Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5637 No. 3: 22 May 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-05-22
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5637.3.2
Page range: 450-468
Abstract views: 47
PDF downloaded: 5

Brevitubus gen. nov. (Araneae, Phrurolithidae), a new guardstone spider genus from southern China, with descriptions of four new species and proposal of four new combinations

College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
College of Life Science; Hunan Normal University; Changsha 410081; Hunan; China
Araneae East Asia new taxa Dionycha taxonomy

Abstract

A new genus of the spider family Phrurolithidae, Brevitubus gen. nov., is described, as are four new species: B. ellipticus sp. nov. (♂♀; type species), B. subpinglong sp. nov. (♂♀), B. lunatus sp. nov. (♂), and B. subellipticus sp. nov. (♀). In addition, four new combinations are proposed: B. ailan (Liu, Xu, Xiao, Yin & Peng, 2019) comb. nov., B. haitun (Liu, Xu & Yin, 2023) comb. nov., B. pinglong (Liang, Li, Yin, Li & Xu, 2021) comb. nov., and B. jiulong (Liu & Li, 2022) comb. nov., with the first three from Otacilia Thorell, 1897 and the last one from Xilithus Liu & Li, 2023. Illustrations of the four new species, and a distribution map of the genus are provided. Additionally, molecular analyses of seven Brevitubus species, including the four new combinations and three of the four new species, revealed that all Brevitubus samples form a highly supported clade.

 

References

  1. Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2007) A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mounting spiders for scanning electron microscopy. The Journal of Arachnology, 35 (3), 538–542. https://doi.org/10.1636/Sh06-55.1
  2. Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17 (4), 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
  3. Deeleman-Reinhold, C.L. (2001) Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae). Brill, Leiden, 591 pp. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004475588
  4. Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3 (5), 294–299.
  5. Freytag, P.H. & Ma, N. (1988) An unusual new genus and species of hecaline leafhopper from Venezuela (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Entomological News, 99 (3), 153–156.
  6. Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17 (8), 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
  7. Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature methods, 14 (6), 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
  8. Kamura, T. (2021) Three new genera of the family Phrurolithidae (Araneae) from East Asia. Acta Arachnologica, 70 (2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.70.117
  9. Kamura, T. (2022) Generic placements of the Japanese species assigned to the genus Otacilia (Araneae: Phrurolithidae), with a description of a new genus. Acta Arachnologica, 71 (2), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.71.13
  10. Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic acids research, 30 (14), 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436
  11. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
  12. Liang, Y., Li, Q., Yin, H.Q., Li, H. & Xu, X. (2021) Two new species of the genus Otacilia from southern China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 30 (2), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-9628.2021.02.04
  13. Lin, Y.J., Li, S.Q. & Pham, D.S. (2023) Taxonomic notes on some spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Vietnam. Zoological Systematics, 48 (1), 1–99. https://doi.org/10.11865/zs.2023101
  14. Liu, K.K., Xu, X., Xiao, Y.H., Yin, H.Q. & Peng, X.J. (2019) Six new species of Otacilia from southern China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae). Zootaxa, 4585 (3), 438–458. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4585.3.2
  15. Liu, K.K., Luo, H.P., Ying, Y.H., Xiao, Y.X., Xu, X. & Xiao, Y.H. (2020) A survey of Phrurolithidae spiders from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China. ZooKeys, 946, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.947.51175
  16. Liu, K.K., Ying, Y.H. & Li, S.Q. (2022b) One new genus and two new species of the spider family Phrurolithidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, southwest China. ZooKeys, 1117, 71–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1117.89211
  17. Liu, K.K., Li, S.Q., Zhang, X.Q., Ying, Y.H., Meng, Z.Y., Fei, M.H., Li, W.H., Xiao, Y.H. & Xu, X. (2022a) Unknown species from China: The case of phrurolithid spiders (Araneae, Phrurolithidae). Zoological Research, 43 (3), 352–355. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.055
  18. Liu, K.K., Xu, X. & Yin, H.Q. (2023) A survey of the Phrurolithidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Damingshan National Natural Reserve, south China. Zootaxa, 5278 (3), 511–536. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5278.3.5
  19. Mu, Y. & Zhang, F. (2022) Lingulatus gen. nov., a new genus with description of three new species and one new combination (Araneae: Phrurolithidae). Zootaxa, 5178 (3), 265–277. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5178.3.5
  20. Mu, Y. & Zhang, F. (2023) Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae). Zootaxa, 5338 (1), 1–104. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1
  21. Mu, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, F. & Zhang, Z.S. (2025) Mutatus gen. nov., a new genus of Phrurolithidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys, 1226, 121–137. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.137752
  22. Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32 (1), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
  23. Ramirez, M.J. (2014) The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 390, 1–374. https://doi.org/10.1206/821.1
  24. Wheeler, W.C., Coddington, J.A., Crowley, L.M., Dimitrov, D., Goloboff, P.A., Griswold, C.E., Hormiga, G., Prendini, L., Ramirez, M.J., Sierwald, P., Almeida-Silva, L.M., Álvarez-Padilla, F., Arnedo, M.A., Benavides, L.R., Benjamin, S.P., Bond, J.E., Griswold, C.L., Hasan, E., Hedin, M., Izquierdo, M.A., Labarque, F.M., Ledford, J., Lopardo, L., Maddison, W.P., Miller, J.A., Piacentini, L.N., Platnick, N.I., Polotow, D., Silva-Dávila, D., Scharff, N., Szűts, T., Ubick, D., Vink, C., Wood, H.M. & Zhang, J.X. (2017) The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling. Cladistics, 33 (6), 576–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12182
  25. World Spider Catalog (2025) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: https://wsc.nmbe.ch/ (accessed 4 March 2025)
  26. Zamani, A. & Marusik, Y.M. (2020) A survey of Phrurolithidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in southern Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4758 (2), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.6

How to Cite

Zhu, S., Liao, R., Yin, H. & Xu, X. (2025) Brevitubus gen. nov. (Araneae, Phrurolithidae), a new guardstone spider genus from southern China, with descriptions of four new species and proposal of four new combinations. Zootaxa, 5637 (3), 450–468. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.3.2