Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5636 No. 2: 16 May 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-05-16
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.6
Page range: 327-340
Abstract views: 108
PDF downloaded: 6

A new species of Euborlasia Vaillant, 1890 (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) from Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

LARBIM-IBIOMAR; Centro Nacional Patagónico (CCT CONICET-CENPAT). Bvd. Brown 2915; U9120ACV Puerto Madryn; Chubut; Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB); Bvd. Brown 3100; U9120ACV Puerto Madryn; Chubut; Argentina
A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology; Far Eastern Branch; Russian Academy of Sciences; ul. Palchevskogo 17; Vladivostok 690041; Russia
LARBIM-IBIOMAR; Centro Nacional Patagónico (CCT CONICET-CENPAT). Bvd. Brown 2915; U9120ACV Puerto Madryn; Chubut; Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB); Bvd. Brown 3100; U9120ACV Puerto Madryn; Chubut; Argentina
LARBIM-IBIOMAR; Centro Nacional Patagónico (CCT CONICET-CENPAT). Bvd. Brown 2915; U9120ACV Puerto Madryn; Chubut; Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB); Bvd. Brown 3100; U9120ACV Puerto Madryn; Chubut; Argentina; Universidad Espíritu Santo; Ecuador
Nemertea Patagonian shelf Heteronemertea Lineidae new species synapomorphy

Abstract

The genus Euborlasia comprises relatively large ribbon worms, typically recognized by their distinctive mottled, dark body coloration, often ornamented with thin rings encircling the body, and a pale cephalic tip. In this study, we describe Euborlasia lidiae sp. nov., a new species from Patagonia, Argentina, representing the first record of this genus in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The newly described species is primarily distinguished from its congeners by its unique body coloration. It exhibits an anterior-posterior gradient in background coloration, ranging from whitish to creamy pink, mottled with olive-brown dots that become less dense towards the anterior end, with the tip of the head remaining whitish. Ventrally, the density of the dots gradually decreases towards the posterior end, where only the creamy pink background remains. Additionally, it possesses a proboscis with a single layer of longitudinal musculature, and its cutis is separated from the outer longitudinal muscle layer of the body wall by connective tissue. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences indicate that E. lidiae sp. nov. forms a clade with three other Euborlasia species and Corsoua takakurai. Furthermore, we provide a revised diagnosis of the genus Euborlasia. We propose that the diagonal musculature located between the outer longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the body wall, along with the nerve plexus situated between the layers of this musculature, represent synapomorphies of the heteronemertean Lineage O.

 

