Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5752 No. 2: 27 Jan. 2026
Type: Article
Published: 2026-01-27
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
Page range: 211-237
Abstract views: 40
PDF downloaded: 1

Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay

Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas; Instituto Butantan; São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas; Instituto Butantan; São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas; Instituto Butantan; São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
Departamento de Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”–UNESP; Rio Claro; São Paulo; Brazil
Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas; Instituto Butantan; São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
Araneae Tarantulas Theraphosinae Taxonomy biogeography Neotropics

Abstract

The Neotropical tarantula genus Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 is reviewed. After examining type specimens and redescribing several species, H. stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and H. strabo (Simon, 1892) are considered junior synonyms of H. familiare Bertkau, 1880; henceforth, the senior synonym of the type species of the genus, and now with a known male representative. H. nigrum is considered nomem dubium. Additionally, Homoeomma hirsutum (Mello-Leitão, 1935) is considered junior synonym of H. montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923). We also describe the female of H. brasilianum (Chamberlin, 1917). Homoeomma now comprises 12 valid species distributed across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay.

 

References

  1. Ausserer, A. (1871) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 117–224.
  2. Bertani, R. & Guadanucci, J.P.L. (2013) Morphology, evolution and usage of urticating setae by tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoologia, Curitiba, 30, 403–418. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702013000400006
  3. Bertani, R. (2000) Male palpal bulbs and homologous features in Theraphosinae (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 28, 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028[0029:MPBAHF]2.0.CO;2
  4. Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu and Proshapalopus; with notes on other theraphosine genera (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 36 (3), 265–356. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176–7793.v36i3p265–356
  5. Bertani, R., Nagahama, R.H. & Fukushima, C.S. (2011) Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zootaxa, 2814 (1) 1–18. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2814.1.1
  6. Bertkau, P. (1880) Verzeichniss der von Prof. Ed. van Beneden auf seiner im Auftrage der Belgischen Regierung unternommenen wissenschaftlichen Reise nach Brasilien und La Plata i. J. 1872–73 gesammelten Arachniden. Mémoires Couronnés et Mémoires des Savants Étrangers de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 43, 1–120. https://doi.org/10.3406/marb.1880.1776
  7. Cavallo, P. & Ferretti, N.E. (2015) The first Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Argentina: description and natural history of Hapalotremus martinorum sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 49 (15–16), 873–887. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.953226
  8. Chamberlin, R.V. (1916) Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 60, 177–299, pls. 1–25.
  9. Chamberlin, R.V. (1917) New spiders of the family Aviculariidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 61, 25–75.
  10. Clerck, C. (1757) Aranei Svecici. Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne: och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 154 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119890
  11. Fabiano-da-Silva, W., Guadanucci, J.P.L. & DaSilva, M.B. (2019) Taxonomy and phylogenetics of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 17 (7), 650–668. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2019.1685021
  12. Ferretti, N. & Barneche, J. (2014) Description of two new species of Plesiopelma (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae) from Argentina. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 103 (4), 374–380. [2013] https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212013000400007
  13. Ferretti, N., Nicoletta, M. & Soresi, D.S. (2024) An integrative taxonomy approach evaluates the limits of the widespread tarantula Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) and reveals a new species from Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 308, 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.12.003
  14. Fonseca-Ferreira, R., Guadanucci, J.P.L., Yamamoto, F.U. & Brescovit, A.D. (2021) Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical spiders of the genus Idiops Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Idiopidae), with description of four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 780, 1–71. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.780.1581
