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Issue: Vol. 5768 No. 2: 10 Mar. 2026
Type: Article
Published: 2026-03-10
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5768.2.1
Page range: 151-192
Abstract views: 63
PDF downloaded: 3

True elves: a review of the members of the Merodon constans group (Diptera: Syrphidae) breeding in snowdrops and snowflakes (Galantheae), with description of two new Caucasian species

I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology; NAS of Ukraine; Department of Entomology and Collection Management; B. Khmelnytsky str. 15; 01030 Kyiv; Ukraine.; University of Alicante; Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources; Faculty of Sciences III; Campus of San Vicente; P.O. box 99; 03080 Alicante; Spain.
Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania Nova” of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine; 03143 Kyiv; Ukraine.
University of Novi Sad; Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2; 21000 Novi Sad; Serbia.
Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University; Department of Biology and Ecology; T. Shevchenko str.; 57; 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk; Ukraine.
University of Novi Sad; Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2; 21000 Novi Sad; Serbia.
University of Alicante; Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources; Faculty of Sciences III; Campus of San Vicente; P.O. box 99; 03080 Alicante; Spain.
University of Alicante; Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources; Faculty of Sciences III; Campus of San Vicente; P.O. box 99; 03080 Alicante; Spain.
I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology; NAS of Ukraine; Department of Entomology and Collection Management; B. Khmelnytsky str. 15; 01030 Kyiv; Ukraine.
University of Novi Sad; Faculty of Sciences; Department of Biology and Ecology; Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2; 21000 Novi Sad; Serbia.
Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University; Department of Biology and Ecology; T. Shevchenko str.; 57; 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk; Ukraine.
University of Alicante; Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources; Faculty of Sciences III; Campus of San Vicente; P.O. box 99; 03080 Alicante; Spain.
Diptera phytophagous hoverfly larva insect-plant relationship Galanthus Leucojum fieldwork methodology Western Palaearctic

Abstract

The results of a multi-year investigation into relationships between hoverflies (Syrphidae) of the Merodon constans species group and Galantheae host plants are summarized. The larvae of nine species of the M. constans group (within the M. albifrons evolutionary lineage), from the Black Sea and western Mediterranean regions were found to inhabit 13 species of snowdrops (Galanthus spp.) and a species of snowflake (Leucojum vernum). The relationship between Merodon analis Meigen, 1822 and Galanthus nivalis L. is confirmed. The natural-history unity of the M. constans group is confirmed by monophagy on Galantheae species. We describe and illustrate for the first time the methods used to investigate the life cycle of these elusive insects in the field. We show how phytophagous insects can be studied with minimal interference to plant populations, such as endangered snowdrop populations. We describe the distribution of all studied Merodon species and include an updated key to the species of the M. constans group. Two new species of this group, Merodon adjaricus Mishustin, Popov & Vujić, sp. nov. and Merodon resani Mishustin, Popov & Vujić, sp. nov., are described from Georgia. The insect-plant interactions, nature conservation issues and phytosanitary risks of these hoverfly species are also discussed.

 

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How to Cite

Popov, G., Mishustin, R., Vujic, A., Shparyk, V., Radenkovic, S., Perez-Banon, C., Aracil, A., Korneyev, V., Likov, L., Zamoroka, A. & Rojo, S. (2026) True elves: a review of the members of the Merodon constans group (Diptera: Syrphidae) breeding in snowdrops and snowflakes (Galantheae), with description of two new Caucasian species. Zootaxa, 5768 (2), 151–192. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5768.2.1