Abstract
A new species, Acartia (Acanthacartia) lishaojingi sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from the Longzhou Pool, Xiamen, China. Morphologically, this new species should be assigned to the A. plumosa group, characterized by a basal knob-like swelling on exopod of female leg 5, a thumb-like projection on the basis as well as a long terminal segment and a short terminal spine on male left leg 5. Among the A. plumosa group, A. lishaojingi sp. nov. most closely resembles A. sinjiensis. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) sequences showed that the inter-specific genetic differences between A. lishaojingi sp. nov. and A. sinjiensis ranged from 20.9–21.3%, demonstrating that the new species is distinct from A. sinjiensis. A. lishaojingi sp. nov. can be differentiated from A. sinjiensis by combination of the following characteristics: in the female, posterior corners of fifth pedigerous somite typically naked; second urosomite with only two spinules on posterodorsal margin; posterodorsal spinules on genital double-somite smaller than those on second urosomite; in the male, third urosomite without spinules on posterodorsal margin; basis of left leg 5 with distally-narrowed thumb-like projection and without acute projection on medial margin.
References
- Bayly, I.A.E. (1965) Ecological studies on the planktonic Copepoda of the Brisbane River estuary with special reference to Gladioferens pectinatus (Brady) (Calanoida). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 16 (3), 315–350. https://doi.org/10.1071/mf9650315
- Bradford, J.M. (1976) Partial revision of the Acartia subgenus Acartiura (Copepoda: Calanoida: Acartiidae). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 10 (1), 159–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1976.9515606
- Bradford-Grieve, J.M. (1999) The marine fauna of New Zealand: pelagic calanoid Copepoda: Bathypontiidae, Arietellidae, Augaptilidae, Heterorhabdidae, Lucicutiidae, Metridinidae, Phyllopodidae, Centropagidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, Temoridae, Candaciidae, Pontellidae, Sulcanidae, Acartiidae, Tortanidae. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 111, 214–216.
- Brodsky, K.A. (1950) Calanoida of the Far Eastern seas and Polar basin of the U.S.S.R. Keys to the Fauna of the USSR, 35, 424–425 (translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967).
- Bucklin, A., Frost, B.W., Bradford-Grieve, J., Allen, L.D. & Copley, N.J. (2003) Molecular systematic and phylogenetic assessment of 34 calanoid copepod species of the Calanidae and Clausocalanidae. Marine Biology, 142, 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0943-1
- Bucklin, A., Ortman, B.D., Jennings, R.M., Nigro, L.M., Sweetman, C.J., Copley, N.J., Sutton, T. & Wiebe, P.H. (2010) A “Rosetta Stone” for metazoan zooplankton: DNA barcode analysis of species diversity of the Sargasso Sea (Northwest Atlantic Ocean). Deep-Sea Research Ⅱ, 57 (24–26), 2234–2247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.025
- Chihara, M. & Murano, M. (1997) An Illustrated Guide to Marine Plankton in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1574 pp.
- Cornils, A. & Held, C. (2014) Evidence of cryptic and pseudocryptic speciation in the Paracalanus parvus species complex (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida). Frontiers in Zoology, 11, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-11-19
- Cornils, A., Wend-Heckmann, B. & Held, C. (2017) Global phylogeography of Oithona similis s.l. (Crustacea, Copepoda, Oithonidae) – A cosmopolitan plankton species or a complex of cryptic lineages? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107, 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.019
- Figueroa, N.J., Figueroa, D.F. & Hicks, D. (2020) Phylogeography of Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 (Calanoida: Copepoda) and phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Acartia Dana, 1846. Marine Biodiversity, 50, 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01043-1
- Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3 (5), 294–299.
- Gong, Z.D. & Guo, D.H. (2025) Acartia huangi sp. nov., a new species of Acartia from the Taiwan Strait. Journal of Fisheries of China, 49 (6), 069118. https://doi.org/10.11964/jfc.20231214294
- Gong, Z.D., Wang, L.S. & Guo, D.H. (2023) A new record species of Acartia in China. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 62 (5), 881–886. https://doi.org/10.6043/j.issn.0438-0479.202212017
- Greenwood, J.G. (1972) A new species of Acartia (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Moreton Bay, Queensland. Crustaceana, 22 (3), 313–319. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854072X00615
- Hidaka, K., Itoh, H., Hirai, J. & Tsuda, A. (2016) Occurrence of the Paracalanus parvus species complex in offshore waters south of Japan and their genetic and morphological identification to species. Plankton and Benthos Research, 11 (4), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.11.131
- Huys, R. & Boxshall, G.A. (1991) Copepod Evolution. The Ray Society, London, 468 pp.