  15. Fukushima, C.S., Bertani, R. & Silva Jr., P.I.da. (2005) Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zootaxa, 846 (1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.846.1.1
  16. Fukushima, C.S., Nagahama, R.H. & Bertani, R. (2008) The identity of Mygale brunnipes C.L. Koch 1842 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with a redescription of the species and the description of a new genus. Journal of Arachnology, 36, 402–410. https://doi.org/10.1636/CA07-108.1
  17. Galleti-Lima, A. & Guadanucci, J.P.L. (2018) Morphology of setae on the coxae and trochanters of theraphosine spiders (Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae). The Journal of Arachnology, 46 (2), 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-17-021.1
  18. Gerschman de Pikelin, B.S. & Schiapelli, R.D. (1958) El género Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 en la Argentina, con dos especies nuevas (Araneae Theraphosidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 20, 3–7.
  19. Gerschman de Pikelin, B.S. & Schiapelli, R.D. (1960) Un nuevo género con una nueva especie de Ischnocolinae (Araneae–Theraphosidae). Physis, Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, Series C, 21, 200–206.
  20. Gerschman de Pikelin, B.S. & Schiapelli, R.D. (1972) El género Homoeomma Ausserer 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Physis, Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, Series C, 31, 237–258.
  21. Gerschman de Pikelin, B.S. & Schiapelli, R.D. (1973) La subfamilia Ischnocolinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomología, 4, 43–77.
  22. Guadanucci, J.P.L. (2014) Theraphosidae phylogeny: Relationships of the “Ischnocolinae” genera (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Zoologica Scripta, 43, 508–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12065
  23. Kaderka, R. (2019) The genus Cyriocosmus Simon 1903 and two new species from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Revista Peruana de Biología, 26 (4), 443–460. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i4.17215
  24. Kaderka, R., Lüddecke, T., Řezáč, M., Řezáčová, V. & Hüsser, M. (2023) Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History, 57 (41–44), 1710–1824. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2265621
  25. Keyserling, E. (1891) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Brasilianische Spinnen. Dritter Band. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg, 278 pp., 10 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64832
  26. Koch, C.L. (1842) Die Arachniden. Neunter Band & Zehnter Band. C. H. Zeh’sche Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 52 pp., 18 pls. & 36 pp., 12 pls. [pp. 57–108, pls. 307–324 (f. 727–755) & pp. 1–36, pls. 325–336 (f. 756–776)]
  27. Lucas, S.M. & Indicatti, R.P. (2015) Revalidation of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão and notes on Hapalotremus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 50 (3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2015.1103553
  28. Mello-Leitão, C.F.de (1921) On the genus Grammostola, Simon. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 7 (4), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932108632524
  29. Mello-Leitão, C.F.de (1923) Theraphosideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 13, 1–438.
  30. Mello-Leitão, C.F.de (1935) Tres novas aranhas tetrapneumones nas colleccoes do Instituto Butantan. Memórias do Instituto Butantan, 9, 355–360.
  31. Mello-Leitão, C.F.de (1946) Nuevos aracnidos sudamericanos de las colecciones del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 2 (35), 1–10.
  32. Moeller, W., Galleti-Lima, A. & Guadanucci, J.P.L. (2024) New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 947, 53–87. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2611
  33. Montenegro, V.R., Aguilera, M.A. & Casanueva, M.E. (2018) First record of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 in Chile and description of two new species (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Spixiana, 41 (1), 13–25.
  34. Montenegro Vargas, R. & Aguilera, M.A. (2024) Revisión taxonómica del género Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae; Theraphosidae) en Chile, con descripción de cuatro nuevas especies. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, 44, 85–96.
  35. Nicoletta, M., Ferretti, N.E., Chaparro, J.C. & West, R.C. (2022) First record of Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) in Peru: a new species and its phylogenetic placement. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 94 (4), e20200702, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001–3765202220200702
  36. Perafán, C. & Pérez-Miles, F. (2014) Three new species of Melloleitaoina Gerschman and Schiapelli, 1960 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) from northern Argentina. ZooKeys, 404, 117–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.404.6243
