Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2025-07-01
Page range: 1-103
Abstract views: 30
PDF downloaded: 1

New species of Atopobathynella, Kimberleybathynella and Hexabathynella (Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea) from the arid zones of Western Australia

Collections & Research; Western Australian Museum; 49 Kew Street; Welshpool; Western Australia 6106; Australia; Biologic Environmental Survey; East Perth; Western Australia 6004; Australia; Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology (SuRGE) Group; Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory; School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; Perth 6102; WA; Australia
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Dpto. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2. 28006- Madrid; Spain
Biologic Environmental Survey; East Perth; Western Australia 6004; Australia
Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology (SuRGE) Group; Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory; School of Molecular and Life Sciences; Curtin University; Perth 6102; WA; Australia
Biologic Environmental Survey; East Perth; Western Australia 6004; Australia
School of Biological Sciences; The University of Adelaide; SA 5005; Australia
Crustacea 12S 18S COI Kimberley morphology multigene phylogeny Pilbara stygofauna taxonomy

Abstract

Parabathynellidae are small, interstitial, subterranean crustaceans, and an ancient and important element of the Australian aquifers. Many taxa have been discovered in the past few decades, especially in the north of Western Australia, due to surveys conducted on behalf of the mining industry for compliance with Western Australian environmental legislation. Molecular data has become a valuable tool in delimitation of species, especially for environmental impact assessments. However, formal descriptions rarely follow. Here we describe 12 new Parabathynellidae species and three additional putative species delimited initially by genetic data. Using an integrative approach we describe three species of Hexabathynella (H. miralgaensis sp. nov., H. julianae sp. nov., H. robeensis sp. nov.) and seven species of Atopobathynella (A. abelloana sp. nov., A. beasleyensis sp. nov., A. runhami sp. nov., A. jessicae sp. nov., A. shawensis sp. nov., A. rudini sp. nov., A. pervulgata sp. nov.) from the Pilbara region; and two species of Kimberleybathynella (K. ordensis sp. nov. and K. callani sp. nov.) from the Kimberley region. A multigene phylogeny was reconstructed from DNA sequences of the Cytochrome Oxidase c Subunit I (COI), 12S rRNA (12S), and nuclear 18S rRNA (18S) for representative taxa from Australia and other countries. The phylogeny highlighted interesting relationships between species and genera, and raises doubts regarding the validity of the genus Kimberleybathynella.

 

