Abstract
New green lacewing species Plesiochrysa bonbona sp. nov., Suarius fangwengi sp. nov., new Chinese record of Chrysopa viridana Schneider, 1845 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from the Tuha Basin, Xinjiang, northwest China, are described based on the morphological characters of adults. In addition, three further green lacewing species (Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael, 1841, Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto, 1914) and Suarius trilineatus Yang, 1991) are newly recorded from the Tuha Basin, increasing its known fauna from one to seven species across four genera. Keys to the Plesiochrysa and Suarius species in China and records of green lacewing species in the Tuha Basin are also provided. The standard DNA barcoding region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of these species was sequenced for the verification of the new species.
References
- Adams, P.A. (1982) Plesiochrysa, a new subgenus of Chrysopa (Neuroptera) (Studies in New World Chrysopidae, Part I). Neuroptera International, 2, 27–32.
- Banks, N. (1915) New neuropteroid insects. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 66, 619–632.
- Brauer, F. (1851) Beschreibung und beobachtung der österreichischen Arten der Gattung Chrysopa. Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, gesammelt und durch subscription herausgegeben von Wilhelm Haidinger, 4, 1–12.
- Breitkreuz, L.C.V. (2018) Systematics and evolution of the family Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with an emphasis on their morphology. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, xxix + 661 pp.
- Brooks, S.J. & Barnard, P.C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117–286.
- Bozdoðan, H. (2020) Species richness and composition of Neuroptera in the forests fregments of the Taurus Mountains Range, Turkey. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27, 1201–1207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.02.018
- Canard, M., Thierry, D., Whittington, A.E. & Bozsik, A. (2010) The actual annual occurrence of the green lacewings of northwestern Europe (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Tenth International Symposium on Neuropterology, 127–134.
- Costa, A. (1855) Ricerche entomologiche sopra i monti Partenii. Stamperie e Calcografia, Napoli, 29 pp.
- Hölzel, H. (1965) Neue oder wenig bekannte Chrysopiden aus der sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums (Chrysopidae, Planipennia). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 68, 453–463.
- Hölzel, H. (1971) Remarks on Mongolian Chrysopidae with description of a new species (Planipennia, Chrysopidae). Entomologische Berichten, 31, 101–104.
- Hölzel, H. (1967) Chrysopiden aus der Mongolei. Ergebnisse der Mongolisch-Deutschen Biologischen Expeditionen seit 1962, Nr. 31. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 43, 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19670430210
- Kou, Y.F., Chen, S.M., Zhou, K.F., Qiu, Z.Y., He, J.M., Shi, X., Zhou, X.Z. & Zhang, Q. (2024) Spatiotemporal patterns and coupling coordination analysis of multiscale social-economic-ecological effects in ecologically vulnerable areas based on multi-source data: A case study of the Tuha Region, Xinjiang Province. Land, 13, 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13030282
- Lacroix, J.L. (1913) Contribution a l’étude des Nevroptères de France. Troisième [III] liste. Variétés nouvelles. Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, 43, 98–103 + 105–110.
- Lacroix, J.L. (1915) Notes névroptérologiques. II. I. Excursions en Charente-Inférieure. Insecta, 5, 106–118. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1915.4232
- Lai, Y., Li, K.Y. & Liu, X.Y. (2024) Comprehensive DNA barcode reference library and optimization of genetic divergence threshold facilitate the exploration of species diversity of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Insect Science, 31, 613–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13254
- Letardi, A., Abdel-Dayem, M.S. & Al Dhafer, H.M. (2020) New faunal data on lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera) collected from Saudi Arabia. ZooKeys, 936, 111–148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.936.49962
- Navás, L. (1908) Neurópleros nuevos. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 6, 401–423.
- Navás, L. (1905) Notas zoológicas. VII. Insectos orientales nuevos ó poco conocidos. Boletín de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 4, 49–55.
- Navás, L. (1909) Sur une Chrysopa nouvelle d’Espagñe (Neur.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, 1909, 793–794. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019090616
- Navás, L. (1910) Crisópidos (Ins. Neur.) nuevos. Brotéria, Zoológica, 9, 38–59.
- Navás, L. (1914a) Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Segunda y Tercera serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 11, 105–119 + 193–215.
- Navás, L. (1914b) Les Chrysopides (Ins. Névr.) du Musée de Londres. Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles, 38, 73–114.
- Navás, L. (1915) Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Sexta [VI] serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 12, 119–136.
- Navás, L. (1917) Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Octava [VIII] serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 13, 155–178.
- Navás, L. [1919a] (1920) A contribution to the knowledge of the neuropterous insects of Algeria. Novitates Zoologicae, 26, 283–290. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.5637
- Navás, L. (1919b) Once Neurópteros nuovos españoles. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica de España, 2, 48–56.
- Navás, L. (1919c) Excursiones entomológicas por Cataluña durante el verano de 1918. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 15, 181–214.
- Navás, L. (1922) Mis excursiones entomológicas durante el verano de 1921. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomologica de España, 5, 107–119.
