Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2025-08-04
Page range: 1-26
Abstract views: 58
PDF downloaded: 0

Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species

Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change – Museum Koenig Bonn; Adenauerallee 127; D-53113 Bonn; Germany.; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad; División de Entomología; Rumipamba N341 y Av. Los Shyris; 170506; Quito; Ecuador.
Diptera Integrative taxonomy DNA barcoding Molecular methods Neotropical Region Psychodinae new taxa new record

Abstract

This work describes five new species of Tonnoira Enderlein, namely, T. acantha sp. nov., T. asymmetrica sp. nov., T. sinuosa sp. nov., T. stria sp. nov., and T. wachi sp. nov., increasing the total number of species in this genus to 33. Additionally, T. conistylus Jaume-Schinkel, 2022 is documented for the first time in Panama. COI barcodes are provided for four of these newly described species and for T. fusiformis Quate & Brown, 2004. Molecular species delimitation analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of COI barcodes in identifying and discovering Psychodidae species in the Neotropics. This work highlights the current state of COI barcoding for Tonnoira species, emphasizing the importance of integrating molecular tools with traditional taxonomy to enhance species identification and conservation strategies. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of species diversity within this genus and support ongoing biodiversity conservation efforts.

 

References

  1. Bravo, F. & Chagas, C. (2004) Espécies novas de Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera: Psychodidae) do Nordeste brasileiro. Neotropical Entomology, 33, 601–605. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2004000500009
  2. Bravo, F., Chagas, C. & Ribeiro, A.V. (2008) Description of two new species of Tonnoira Enderlein from caves in the Brazilian Amazon and comments about the taxonomic status of Tonnoira plumaria Quate (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae). Zootaxa, 1916 (1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1916.1.4
  3. Bravo, F., Vilarinho, N. & Araujo, M.X. (2020) New species and new records of Tonnoira (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 60, e20206026. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.26
  4. Chagas-Vieira, C. (2012) New records of Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) from the Brazilian Amazon with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3318 (1), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3318.1.3
  5. Cumming, J.M. & Wood, D.M. (2017) Adult Morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Springs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 1. Introductory Chapters and Keys to Diptera Families, Suricata 4. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 89–133.
  6. Enderlein, G. (1937) Klassifikation der Psychodiden (Dipt.). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1936, 81–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.193619360301
  7. Engel, M.S., Ceríaco, L.M.P., Daniel, G.M., Dellapé, P.M., Löbl, I., Marinov, M., Reis, R.E., Young, M.T., Dubois, A., Agarwal, I., Lehmann, P.A., Alvarado, M., Alvarez, N., Andreone, F., Araujo-Vieira, K., Ascher, J.S., Baêta, D., Baldo, D., Bandeira, S.A., Barden, P., Barrasso, D.A., Bendifallah, L., Bockmann, F.A., Böhme, W., Borkent, A., Brandão, C.R.F., Busack, S.D., Bybee, S.M., Channing, A., Chatzimanolis, S., Christenhusz, M.J.M., Crisci, J.V., D'Elía, G., Da Costa, L.M., Davis, S.R., De Lucena, C.A.S., Deuve, T., Fernandes Elizalde, S., Faivovich, J., Farooq, H., Ferguson, A.W., Gippoliti, S., Gonçalves, F.M.P., Gonzalez, V.H., Greenbaum, E., Hinojosa-Díaz, I.A., Ineich, I., Jiang, J., Kahono, S., Kury, A.B., Lucinda, P.H.F., Lynch, J.D., Malécot, V., Marques, M.P., Marris, J.W.M., McKellar, R.C., Mendes, L.F., Nihei, S.S., Nishikawa, K., Ohler, A., Orrico, V.G.D., Ota, H., Paiva, J., Parrinha, D., Pauwels, O.S.G., Pereyra, M.O., Pestana, L.B., Pinheiro, P.D.P., Prendini, L., Prokop, J., Rasmussen, C., Rödel, M.-O., Rodrigues, M.T., Rodríguez, S.M., Salatnaya, H., Sampaio, Í., Sánchez-García, A., Shebl, M.A., Santos, B.S., Solórzano-Kraemer, M.M., Sousa, A.C.A., Stoev, P., Teta, P., Trape, J.-F., Dos Santos, C.V.-D., Vasudevan, K., Vink, C.J., Vogel, G., Wagner, P., Wappler, T., Ware, J.L., Wedmann, S. & Zacharie, C.K. (2021) The taxonomic impediment: a shortage of taxonomists, not the lack of technical approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 193, 381–387. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab072
  8. Galati, E.A.B. & Rodrigues, B.L. (2023) A review of historical Phlebotominae taxonomy (Diptera: Psychodidae). Neotropical Entomology, 52, 539–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-023-01030-8
  9. Hartop, E., Srivathsan, A., Ronquist, F. & Meier, R. (2022) Towards Large-Scale Integrative Taxonomy (LIT): Resolving the Data Conundrum for Dark Taxa. Systematic Biology, 71 (6), 1404–1422. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syac033
  10. Jaume-Schinkel, S. (2022) Description of Tonnoira conistylus sp. nov. from Costa Rica and a new record of Tonnoira distincta Bravo et al. 2008 from Ecuador. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 58 (3), 633–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2022.2081466