References

  1. Abrams, K.M., Huey, J.A., Hillyer, M.J., Didham, R.K. & Harvey, M.S. (2020) A systematic revision of Draculoides (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) of the Pilbara, Western Australia, Part I: the Western Pilbara. Zootaxa, 4864 (1), 1–75. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4864.1.1
  2. Abrams, K.M., King, R.A., Guzik, M.T., Cooper, S.J.B. & Austin, A.D. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic, morphological and biogeographic evidence for a new genus of parabathynellids crustaceans (Syncarida: Bathynellacea) from groundwater in ancient southern Australian landscape. Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 146–172. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12033
  3. Alda, F., Rey, I. & Doadrio, I. (2007) An improved method of extracting degraded DNA samples from birds and other species. Ardeola, 54 (2), 331–334.
  4. Bandari, E., Shaik, S. & Ranga Reddy, Y. (2017) A phylogenetic review of the genus Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973 (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) with three new species from southeastern India. Journal of Natural History, 51 (35–36), 2143–2184. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1360528
  5. Camacho, A.I. (1986) A new species of the genus Hexabathynella (Syncarida, Bathynellacea, Parabathynellidae) from Spain. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 56 (1), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.386.6296
  6. Camacho, A.I., Abrams, K.M. & Mould, T. (2024) New giant genus of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea): first record of Bathynellacea in an Australian cave. European Journal of Taxonomy, 935, 54–80. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2545
  7. Camacho, A.I. & Hancock, P.J. (2010) A new genus of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea) in New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Natural History, 44 (17–18), 1081–1094. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931003624796
  8. Camacho, A.I. & Hancock, P.J. (2012) Two new species of the genus Chilibathynella Noodt, 1963 and Onychobathynella bifurcata gen. et sp. nov (Custacea: Syncarida: Parabathynellidae) from New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Natural History, 46, 145–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.626129
  9. Camacho, A.I., Mas-Peinado, P., Lagnika, M., Martin, P., Dorda, B.A. & Rey, I. (2024b) First record of Bathynellacea (Crustacea: Malacostraca) in Benin (West Africa): two new species and their phylogenetic position within the Parabathynellidae family. Journal of Natural History, 58 (17–20), 570–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2353941
  10. Camacho, A.I., Mas-Peinado, P., López-Estrada, E.K., Dorda, B.A. & Rey, I. (2022) Split distribution, biogeography and morphological and genetic diversity of the Iberobathynellini Tribe in the family Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea). Contributions to Zoology, 91, 1–61. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10024
  11. Camacho, A.I., Mas-Peinado, P., Ranga Reddy, Y., Bandari, E., Shaik, S., Perina, G. & Rey, I. (2021) An integrated approach to re-evaluate the validity of the family Leptobathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 20, 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa121
  12. Camacho, A.I. & Serban, E. (1998) Tribu des Iberobathynellini nov. diagnoses des taxa nouveaux (Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea, Podophallocarida). Travaux de l’Institut de Spéologie Emile Racovitza, 34 (1995), 15–75.
  13. Camacho, A.I. & Valdecasas, A.G. (2008) Global diversity of syncarids (Syncarida; Crustacea) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9021-5
  14. Cho, J.-L. (2005) A primitive representative of the Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the Yilgarn craton of Western Australia. Journal of Natural History, 39 (39), 3423–3433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930500345806
  15. Cho, J.-L., Humphreys, W.F. & Lee, S.-D. (2006a) Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Atopobathynella Schminke (Bathynellacea: Parabathynellidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 20, 9–41. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS05019
  16. Cho, J.-L., Park, J.-G. & Humphreys, W.F. (2005) A new genus and six new species of the Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the Kimberley Region, Western Australia. Journal of Natural History, 39 (24), 2225–2255. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930400014148
  17. Cho, J.-L., Park, J.-G. & Ranga Reddy, Y. (2006) Brevisomabathynella gen. nov. with two new species from Western Australia (Bathynellacea, Syncarida): the first definitive evidence of predation in the Parabathynellidae. Zootaxa, 1247 (1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1247.1.3
  18. Cho, J.-L. & Schminke, H.K. (2006) A phylogenetic review of the genus Hexabathynella Schminke, 1972 (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea): with a description of four new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00215.x
  19. Delamare Deboutteville, C. (1953) Une espéce nouvelle de Parabathynella à Madagascar: Parabathynella pauliani. Diagnose préliminaire. Vie et Milieu, 4 (4), 748.
  20. Eberhard, S.M., Halse, S.A. & Humphreys, W.F. (2005) Stygofauna in the Pilbara region, north-west Western Australia: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 88 (4), 167–176.
  21. Eberhard, S.M., Halse, S.A., Williams, M., Scanlon, M.D., Cocking, J.S. & Barron, H.J. (2009) Exploring the relationship between sampling efficiency and short range endemism for groundwater fauna in the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Freshwater Biology, 54, 885–901. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01863.x
  22. Environmental Protection Authority (2016) Technical Guidance Subterranean fauna survey. Government of Western Australia, Perth. Available from: https://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Policies_and_Guidance/Technical%20Guidance-Subterranean%20fauna-Dec2016.pdf (accessed 5 May 2025)