References

  1. Alfaya, J.E.F., Chernyshev, A.V., Lozada, M. & Bigatti, G. (2024) Nemertean diversity at the end of the world: histology‐free description of three new species and evidence of genetic isolation between Antarctica and South America. Polar Biology. Available from: https://bicyt.conicet.gov.ar/fichas/produccion/en/12406027 (accessed 21 April 2025)
  2. Bürger, O. (1892) Zur Systematik der Nemertinenfauna des Golfs von Neapel. Nachrichten von der königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augusts-Universität zu Göttingen, 5, 137–178
  3. Bürger, O. (1895a) Beiträge zur Anatomie, Systematik und geographischen Verbreitung der Nemertinen. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 61, 16–37
  4. Bürger, O. (1895b) Nemertinen. F F Golf Neapel, 22, 1–743
  5. Chernyshev, A.V. (2010) Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of the phalloidin-labelled musculature in nemerteans. Journal of Natural History, 44, 2287–2302 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.504890
  6. Chernyshev, A.V. (2011) Comparative morphology, systematics and phylogeny of the nemerteans. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 309 pp.
  7. Chernyshev, A.V. (2015) CLSM analysis of the phalloidin-stained muscle system of the nemertean proboscis and rhynchocoel. Zoological Science, 32 (6), 547–560 https://doi.org/10.2108/zs140267
  8. Chernyshev, A.V., Polyakova, N.E., Turanov, S.V. & Kajihara, H. (2017) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lineus torquatus and allies (Nemertea, Lineidae) with descriptions of a new genus and a new cryptic species. Systematic Biology, 16, 55–68 https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2017.1317672
  9. Chernyshev, A.V. & Polyakova, N.E. (2023) Distribution and phylogenetic position of the antarctic ribbon worm Heteronemertes longifissa (Nemertea, Pilidiophora). Water, 15, 809–824 https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040809
  10. Chevenet, F., Brun, C., Bañuls, A.L., Jacq, B. & Christen, R. (2006) TreeDyn: towards dynamic graphics and annotations for analyses of trees. BMC Bioinformatics, 10 (7), 439 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-439.
  11. Coe, W.R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard Collection, 47 (1), 318
  12. Coe, W.R. (1940) Revision of the nemertean fauna of the Pacific coasts of north, central and northern South America. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 2, 247–323
  13. Coe, W.R. (1944) Geographical distribution of the nemerteans of the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Washington Academy, 34, 27–32
  14. Corrêa, D.D. (1963) Nemerteans from Curaçao. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 75, 41–56
  15. Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32 (5), 1792–1797 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  16. Ehrenberg, C.G. (1828–1831) Phytozoa turbellaria Africana et Asiatica in Phytozoorum Tabula IV et V delineata. In: Hemprich, F.G. & Ehrenberg, C.G. (Eds.), Symbolae physicae, seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Aegyptium, Nubiam, Dongalum, Syriam, Arabiam, et Habessiniam, pars zoologica II, animalia evertebrata exclusis insecti. Officina Academica, Berlin, pp. 53–67, pls. IV–V. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.107403
  17. Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783–791 https://doi.org/10.2307/2408678
  18. Friedrich, H. (1958) Nemertini, The zoology of Iceland, 2 (Part 18), 1–24
  19. Friedrich, H. (1960) Bemerkungen über die Gattung Micrura Ehrenberg 1831 und zur Klassifikation der Heteronemertinen nebst vorläufigem Bestimmungsschlüssel. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 7, 48–62
  20. Friedrich, H. (1970) Nemertinen aus Chile. Report no. 47 of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948–1949. Sarsia, 40, 1–80 https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1970.10411156
  21. Guindon, S., Dufayard, J.F., Lefort, V., Anisimova, M., Hordijk, W. & Gascuel, O. (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic Biology, 59 (3), 307–321 https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq010
  22. Gibson, R. (1990) The macrobenthic nemertean fauna of Hong Kong. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1986. Vol. 1. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 33–212.
  23. Gibson, R. (1994) Nemerteans. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury. [unknown pagination]
  24. Hookabe, N. & Kajihara, H. (2020a) Euborlasia Vaillant, 1890 (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) from Bocas del Toro: Description of a new species, with comments on the systematics of the genus. Marine Biodiversity, 50, 1–13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01091-7
  25. Hookabe, N. & Kajihara, H. (2020b) Taxonomic reappraisal of Lineus longifissus auct. (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) from Japan for the first time in 122 years. Zoological Science, 37, 467–475 https://doi.org/10.2108/zs200001
  26. Huschke, E. (1830) Beschreibung und Anatomie eines neuen an Sicilien gefundenen Meerwurms, Notospermus drepanensis. Isis, 23, 681–683
  27. Iwata, F. (1952) Nemertini from the coasts of Kyusyu. Journal of Faculty of Science of Hokkaido University Series 6 Zoology, 11, 126–148
  28. Iwata, F. (1957) Nemerteans from Sagami Bay. Publications of the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station, 7, 1–31
  29. Kajihara, H. & Nishi, E. (2013) First record of Euborlasia nigrocincta Coe, 1940 (Nemertea: Heteronemertea) from the western Pacific. Check List, 9, 826–828 https://doi.org/10.15560/9.4.826
  30. Kajihara, H., Abukawa, S. & Chernyshev, A.V. (2022) Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbo taxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 196, 503–548 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
  31. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  32. Kvist, S., Laumer, C.E., Junoy, J. & Giribet, G. (2014) New insights into the phylogeny, systematics and DNA barcoding of Nemertea. Invertebrate. Systematic, 28, 287–308 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS13061
  33. McIntosh, W.C. (1873–1874) A monograph of the British annelids. Part I. The Nemerteans. Ray Society. London, 214 pp., XXIII pls. [pp. 1–96, pls. I–X (1873), pp. 97–214, pls. XI–XXIII (1874)] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54725
  34. Moretto, H.J.A. (1971) Un Heteronemertinode la costa Atlántica bonaerense. Neotrópica, 17, 5–11
  35. Moretto, H.J.A. (1997) A new heteronemertean from the Argentine coast of the Southern Atlantic. Hydrobiologia, 365, 215–222 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003133216280
  36. Norenburg, J., Chernyshev, A.V., Kajihara, H. & Maslakova, S. (2024) World Nemertea Database. Neolineus Santos, 1974. Available from: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=147945 (accessed 1 December 2024)
  37. Puerta, P., Andrade, C.S.C. & Junoy, J. (2010) Redescription of Lineus acutifrons Southern, 1913 (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) and comments on its phylogenetic position. Journal of Natural History, 44, 2363–2378 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.504895
  38. Rambaut, A. (2018) Figtree. Version 1.4.4. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. [program]
  39. Renier, A.S. (1804) Prospetto della Classe dei Vermi. [unpublished and unknown pagination]
  40. Santos, E.R. (1974) Nemertinos (Heteronemertini e Hoplonemertini do Brasil (Estado de São Paulo). Master’s Thesis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 66 pp.
  41. Serna de Esteban, C.J. & Moretto, H.J.A. (1968) Heteronemertea en la Bahía de Ushuaia. I. Parborlasia fueguina sp. nov. y Huilkia ushuaiensis gen. et sp. nov. Physis, 28, 171–181
  42. Serna de Esteban, C.J. & Moretto, H.J.A. (1969a) Heteronemertea en la bahía de Ushuaia: II Wiotkenia friedrichi gen. et sp. nov. Physis, 28, 171–181
  43. Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descrips, Pars II, Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 159–165 https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51447
  44. Schwartz, M.L. & Norenburg, J.L. (2005) Three new species of Micrura (Nemertea: Heteronemertea) and a new type of heteronemertean larva from the Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 528–543
  45. Vaillant, L. (1890) Lombriciniens, Hirudiniens, Bdellomorphes, Téretulariens et Planariens. Histoire naturelle des Annelks marin et d’eau douce, 3, 341–768.

How to Cite

Alfaya, J.E.F., Chernyshev, A.V., Arribas, L.P. & Bigatti, G. (2025) A new species of Euborlasia Vaillant, 1890 (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) from Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, 5636 (2), 327–340. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.2.6