  37. Perafán, C. & Valencia-Cuéllar, D. (2018) Proshapalopus marimbai, a new tarantula species (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) and first genus record from Colombia. Tropical Zoology, 31 (4), 200–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2018.1493181
  38. Perafán, C., Galvis, W., Gutiérrez, M. & Pérez-Miles, F. (2016) Kankuamo, a new theraphosid genus from Colombia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with a new type of urticating setae and divergent male genitalia. ZooKeys, 601, 89–109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.601.7704
  39. Pérez-Miles, F. & Locht, A. (2003) Revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 12, 365–375.
  40. Pérez-Miles, F. & Perafán, C. (2020) Theraphosinae. In: Pérez-Miles, F. (Ed.), New World Tarantulas: Taxonomy, Biogeography and Evolutionary Biology of Theraphosidae, 121–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48644-0_5
  41. Pérez-Miles, F., Lucas, S.M., da Silva Jr., P.I. & Bertani, R. (1996) Systematic revision and cladistic analysis of Theraphosinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Mygalomorph, 1, 33–68.
  42. Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1881) On a new spider of the family of Theraphosidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 49 (3), 682–685, pl. 60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096–3642.1881.tb01325.x
  43. Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1881) On a new spider of the family of Theraphosidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 49 (3), 682–685, pl. 60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1881.tb01325.x
  44. Pocock, R.I. (1903) On some genera and species of South-American Aviculariidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 11 (61), 81–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930308678729
  45. Raven, R.J. (1985) The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182, 1–180.
  46. Schmidt, G. (2003) Die Vogelspinnen: Eine weltweite Übersicht. Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Hohenwarsleben, 383 pp.
  47. Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. (2022) A new species and two new genera of theraphosine from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology, 19 (Special Issue), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2022.19.sp1.247
  48. Sherwood, D., Gabriel, R. & Longhorn, S.J. (2018) A new species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 from Chile (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society, 33 (3), 19–33.
  49. Schiapelli, R.D. & Gerschman de Pikelin, B.S. (1961) Las especies del género Grammostola Simon 1892, en la República Argentina (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Actas y Trabajos del Congreso Sudamericano de Zoología (La Plata, 1959), 3, 199–208.
  50. Shorthouse, D. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: https://www.simplemappr.net/ (accessed 06 October 2024)
  51. Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Tome Premier. Deuxième Édition. Roret, Paris, 256 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973
  52. Simon, E. (1903) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Tome Second. Deuxième Édition. Roret, Paris, 412 pp. [pp. 669–1080] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973
  53. Smith, A.M. (1986) The tarantula: classification and identification guide. Fitzgerald Publishing, London, 179 pp.
  54. Soares, B.A.M. & Camargo, H.F.de A. (1948) Aranhas coligidas pela Fundação Brasil-Central (Arachnida–Araneae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 10, 355–409.
  55. Strand, E. (1929) Zoological and palaeontological nomenclatorical notes. Acta Universitatis Latviensis, 20, 1–29.
  56. Thorell, T. (1869) On European spiders. Review of the European genera of spiders, preceded by some observations on zoological nomenclature. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Series 3, 7 (I, 5), 1–108.
  57. Walckenaer, C.A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 682 pp., 15 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47512
  58. Walckenaer, C.A. (1841) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Aptères. Tome II. Roret, Paris, 549 pp., pls. 16–22.
  59. World Spider Catalog (2025) World Spider Catalog. Version 26. Natural History Museum of Bern, Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 17 November 2025) https://doi.org/10.24436/2
  60. Yamamoto, F.U., Lucas, S.M., Guadanucci, J.P.L. & Indicatti, R.P. (2007) Revision of the genus Tmesiphantes Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24, 971–980. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752007000400013
  61. Yamamoto, F.U., Lucas, S.M. & Brescovit, A.D. (2012) Catanduba, a new Theraphosinae spider genus from central Brazil (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Zootaxa, 3172 (1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3172.1.1

How to Cite

Galleti-Lima, A., Yamamoto, F.U., Lucas, S.M., Guadanucci, J.P.L. & Brescovit, A.D. (2026) Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa, 5752 (2), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3