  23. Environmental Protection Authority (2021) Technical guidance – Subterranean fauna surveys for environmental impact assessment. Government of Western Australia.
  24. Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vryenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
  25. Giribet, G., Carranza, S., Baguna’, J., Riutort, M. & Ribera, C. (1996) First Molecular Evidence for the Existence of a Tardigrada + Arthropoda Clade. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13 (1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025573
  26. Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.-F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New Algorithms and Methods to Estimate Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies: Assessing the Performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology, 59 (3), 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
  27. Guzik, M.T., Austin, A.D., Cooper, S.J.B., Harvey, M.S., Humpherys, W.F., Bradford, T. & Tomlinson, M. (2011) Is the Australian subterranean fauna uniquely diverse? Invertebrate Systematics, 24, 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS10038
  28. Halse, S.A. (2018) Subterranean Fauna of the Arid Zone. In: Lambers, H. (Ed.), On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 215–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_9
  29. Halse, S.A., Scanlon, M.D., Cocking, J.S., Barron, H.J., Richardson, J.B. & Eberhard, S.M. (2014) Pilbara stygofauna: deep groundwater of an arid landscape contains globally significant radiation of biodiversity. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 78, 443–483. https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0313-122x.78(2).2014.443-483
  30. Harvey, M.S. (2002) Short-range endemism among the Australian fauna: some examples from non-marine environments. Invertebrate Systematics, 16, 555–570. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS02009
  31. Harvey, M.S., Burger, M., Abrams, K.M., Finston, T., Huey, J. & Perina, G. (2023) The systematics of the pseudoscorpion genus Indohya (Pseudoscorpiones: Hyidae) in Australia. Zootaxa, 5342 (1), 1–119. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5342.1.1
  32. Hoang, D.T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B.Q. & Vinh, L.S. (2018) UFBoot2: Improving the Ultrafast Bootstrap Approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (2), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281
  33. Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14 (6), 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  34. Karaman, S. (1934) Die Bathynelliden von Skoplje. Sonderdrück aus den Mitteilungen über Höhlen und Karstforschung, 5, 26–30.
  35. Karanovic, T. & Cooper, S.J.B. (2011) Third genus of parastenocaridid copepods from Australia supported by molecular evidence (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). In: Studies on Freshwater Copepoda. Brill, Leiden, pp. 293–337. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004188280_014
  36. Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K.I. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acid Research, 30 (14), 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436
  37. Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28 (12), 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
  38. Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33 (7), 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
  39. Little, J. & Camacho, A.I. (2017) Morphological and molecular characterisation of a new genus and new species of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea: Syncarida) in Queensland, Australia. Invertebrate Systematics, 31 (2), 208–219. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS16054
  40. Matthews, E.F., Abrams, K.M., Cooper, S.J.B., Huey, J.A., Hillyer, M.J., Humphreys, W.F. & Guzik, M.T. (2020) Scratching the surface of subterranean biodiversity: Molecular analysis reveals a diverse and previously unknown fauna of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea) from the Pilbara, Western Australia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 142, 106643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106643
  41. Moreau, C.S., Wray, B.D., Czekanski-Moir, J.E. & Rubin, B.E.R. (2013) DNA preservation: a test of commonly used preservatives for insects. Invertebrate Systematics, 27 (1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12067
  42. Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32 (1), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
  43. Noodt, W. (1963) Estudios sobre Crustáceos de aguas subterráneas, III.—Crustacea Syncarida de Chile Central. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas, 10, 151–167.
  44. Noodt, W. (1964) Natürliches System und Biogeographie der Syncarida (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Gewässer und Abwässer, 37/38, 151–167.
  45. Noodt, W. (1965) Natürliches System und Biogeographie der Syncarida. Gewässer und Abwässer, 37/38, 77–186.
  46. Perina, G. & Camacho, A.I. (2016) Permanent slides for morphological studies of small crustaceans: Serban’s method and its variation applied on Bathynellacea (Malacostraca). Crustaceana, 89 (10), 1161–1173. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003576
  47. Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., Cooper, S.J.B., Floeckner, S., Blyth, A.J. & Saccò, M. (2023a) An integrated approach to explore the monophyletic status of the cosmopolitan genus Hexabathynella (Crustacea, Bathynellacea, Parabathynellidae): two new species from Rottnest Island (Wadjemup), Western Australia. Systematics and Biodiversity, 21 (1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2022.2151662
  48. Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., Danks, M., White, N. & Guzik, M.T. (2023b) Two new species of Atopobathynella (Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea) from the Pilbara region, Australia. Systematics and Biodiversity, 21 (1), 2228326. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2023.2228326
