Abstract
This study formally describes a new species of Homidia Börner from Yunnan, China. Homidia quadripora sp. nov. is distinctly characterized by its purple body pigmentation, a V-shaped unpigmented area on the head, a lighter purple patch in the middle on the posterior half of the forth abdominal segment, four M-series mac-chaetae on the head, four pseudopores on the coxae of the mid leg, and a mac-chaeta m5 on the first abdominal segment. Comparative morphological and molecular analyses (using COI sequences) with phenotypically similar Homidia species corroborate its distinctiveness and support its designation as a new species. Furthermore, this research offers a crucial description of its first instar characteristics, comparing them with adult features and early stages of other Homidia species to illustrate developmental changes and differences.
References
- Bellinger, P.F., Christiansen, K.A. & Janssens, F. (1996–2024) Checklist of the Collembola of the world. Available from: http://www.collembola.org (accessed 31 October 2024)
- Börner, C. (1906) Das system der Collembolen nebst Beschreibung neuer Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 23, 147–188.
- Börner, C. (1913) Die Familien der Collembolen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 41, 315–322.
- Cipola, N.G., Katz, A.D., Bu, Y. & Godeiro, N.N. (2025) Systematics of Willowsia jacobsoni (Börner, 1913) (Collembola, Entomobryidae): morphology, postembryonic development, distribution, mitogenome and phylogeny. Zootaxa, 5604 (3), 201–233. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.1
- Fjellberg, A. (1999) The labial palp in Collembola. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 309–330.
- Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marin e Biology and Biotechnology, 3 (5), 294–299.
- Gisin, H. (1967) Espèses nouvelles et lignées évolutives de Pseusosinella endogés. Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, 301, 5–25.
- Jing, M.-D. & Ma, Y.-T. (2022) Two new species and two new records of Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from China. ZooKeys, 1135, 181–212. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1135.89373
- Jing, M.-D. & Ma, Y.-T. (2023) Three new species of Entomobryidae (Collembola, Entomobryoidea) from China. ZooKeys, 1167, 293–315. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1167.104090
- Jordana, R. (2012) Synopses of Palaearctic Collembola: Capbryinae & Entomobryini. Soil Organisms, 84 (1), 1–390.
- Jordana, R. & Baquero, E. (2005) A proposal of characters for taxonomic identification of Entomobrya species (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha), with description of a new species. Abhan dlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz, 76, 117–134.
- Kang, S. & Park, K. (2012) Description of a new Homidia species (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Korea. Entomological Research, 42 (2), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2011.00442.x
- Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (4), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
- Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16 (2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
- Kim, J.T. & Lee, B.H. (1995) Collebola (Insecta) from Is. Chin-do, Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity, 11 (4), 447–453.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Suleski, M., Sanderford, M., Sharma, S. & Tamura, K. (2024) MEGA12: Molecular evolutionary genetic analysis version 12 for adaptive and green computing. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 41 (12), 263. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae263
- Ma, Y.-T. & Pan, Z.-X. (2017) Two new species of Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Southwestern China. Zootaxa, 4290 (3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.3.6
- Nayrolles, P. (1988) Chétotaxie tibiotarsale des Collemboles Symphypléones. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Ecobiolologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 5, 1–19.
- Pan, Z.-X. & Ma, Y.-T. (2021) Two new species of Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Eastern China. Zootaxa, 4995 (1), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4995.1.11
- Pan, Z.-X. & Yang, W.-Q. (2019) Reports of two peculiar pigmented new species of genus Homidia (Collembola: Entomobyridae) from Southern China, with description of subadults chaetotaxy. Zootaxa, 4671 (3), 369–380.
- https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.3
- Pan, Z.-X., Shi, S.-D. & Zhang, F. (2011a) New species of Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from eastern China with description of the fIrst instar larvae. ZooKeys, 152, 21–42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.152.1455
- Pan, Z.-X., Shi, S.-D. & Zhang, F. (2011b) A new species of Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Wenzhou, with a key to the Homidia species from Zhejiang province. Entomotaxonomia, 33 (3), 161–167.
- Pan, Z.-X., Zhang, F. & Li, Y.-B. (2015) Two closely related Homidia species (Entomobryidae, Collembola) revealed by morphological and molecular evidence. Zootaxa, 3918 (2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3918.2.9
- Qian, X., Fu, Y. & Ma, Y. (2025) A review of the genus Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) in China informed by COI DNA barcoding, with the description of three new species. Insects, 16 (9), 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16090974
- Schäffer, C. (1896) Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 149–216.
