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Issue: Vol. 5646 No. 4: 11 Jun. 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-06-11
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.1
Page range: 451-500
Abstract views: 107
PDF downloaded: 8

A taxonomic revision of the freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean genus Prostoma Dugès, 1828 (Nemertea: Eumonostilifera): a radical solution or an over-lumping?

Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku N10 W8; Sapporo 060-0810; Japan
Nemertea Checklist Prostomatidae Prostomidae Prostomum speleology stygofauna subterranean taxonomic over-splitting troglofauna

Abstract

The freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean genus Prostoma Dugès, 1828 is revised based on i) morphological examination of material from Lake Biwa, Japan, and type materials of P. kolasai Gibson & Moore, 1976 and P. canadiense Gibson & Moore, 1978; ii) a species delimitation analysis based on partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene determined from material collected in Norway, Sweden, and Japan, along with 62 sequences available in public databases from the UK, Sweden, Italy, Macedonia, New Zealand, Mexico, and the USA (California, Indiana, Massachusetts); and iii) a literature survey. The generic names regarded as synonymous with Prostoma are Emea Leidy, 1850; Stichostemma Montgomery, 1894; Koinoporus Sanchez & Moretto, 1988 syn. nov.; and Limnemertes Gibson & Wang, 2002 syn. nov. Prostoma now consists of the epigean P. clepsinoides Dugès, 1828 and the eyeless stygobiont P. puteale Beauchamp, 1932. Nominal species-group taxa regarded as synonymous with P. clepsinoides include P. lombricoideum Dugès, 1830 syn. nov.; Polia dugesii Quatrefages, 1849; Emea rubra Leidy, 1850 syn. nov.; Tetrastemma turanicum Fedchenko, 1872 syn. nov.; T. aquarumdulcium Silliman, 1884; T. lacustre Du Plessis, 1892 syn. nov.; T. graecense Böhmig in Mojsisovics, 1893 syn. nov.; Stichostemma eilhardi Montgomery, 1894 syn. nov.; S. asensoriatum Montgomery, 1896 syn. nov.; P. sebethis Monticelli, 1910 syn. nov.; S. grande Ikeda, 1913 syn. nov.; P. padanum Pierantoni, 1926 syn. nov.; P. cisalpinum Vialli, 1927 syn. nov.; P. jenningsi Gibson & Young, 1971 syn. nov.; P. kolasai syn. nov.; P. canadiense syn. nov.; Koinoporus mapochi Sanchez & Moretto, 1988 syn. nov.; P. eilhardi macradenum Sun & Yin, 1995 syn. nov.; P. ohmiense Chernyshev et al., 1998 syn. nov.; and Limnemertes poyangensis Gibson & Wang, 2002 syn. nov. Nominal species herein regarded as synonymous with P. puteale are P. communopore Senz, 1996 syn. nov. and P. hercegovinense Tarman, 1961 syn. nov. An annotated list of available species-group names that could potentially be combined with Prostoma is provided. Annexes are provided for i) species-group names originally but no longer combined with Prostoma, ii) T.E. Timofeev’s 1911 nemertean article, and iii) nomenclature on Prostoma Örsted, 1843 and Prostominae Örsted, 1844.

 

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How to Cite

Kajihara, H. (2025) A taxonomic revision of the freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean genus Prostoma Dugès, 1828 (Nemertea: Eumonostilifera): a radical solution or an over-lumping?. Zootaxa, 5646 (4), 451–500. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.1