  11. Jaume-Schinkel, S. (2023) Description of Tonnoira chuki sp. n. (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Ecuador, with an updated identification key for the genus Tonnoira. Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, 6 (1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.462484
  12. Jaume-Schinkel, S., Müller, B., Avila-Calero, S., Kukowka, S., Rduch, V. & Mengual, X. (2024) Preserving morphology while extracting DNA: a non-destructive field-to-museum protocol for slide-mounted specimens. Biodiversity Data Journal, 12, e119448. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e119448
  13. Jaume-Schinkel, S. & Mengual, X. (2024) A revision of the genus Armillipora Quate (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 925 (1), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.925.2459
  14. Jaume-Schinkel, S., Mengual, X., Howe, A.G. & Fagan-Jeffries, E.P. (2023) The Hitchhiker's Guide to Australia: The 18,000-km-long journey of Alepia viatrix (Diptera: Psychodidae) discovered through citizen science. Checklist, 19 (4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.15560/19.4.589
  15. Jaume-Schinkel, S., Kvifte, G., Njunjić, I. & Schilthuizen, M. (2023) New records of moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) for the Dutch Fauna. Biodiversity Data Journal, 11, e108636. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e108636
  16. Jaume-Schinkel, S. & Kvifte, M.G. (2022) Platyplastinx ibanezbernali sp. nov., a new species of moth fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Ecuador. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 62 (2), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2022.020
  17. Jaume-Schinkel, S., Kvifte, G.M., van der Weele, R. & Mengual, X. (2022) Alepia viatrix sp. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae), a new species of a Neotropical genus found on the Azores Archipelago (Portugal). Zootaxa, 5128 (3), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.3.4
  18. Kvifte, G.M. & Wagner, R. (2017) Psychodidae (Sand Flies, Moth Flies or Owl Flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and Lower Brachycera, Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 607–632.
  19. Markmann, M. & Tautz, D. (2005) Reverse taxonomy: an approach towards determining the diversity of meiobenthic organisms based on ribosomal RNA signature sequences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 360 (1462), 1917–1924. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1723
  20. Meier, R., Shiyang, K., Vaidya, G. & Ng, P.K. (2006) DNA barcoding and taxonomy in Diptera: A tale of high intraspecific variability and low identification success. Systematic Biology, 55 (5), 715–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150600969864
  21. Müller, B., Thormann, J., von der Mark, L. & Rulik, B. (2024) Supplemental Lab-Protocol for Barcoding Primers: dEURYT-BRBM2, LCO1490-JJ, LCO1490-JJ2 & LCO1490-JJ3. Protocols.io. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.6qpvr96kbvmk/v1 (accessed 01 March 2025)
  22. Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., Von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular biology and evolution, 32 (1), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
  23. Puillandre, N., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. (2021) ASAP: Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning. Molecular Ecology Resources, 21 (2), 609–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13281
  24. Quate, L.W. (1963) Review of G. Enderlein’s non-Holarctic genera of Psychodidae and description of a new species (Diptera). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 115, 181–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb00818.x
  25. Quate, L.W. (1996) Preliminary taxonomy of Costa Rican Psychodidae (Diptera), exclusive of Phlebotominae. Revista de Biología Tropical, 44, 1–81. https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v44iS1.50501
  26. Quate, L.W. (1999) Taxonomy of Neotropical Psychodidae. Diptera 3. Psychodines of Barro Colorado Island and San Blas, Panama. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 14, 409–441.
  27. Quate, L.W. & Brown, B.V. (2004) Revision of Neotropical Setomimini (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 500, 1–117. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.210558
  28. Santos, C.B. & Curler, G.R. (2014) Four new species of Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Zootaxa, 3760 (3), 463–470. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3760.3.13
  29. Srivathsan, A., Ang, Y., Heraty, J.M., Hwang, W.S., Jusoh, W.F.A., Kutty, S.N., Puniamoorthy, J., Yeo, D., Roslin, T. & Meier, R. (2023) Global convergence of dominance and neglect in flying insect diversity. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7, 1012–1021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02066-0
  30. Wagner, R. (1981) Two new moth-flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from South America. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 16, 217–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650528109360596
  31. Zhang, J., Kapli, P., Pavlidis, P. & Stamatakis, A. (2013) A general species delimitation method with applications to phylogenetic placements. Bioinformatics, 29, 2869–2876. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt499

How to Cite

Jaume-Schinkel, S. (2025) Morpho-Molecular species delimitation within Tonnoira Enderlein (Diptera, Psychodidae): Updates on COI barcode data and the description of five new species. Zootaxa, 5673 (1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.1.1