Abstract
Of 100 taxa of Odontomutilla that were studied 27 expressed the Red-headed Color Syndrome (RHCS), 73 expressed the Black-headed Color Syndrome (BHCS). The ratio of species with RHCS to species with BHCS is highest in the Oriental region (1.5), while in the Afrotropical region is 0.07. Two species of the genus Odontomutilla with RHCS from two different groups are described: O. storozhenkoi sp. nov. (female with lateral felt line on metasomal tergum 2 linear in form) from the Palaearctic (Iran: Loristan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari) and O. williamsi sp. nov. (female with lateral felt line on metasomal tergum 2 forming a deep, ovate, densely setose pit) from Laos and Vietnam (Oriental region). Former is the second species of Odontomutilla in the Palaearctic and related with species from the Afrotropical region. The latter belongs to the small group of the genus with three spots on metasomal tergum 2 in female.
References
- André, E. (1901–1902) Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance des Mutillides d’Afrique. Zeitschrift für Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 1 & 2, 279–288 + 305–352 (1901) & 17–48 (1902).
- André, E. (1902 [1903]) Fam. Mutillidae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 11. L. Desmet-Verteneuil, Bruxelles, pp. 1–77, pls. 3.
- André, E. (1904) Examen critique d'uen nouvelle classification proposée par M. le Dr. W.H. Ashmead pour la famille des Mutillidae. Revue d’Entomologie, 23 (1), 27–41.
- Ashmead, W.H. (1899) Superfamilies in the Hymenoptera and generic synopses of the familles Thynnidae, Myrmosidae, and Mutillidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 7, 45–60.
- Ashmead, W.H. (1900–1904) Classification of the fossorial, predaceous and parasitic wasps, or the superfamily Vespoidea. The Canadian Entomologist, 32, 34, 35 & 36, 145–155 + 185–188 + 295–296 (1900), 79–88 + 131–137 + 163–166 + 203–210 + 219–231 + 268–273 + 287–291 (1902), 3–8 + 39–44 + 95–107 + 155–158 + 199–205 + 303–310 + 323–332 (1903) & 5–9 (1904). https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent32145-5 https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent3479-4 https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent353-1
- Bingham, C.T. (1908) Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum. Part I. Records of the Indian Museum, 2 (1), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v2/i4/1908/163353
- Bischoff, H. (1920–1921) Monographie der Mutilliden Afrikas. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 86A (1–3 & 4–5), 1–480 (1920) & 481–830 (1921).
- Brothers, D.J. & Lelej, A.S. (2017) Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 60, 1–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.20091
- Boutin, M. & Vilhelmsen, L. (2024) Colour pattern diversity and evolution in Oriental velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Aculeata: Mutillidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 145 (1), 1–16. [supplement data available in Zenodo at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10853048] https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blae064
- Das, D. & Girish Kumar, P. (2015) New record and redescription of Odontomutilla speciosa Smith, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 115 (Part-I), 113–116. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v115/i1/2015/121577
- Das, D., Girish Kumar, P. & Bhadra, K. (2017) Description of a new species of the genus Odontomutilla Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from India. Zootaxa, 4290 (2), 373–376. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.7
- Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (2013) Hymenoptera Glossary. Available from: http://glossary.hymao.org (accessed 19 May 2023)
- Latreille, P.A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliere des Crustacés et des Insectes. Tome 3. F. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15764
- Lelej, A.S. (1983) On the velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) of Australia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 62 (3), 612–619. [in Russian, English translation: (1984) Entomological Review, 62 (3), 152–160]
- Lelej, A.S. (1996) Mutillid wasps collected in Malaysia and Indonesia by Dr. Sk. Yamane (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). Tropics, 6 (1/2), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.3759/tropics.6.91
- Lelej, A.S. (2002) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Palaearctic Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 172 pp.
- Lelej, A.S. (2005) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Oriental Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 252 pp.
