Abstract
A new ornithoctonine genus, Magnacrus gen. nov., is established with two species from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Magnacrus tongmianensis (Zhu, Li & Song, 2002) gen. nov. comb. nov. is transferred from Citharognathus Pocock, 1895, and is redescribed based on the new Vietnamese specimens; its type locality is potentially wrongly recorded, this species likely does not inhabit China. A new species, M. taynguyenensis gen. nov. sp. nov., from Vietnam is described with both sexes. The type species of Citharognathus, C. hosei Pocock, 1895, is redescribed based on the type specimen and new samples from two populations of Sarawak, Borneo. The males of M. tongmianensis gen. nov. comb. nov., and C. hosei are additionally described. Insights into natural history and conservation of all species are included. A distribution map for both Magnacrus species is provided.
References
- Averyanov, L.V., Phan, K.L., Nguyen, T.H. & Harder, D.K. (2003) Phytogeographic review of Vietnam and adjacent areas of Eastern Indochina. Komarovia, 3, 1–83.
- Bain, R.H. & Hurley, M.M. (2011) A biogeographic synthesis of the amphibians and reptiles of Indochina. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 2011 (360), 1–138. https://doi.org/10.1206/360.1
- Bariev, T.B., Logunov, D.V. & Son, L.X. (2024) A new dwarf theraphosid spider species of the genus Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897 (Aranei: Theraphosidae) from Vietnam. Arthropoda Selecta, 33 (4), 582–588. https://doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.33.4.12
- Bertani, R. (2000) Male palpal bulbs and homologous features in Theraphosinae (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 28, 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028[0029:MPBAHF]2.0.CO;2
- Bonnet, P. (1956) Bibliographia araneorum. Toulouse, 2 (2), 919–1926.
- Borges, L.M., Paladini, A. & Bertani, R. (2021) Two new species of Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. Journal of Natural History, 55 (13–14), 889–908. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1925767
- Gabriel, R. & Sherwood, D. (2019) The revised taxonomic placement of some arboreal Ornithoctoninae Pocock, 1895 with description of a new species of Omothymus Thorell, 1891 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology, 18 (2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.13156/arac.2018.18.2.137
- Hoang, Q.D. (2025) Review of Hyllus C.L. Koch, 1846 in Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species (Araneae: Salticidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 981, 280–299. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2831
- Hose, C. (1893) A journey up the Baram River to Mount Dulit and the highlands of Borneo. The Geographical Journal, 1 (3), 193–206, 1 map. https://doi.org/10.2307/1773815
- Hu, Z., Chen, X. & Yan, H. (2009) Investigation of habitat ecology environment and natural population of Chinese Tarantula Ornithoctonus huwena. Journal of Huaihua University, 28 (2), 65–67.
- Koh, B. (2024) The unique burrow structure and its relationship with the microhabitat and ecosystem of Haplopelma doriae (Thorell, 1890) From Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Journal of the British Tarantula Society, 39 (1), 19–30.
- Lindenmayer, D. & Scheele, B. (2017) Do not publish. Science, 356 (6340), 800–801. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan1362
- Mello-Leitão, C.F. de (1923) Theraphosideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 13, 1–438.
- Müller, S., Fardiansah, R., Schneider, F., Wanke, D., von Wirth, V. & Wendt, I. (2024) Description of a new genus and two new species of Ornithoctoninae from Southeast Asia (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Integrative Systematics, 7 (2), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.18476/2024.122121
- Neave, S.A. (1939) Nomenclator zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. Zoological Society, London, I (A–C), 1–957.
- Petrunkevitch, A. (1928) Systema Aranearum. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 29, 1–270.
- Pocock, R.I. (1895) On a new and natural grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 15 (86), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939508677863
- Raven, R.J. (1985) The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182, 1–180.
- Raven, R.J. (2005) A new tarantula species from northern Australia (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Zootaxa, 1004 (1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1004.1.2
- Reichling, S.B. & West, R.C. (1996) A new genus and species of theraphosid spider from Belize (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 24, 254–261.
- Roewer, C.F. (1942) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Bremen, 1, 1–1040.