  49. Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., Huey, J., Horwitz, P. & Koenders, A. (2018) Understanding subterranean variability: the first genus of Bathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Crustacea) from Western Australia described through a morphological and multigene approach. Invertebrate Systematics, 32 (2), 423–447. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17004
  50. Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., Huey, J., Horwitz, P. & Koenders, A. (2019a) New Bathynellidae (Crustacea) taxa and their relationships in the Fortescue catchment aquifers of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Systematics and Biodiversity, 17 (2), 148–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2018.1559892
  51. Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., Huey, J., Horwitz, P. & Koenders, A. (2019b) The role of allopatric speciation and ancient origins of Bathynellidae (Crustacea) in the Pilbara (Western Australia): two new genera from the De Grey River catchment. Contributions to Zoology, 88 (4), 452–497. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191412
  52. Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., White, N.E., Callan, S.K., Abello, J.S., Morgan, L. & Guzik, M.T. (2024) An integrated study of Atopobathynella (Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea) species reveals restricted distributions in a complex hydrogeological setting: two new species from the Pilbara (Australia). Contributions to Zoology, 93, 324–370. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10063
  53. Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., White, E.N., Morgan, L., Lowrie, A., Floeckner, S. & Guzik, M. (2024) Unveiling hidden Bathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea) diversity in Australia: an integrated study reveals remarkable diversity and a new subfamily from Queensland. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 202 (4), zlae151. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae151
  54. Rambaut, A. (2009) FigTree. Version 1.3.1. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 5 May 2025)
  55. Ranga Reddy, Y., Drewes, J. & Schminke, H.K. (2008) A new species of the genus Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) from the hyporheic zone of the River Godavari, South India. Zootaxa, 1829 (1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1829.1.3
  56. Rockwater Hydrogeological and Environmental Consultant (2022) Southdown Magnetite Project – Subterranean Fauna Assessment. Report for Southdown Joint Venture. Available from: https://www.epa.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Referral_Documentation/Attachment%2013%20-%20Subterranean%20Fauna%20Assessment.pdf (accessed 5 May 2025)
  57. Schminke, H.K. (1972) Hexabathynella halophila gen. n., sp. n. und die Frage nach der marinen Abkunft der Bathynellacea (Cructacea: Malacostraca). Marine Biology, 15 (3), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383559
  58. Schminke, H.K. (1973a) Evolution, System und Verbreitungs geschichte der Familie Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Malacostraca). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 24 (87), 1–192.
  59. Schminke, H.K. (2011) Arthropoda: Crustacea: Malacostraca: Bathynellacea: Parabathynellidae (Vol. 21). National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 224 pp.
  60. Serban, E. (1972) Bathynella (Podophallocarida, Bathynellacea). Travaux de l’Institut de Spéléologie “Émile Racovitza”, 11, 11–225.
  61. Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene-sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain-reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 651–701. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.651
  62. Smith, G.B., Eberhard, S.M., Perina, G. & Finston, T.L. (2012) New species of short range endemic troglobitic silverfish (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from subterranean habitats in Western Australia’s semi-arid Pilbara region. Records of the Australian Museum, 27, 101–116. https://doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.27(2).2012.101-116
  63. Stringer, D.N., King, R., Austin, A.D. & Guzik, M. (2022) Pilbarana, a new subterranean amphipod genus (Hadzioidea: Eriopisidae) of environmental assessment importance from the Pilbara, Western Australia. Zootaxa, 5188 (6), 559–573. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.6.4
  64. Thomson, G.M. (1893) Notes on Tasmanian Crustacea, with description of new species. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1893, 45–76. https://doi.org/10.26749/KEQM3210
  65. Wetzer, R. (2001) Hierarchical analysis of mtDNA variation and the use of mtDNA for isopod (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) systematics. Contributions to Zoology, 70, 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07001002
  66. Whiting, M.F., Carpenter, J.M. & Wheeler, Q.D. (1997) The Stresiptera Problem: Phylogeny of the Holometabolous Insect Orders Inferred from 18S and 28S Ribosomal DNA Sequences and Morphology. Systematic Biology, 46 (1), 1–68. https://doi.org/10.2307/2413635
  67. Xia, X. (2018) DAMBE7: New and Improved Tools for Data Analysis in Molecular Biology and Evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6), 1550–1552. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy073
  68. Xia, X., Xie, Z., Salemi, M., Chen, L. & Wang, Y. (2003) An index of substitution saturation and its application. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26 (1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00326-3

How to Cite

Perina, G., Camacho, A.I., Morgan, L., Lawrie, A., Floeckner, S. & Guzik, M.T. (2025) New species of Atopobathynella, Kimberleybathynella and Hexabathynella (Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea) from the arid zones of Western Australia. Zootaxa, 5655 (1), 1–103. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5655.1.1