- Lelej, A.S. (2023) Discovery of the genus Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in Myanmar with description of a new species. Far Eastern Entomologist, 476, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.476.1
- Lelej, A.S. (2024) Review of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Wallacea with special reference to Lombok, Indonesia. Far Eastern Entomologist, 504, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.504.1
- Lelej, A.S. & Brothers, D.J. (2008) The genus-group names of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) and their type species, with a new genus, new name, new synonymies, new combinations and lectotypifications. Zootaxa, 1889 (1), 1–79. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1889.1.1
- Lelej, A.S. & Krombein, K.V. (1999) Two remarkable new genera of mutillid wasps (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Sphaeropthalminae, Pseudomethocini) from Thailand. Far Eastern Entomologist, 79, 1–8.
- Lelej, A.S., Terine, J.B., Girish Kumar, P., Das, D. & Sureshan, P.M. (2020) Review of the genus Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of the Indian subcontinent, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 4822 (2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.3
- Mickel, C.E. (1933) The Mutillidae of Eastern Asia. Lingnan Science Journal, 19 (3), 289–325.
- Mickel, C.E. (1935) The mutillid wasps of the islands of the Pacific Ocean (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 83 (2), 177–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1935.tb01207.x
- Nonveiller, G. (1975) Rapport d'Activite pour la periode 1962–1975. Universite de Yaounde, Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique, Laboratoire d'Entomologie, Yaounde (Cameroun). FAO, Roma, 183 pp.
- Nonveiller, G. (1997) Mutilliden aus Ostafrika mit Beschreibung neuer Arten (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). (Beitrage zur Mutilliden-Fauna Afrikas: XXVI Beitrag). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 44 (1), 65–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800440106
- Okayasu, J., Williams, K.A. & Lelej, A.S. (2018) A remarkable new species of Sinotilla Lelej (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae: Smicromyrmini) from Taiwan and an overview of color diversity in East Asian mutillid females. Zootaxa, 4446 (3), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4446.3.1
- Pagliano, G., Brothers, D.J., Cambra, R., Lelej, A.S., Lo Cascio, P., Matteini Palmerini, M., Scaramozzino, P.L., Williams, K.A. & Romano, M. (2020) Checklist of names in Mutillidae (Hymenoptera), with illustrations of selected species. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 36 (1–2), 5–425.
- Péringuey, L. (1898) Description of some new or little known South African Mutillidae in the collection of the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 1 (1), 33–94. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13904
- Sichel, J. & Radoszkowski, O. (1869–1870) Essai d'une monographie des Mutilles de l'ancien continent. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 6 (3 & 4), 139–172, pls. 6–8 (1869) & 173–309, pls. 9–11 (1870).
- Smith, F. (1855) Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part III. Mutillidae and Pompilidae. Taylor & Francis, London, 206 pp., 5 pls.
- Terine, J.B. & Girish Kumar, P. (2024) Three new species of the genus Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) from India. Zootaxa, 5405 (1), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5405.1.6
- Waldren, G.C., Sadler, E.A., Murray, E.A., Bossert, S., Danforth, B.N. & Pitts, J.P. (2023) Phylogenomic inference of the higher classification of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Systematic Entomology, 48 (3), 463–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12588
- Williams, K.A., Lelej, A.S., Okayasu, J., Borkent, C.J., Malee, R., Thoawan, K. & Thaochan, N. (2019) The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4602 (1), 1–69. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4602.1.1
- Wilson, J.S., Jahner, J.P., Forister, M.L., Sheehan, E.S., Williams, K.A. & Pitts, J.P. (2015) North American velvet ants form one of the world’s largest known Müllerian mimicry complexes. Current Biology, 25, 704–706. [R704–R706] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.053
- Wilson, J.S., Pan, A.D., Limb, E.S. & Williams, K.A. (2018) African velvet ant (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) Müllerian mimicry rings reveal the depauperate nature of insectivorous lizards in Africa. PLoS ONE, 13 (1), e0189482. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189482
