Instituta, 2, 257–292.
- Winkler, A. (1932) Catalogus Coleopterum regionis palaearcticae. Pars 13. Albert Winkler, Wien, 1698 pp.
- Witkowski, R. & Mazur, A. (2019) First record of fig bark beetle Hypoborus ficus Erichson (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Poland. Zootaxa, 4571 (1), 143–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.11
- Zafar, N., Nodirjon, A. & Mansur, M. (2025) Study of the phytosanitary state of landscape and forest trees in Zomin and Bakhmal forest facilities. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 3, 50–57.
- Zaitzev, P.A. (1950) Review of the fauna of bark beetles of Georgia. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology, 9, 81–101.