- Navás, L. [1927] (1927–1928) Névroptères de la Chine. Arkiv för Zoologi, 19, 1–5.
- Navás, L. (1931) Decada 2. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 26, 69–79.
- Navás, L. (1932) Decadas de insectos nuevos. Decada 21. Brotéria (Ciências Naturais), 28, 109–119.
- Navás, L. (1934) Névroptères et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Sixième [VI] série. Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, 1, 1–8.
- Navás, L. (1935) Insectos de Berberia. Serie 12. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomologica de España, 18, 77–100.
- Navás, L. (1936) Névroptères et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Neuvième [IX] série. Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, 3, 37–62 + 117–132.
- Okamoto, H. (1914) Über die Chrysopiden-Fauna Japans. The Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University, Sapporo, 6, 51–74.
- Okamoto, H. (1919) Studies on the Japanese Chrysopidae. Report of the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station, 9, 76.
- Oswald, J.D. (2024) Neuropterida Species of the World. Lacewing Digital Library, Research Publication No. 1. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main (accessed 10 December 2024)
- Pongracz, S.X. (1912) Magyarország Chrysopái alak-és rendszertani tekintetben. Állattani Közlemények, 11, 161–221 + 259–261.
- Ratnasingham, S., Wei, C., Chan, D., Agda, J., Agda, J., Ballesteros-Mejia, L., Boutou, H.A., El Bastami, Z.M., Ma, E., Manjunath, R., Rea, D., Ho, C., Telfer, A., McKeowan, J., Rahulan, M., Steinke, C., Dorsheimer, J., Milton, M. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2024) BOLD v4: A Centralized Bioinformatics Platform for DNA-Based Biodiversity Data. In: DNA Barcoding: Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2744, pp. 403–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3581-0_26
- Schneider, W.G. (1851) Symbolae ad monographiam generis Chrysopae, Leach. Sexaginta picturarum tabulis, in lapide acu delineatis, quarum quinquaginta quatuor coloribus impressae sunt, illustratae. Ferdinandum Hirt, Vratislaviae, 178 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8500
- Schneider, W.G. (1845) Verzeichniss der von Herrn Oberlehrer Zeller im jahre 1844 in Sicilien und Italien gesammelten Neuroptera, mit beschreibung einiger neuen arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 6, 338–346.
- Shen, R.R., Li, B.C., Ren, J.L., Shali, Y. & Liu, X.Y. (2022) New snakeflies of the genus Mongoloraphidia H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1968 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from Xinjiang, China. Zootaxa, 5125 (5), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5125.5.7
- Sosa, F. & Tauber, C.A. (2021) The Neotropical green lacewing genus Ceraeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)—New synonymies and combinations, a new species, and an updated key to species. Zootaxa, 4970 (1), 1–52. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4970.1.1
- Steinmann, H. (1964) The Chrysopa species (Neuroptera) of Hungary. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 56, 257–266.
- Steinmann, H. (1968) Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Neuroptera). 140. Chrysopidae und Hemerobiidae II. Reichenbachia, 11, 87–96.
- Stephens, J.F. [1836]1835. Illustrations of British entomology; or, a synopsis of indigenous insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions; with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, economy, as far as practicable. Mandibulata. Vol. 6. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp.
- Tauber, C.A. (1975) Larval characteristics and taxonomic position of the lacewing genus Suarius. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 695–700. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/68.4.695
- Tjeder, B. (1936) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche expedition nach den nordwestlichen provinzen Chinas, unter leitung von Dr. Sven Hedin und Prof. Sü Ping-chang. Insekten gesammelt vom schwedischen arzt der expedition Dr. David Hummel 1927-1930. 62. Neuroptera. Arkiv för Zoologi, 29A, 1–36.
- Tjeder, B. (1966) Neuroptera–Planipennia. The Lace–wings of Southern Africa. 5. Family Chrysopidae. South African Animal Life, 12, 228–534.
- Wesmael, C. (1841) Notice sur les Hémérobides Belgique. Bulletins de l’Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 8, 203–221.
- Yang, C.K. & Yang, X.K. (1991) A revision of the Chinese Mallada (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In: Zhang, G.X. (Ed.), Scientific Treatise on Systematic and Evolutionary Zoology, 1, pp. 135–149.
- Yang, X.K., Yang, C.K. & Li, W.Z. (2005) Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Vol. 39. Neuroptera: Chrysopidae. Science Press, Beijing, 398 pp.
- Zheng, Y.C., Liu, Z.J., Zhang, D. & Liu, X.Y. (2024) Taxonomic notes on two antlion genera Holzezus Krivokhatsky, 1992 and Subgulina Krivokhatsky, 1996 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Myrmecaelurini) from China. Zootaxa, 5403 (2), 256–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.2.4
- Zheng, Y.C., Ni, Z.Y., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., Badano, D., Nel, A. & Liu, X.Y. (2025) A hidden treasure along Silk Roads: An unexpected new species of spoon-winged lacewings from Xinjiang, China, and a revision of the genus Brevistoma Tjeder, 1967 (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae). Zootaxa, 5566 (1), 97–118. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5566.1.4