- Schmidt, G. & Krause, R.H. (1995) Eine neue Art der Theraphosidae aus Vietnam: Selenopelma kovatikari gen. et sp. n. (Araneida: Theraphosidae: Selenocosmiinae). Arthropoda, 3 (2), 21–24.
- Schmidt, G. (2003) Die Vogelspinnen: Eine weltweite Übersicht. Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Hohenwarsleben, 383 pp.
- Shorthouse, D. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: http://www.simplemappr.net (accessed 16 June 2025)
- Simon, E. (1886) Arachnides recueillis par M. A. Pavie (sous chef du service des postes au Cambodge) dans le royaume de Siam, au Cambodge et en Cochinchine. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 40, 137–166.
- Simon, E. (1903) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris, 2 (4), 669–1080.
- Smith, A.M. & Jacobi, M.A. (2015) Revision of the genus Phormingochilus with the description of three new species from Sulawesi and Sarawak and notes on the placement of the genera Cyriopagopus, Lampropelma and Omothymus. British Tarantula Society Journal, 30 (3), 25–48.
- Taylor, R.L. (1975) Butterflies in my stomach: insects in human nutrition. Woodbridge Press Publishing Company, Woodbridge, California, 224 pp.
- von Wirth, V. (2006) Präparationstechniken von (Vogel-)Spinnenspermatheken. Arachne, 11 (6), 16–28.
- von Wirth, V. & Hildebrandt, K. (2023) Preparation techniques of (Bird) spider spermathecae. BTS Journal, 38 (2), 3–22.
- von Wirth, V. & Striffler, B.F. (2005) Neue Erkenntnisse zur Vogelspinnen–Unterfamilie Ornithoctoninae, mit Beschreibung von Ornithoctonus aureotibialis sp. n. und Haplopelma longipes sp. n. (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Arthropoda, 13 (2), 2–27.
- von Wirth, V. (1991) Eine neue Vogelspinnenart aus Vietnam Haplopelma schmidti sp. n. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Ornithoctoninae). Arachnologischer Anzeiger, 18, 6–11.
- Wang, Z., Cao, J., Cheng, F., Keckeis, H. & Xie, S. (2023) Shoreline hardening affects species composition and condition of larval fishes in the Yangtze River: Implications for conservation and inshore habitat restoration. Ecohydrology, 16 (4), e2528. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2528
- Waterhouse, C.O. & Sharp, D. (1902) Index Zoologicus, an alphabetical list of names of genera and subgenera proposed for use in zoology as recorded in the “Zoological Record” 1880–1900, together with other names not included in the “Nomenclator Zoologicus” of S. H. Scudder. Printed for the Society, London, 421 pp.
- Weather and Climate—The Global Historical Weather and Climate Data (2025) Đắk Lắk, Vietnam Climate. Available from: https://weatherandclimate.com/vietnam/dak-lak (accessed 14 June 2025)
- Weather and Climate—The Global Historical Weather and Climate Data (2025) Ningming County, Guangxi, China Climate. Available from: https://weatherandclimate.com/china/guangxi/ningming-county (accessed 14 June 2025)
- West, R.C. & Nunn, S.C. (2010) A taxonomic revision of the tarantula spider genus Lyrognathus Pocock 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with notes on the Selenocosmiinae. Zootaxa, 2362 (1), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2362.1.1
- West, R.C., Nunn, S.C. & Hogg, S. (2012) A new tarantula genus, Psednocnemis, from West Malaysia (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with cladistic analyses and biogeography of Selenocosmiinae Simon 1889. Zootaxa, 3299 (1), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3299.1.1
- World Spider Catalog (2025) World Spider Catalog. Version 26. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 18 June 2025) https://doi.org/10.24436/2
- Zhu, M.S. & Zhang, R. (2008) Revision of the theraphosid spiders from China (Araneae: Mygalomorphae). Journal of Arachnology, 36, 425–447. https://doi.org/10.1636/CA07-94.1
- Zhu, M.S., Li, T.H. & Song, D.X. (2002) A new species of the genus Citharognathus from China (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae). Journal of Hebei University, Natural Sciences, 22, 370–373.