- Ito, T. (1956) Three new copepods from brackish-water lakes of Japan. Pacific Science, 10 (4), 468–473.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016) MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33 (7), 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
- Lee, S., Soh, H.Y. & Lee, W. (2019) A new species in the genus Acartia Dana, 1846 (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida, Acartiidae) from the South Pacific coastal waters of Nadi Bay, Fiji. ZooKeys, 893, 69–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.893.38369
- Lian, G.S., Wang, Y.G., Sun, R.X. & Hwang, J.S. (2018) Species Diversity of Marine Planktonic Copepods in China’s Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 835 pp.
- Lo, W.T., Chung, C.L. & Shih, C.T. (2004) Seasonal distribution of copepods in Tapong Bay, southwestern Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 43 (2), 464–474.
- Mori, T. (1940) Two new copepods from Japanese waters. Zoological Magazine (Dobutsugaku Zasshi), 52 (8), 328–330.
- Mulyadi. (2004) Calanoid Copepods in Indonesian Waters. Research Center for Biology, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Bogor, 198 pp.
- Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987) A neigbour-joining method: a new method for reconstruction of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Ecology and Evolution, 44 (4), 406–425. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
- Sakaguchi, S.O. & Ueda, H. (2020) A new species closely related to Acartia sinjiensis (Copepoda: Calanoida), from river estuaries of northern Luzon, the Philippines. Zootaxa, 4881 (3), 532–544. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4881.3.6
- Sakaguchi, S.O., Ueda, H., Ohtsuka, S., Soh, H.Y. & Yoon, Y.H. (2011) Zoogeography of planktonic brackish-water calanoid copepods in western Japan with comparison with neighboring Korean fauna. Plankton and Benthos Research, 6 (1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.6.18
- Soh, H.Y., Moon, S.Y., Park, E.O. & Maran, B.A.V. (2013) A new species of Acartia subgenus Euacartia (Copepoda: Calanoida: Acartiidae) form Korean estuaries based on morphological and molecular evidence. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 33 (5), 718–729. https://doi.org/10.1163/1937240X-00002174
- Srinui, K., Ohtsuka, S., Metillo, E.B. & Nishibori, M. (2019) A new species of Acartia (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the Philippines, based on morphological and molecular analyses. ZooKeys, 814, 71–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.24601
- Steuer, A. (1915) Revision der Gattung Acartia Dana. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 45 (9), 392–397.
- Steuer, A. (1923) Bausteine zu einer Monographie der Copepodengattung Acartia. Arbeiten aus den Zoologischen Institut der Universität Innsbruck, 1 (5), 91–144.
- Tanaka, O. (1965) The pelagic copepods of the Izu region, middle Japan systematic account XIII – Parapontellidae, Acartiidae and Tortanidae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 12 (5), 379–408. https://doi.org/10.5134/175327
- Ueda, H. & Bucklin, A.C. (2006) Acartia (Odontacartia) ohtsukai, a new brackish-water calanoid copepod from Ariake Bay, Japan, with a redescription of the closely related A. pacifica from the Seto Inland Sea. Hydrobiologia, 560, 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-9513-0
- Ueda, H. & Hiromi, J. (1987) The Acartia plumosa T. Scott species group (Copepoda, Calanoida) with a description of A. tropica n. sp. Crustaceana, 53 (3), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854087X00312
- Ueda, H., Itoh, H., Hirai, J. & Hidaka, K. (2022) Paracalanus orientalis n. sp. (Copepoda, Calanoida), formerly referred to as P. parvus in Japanese coastal waters. Plankton and Benthos Research, 17 (2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.17.221
- Walter, T.C. & Boxshall, G. (2025) World of Copepods Database. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda (accessed 5 February 2025)
- Yoo, K.I., Hue, H.K. & Lee, W.C. (1991) Taxonomical revision on the genus Acartia (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the Korean waters. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24 (4), 255–265.
- Zheng, Z., Li, S.J. & Lian, G.S. (1992) Biology of Marine Copepods. Xiamen University Press, Xiamen, 312 pp.