- Soto-Adames, F.N. (2008) Postembryonic development of the dorsal chaetotaxy in Seira dowlingi (Collembola, Entomobryidae); with an analysis of the diagnostic and phylogenetic significance of primary chaetotaxy in Seira. Zootaxa, 1683 (1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1683.1.1
- Soto-Adames, F.N., Barra, J.A., Christiansen, K. & Jordana, R. (2008) Suprageneric classification of collembola Entomobryomorpha. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 101 (3), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[501:SCOCE]2.0.CO;2
- Szeptycki, A. (1972) “Morpho-Systematic Studies on Collembola. III. Body Chaetotaxy in the First Instars of Several Genera of the Entomobryomorpha.” Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 17, 341–372.
- Szeptycki, A. (1973) North Korean Collembola. I. The genus Homidia Börner, 1906 (Entomobryidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 31, 23–39.
- Szeptycki, A. (1979) Morpho-systematic studies on Collembola. IV. Chaetotaxy of the Entomobryidae and its Phylogenetical Significance. Polska Akademia Nauk, Zakład Zoologii Systematycznej i Doświadczalnej, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, Kraków, 219 pp.
- Tömösvary, O. (1882) Adatok hazank Thysanura-Faunajahoz. Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Matematikai es Termeszettudomanyi Kozlemenyek, 18, 119–131.
- Viana, S.D.S., Morais, J.W.D. & Cipola, N.G. (2024) Taxonomic revision of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861 (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Entomobryinae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa, 5452 (1), 1–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5452.1.1
- Xiang, L.-B., Zhang, S.-S., Liu, L.-L. & Pan, Z.-X. (2022) First and second instar larvae and adults of a new Homidia species (Collembola, Entomobryidae) recorded from Xizang Autonomous Region with three new records. ZooKeys, 1089, 93–108. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1089.73418
- Yuan, X.-Q. & Pan, Z.-X. (2013) Two new species of Entomobryidae (Collembola) of Taibai Mountain from China. ZooKeys, 338, 67–81. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.338.5723
- Zhang, F. & Pan, Z.-X. (2020) Homology of labial chaetae in Entomobryoidea (Collembola). Zootaxa, 4766 (3), 498–500. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4766.3.8
- Zhang, F., Bellini, B.C. & Soto-Adames, F.N. (2019) New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification. Zoological Systematics, 44 (4), 249–278. https://doi.org/10.11865/zs.201926
- Zhang, F., Yu, D.Y. & Xu, G.L. (2011) Transformational homology of the tergal setae during postembryonic development in the Sinella-Coecobrya group (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Contributions to Zoology, 80 (4), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08004001
- Zhang, F., Yu, D.Y., Luo, Y.Z., Ho, S.Y.W., Wang, B.X. & Zhu, C.D. (2014) Cryptic diversity, diversification and vicariance in two species complexes of Tomocerus (Collembola, Tomoceridae) from China. Zoologica Scripta, 43 (4), 393–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12056
- Zhang, F., Yu, D.Y., Stevens, M.I. & Ding, Y.H. (2018) Colouration, chaetotaxy and molecular data provide species-level resolution in a species complex of Dicranocentrus (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 32 (6), 1298–1315. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS18019
- Zhang, G.Q., Zhao, Y.X. & Zhang, F. (2023) Revisiting the type species of the genus Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae). ZooKeys, 1176, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1176.109104
- Zhou, P., Si, C., Shi, S. & Pan, Z. (2018) Description of a new species and the first instar larvae of Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Taizhou, Zhejiang Province. Entomotaxonomia, 40 (2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.11680/entomotax.2018017
- Zhou, R. & Ma, Y. (2022) Three new species of Entomobryinae (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Gansu, China. Zootaxa, 5155 (3), 371–392. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5155.3.4
- Zhou, R. & Ma, Y. (2023) New records and two new species of Entomobryinae (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China. Oriental Insects, 57 (3), 756–784. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2022.2123056
- Zhou, R., Huang, L. & Ma, Y.-T. (2024) Smooth post-labial chaetae in Homidia (Collembola, Entomobryidae) and the description of four new species from China with the aid of DNA barcoding. ZooKeys, 1213, 41–73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1213.123839
