Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5458 No. 1: 27 May 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-05-27
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.1.1
Page range: 1-52
Abstract views: 18
PDF downloaded: 0

Revision and Phylogeny of the Genus Phausis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with the Description of Three New Species

Integrated Taxonomic Information System; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; Washington; District of Columbia; USA
Department of Entomology and Nematology; University of Florida;Gainesville; Florida; USA
Coleoptera Lampyridae Phausis new species evolution of bioluminescence North America

Abstract

An updated revision of the firefly genus Phausis LeConte (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the first phylogenetic analysis of all assigned species is herein presented. This treatment includes the description of three new species (Phausis branhami sp. nov., Phausis christineae sp. nov., and Phausis milleri sp. nov.), designation of the neotype of Phausis reticulata (Say, 1825) and lectotype of Phausis inaccensa (LeConte, 1878), descriptions of male aedeagi, and a key to species. A phylogenetic analysis of 13 ingroup taxa and 2 outgroup taxa with a total of 67 morphological characters was also conducted. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis supports the monophyly of Phausis as presently defined and the evolution of adult bioluminescence as a derived character. A discussion of whether Lamprohiza splendidula (Linnaeus, 1767) should be assigned to Phausis LeConte is also presented.

 

References

  1. Blatchley, W.S. (1910) The Coleoptera or Beetles of Indiana. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, No. 1, 1–1386. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79314
  2. Branham, M.A. & Wenzel, J.W. (2003) The origin of photic behavior and the evolution of sexual communication in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Cladistics, 19, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2003.tb00404.x
  3. Bremer, K. (1994) Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics, 10, 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1994.tb00179.x
  4. Bremer, K. (1998) The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolution, 42, 795–803. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408870
  5. De Cock, R., Faust, L. & Lewis, S. (2014) Courtship and mating in Phausis reticulata (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Male flight behaviors, female glow displays, and male attraction to light traps. Florida Entomologist, 97 (4), 1290–1307. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0404
  6. Duval, J. (1859) Synopsis des Espѐces Européennes de Genre Lampyris. Glanures Entomologique, 1, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173925
  7. Faust, L.F. (2017) Fireflies, Glow-worms, and Lightning Bugs: Identification and Natural History of the Fireflies of the Eastern and Central United States of America and Canada. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia, 376 pp.
  8. Faust, L.F. & Forrest, T.G. (2017) Bringing light to the lives of the shadow ghosts, Phausis inaccensa (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). American Entomologist, 63 (3), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmx027
  9. Faust, L.F., Hughes, L.S., Zloba, M.H. & Farrington, H.L. (2019) Life history and updated range extension of Photinus scintillans (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with new Ohio records and regional observations for several firefly species. Ohio Biological Survey Notes, 9, 16–34.
  10. Fender, K.M. (1962) Lampyridae. In: Hatch, M.H. (Ed.), The Beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Vol. 16. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, pp. 41–43.
  11. Fender, K.M. (1966) The genus Phausis in America North of Mexico (Coleoptera-Lampyridae). Northwest Science, 40 (3), 83–95.
  12. Ferreira, V.S., Keller, O., Branham, M.A. & Ivie, M.A. (2019) Molecular data support the placement of the enigmatic Cheguevaria as a subfamily of Lampyridae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187, 1253–1258. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz073
  13. Ferreira, V.S., Keller, O. & Branham, M.A. (2020) Multilocus Phylogeny Support the Nonbioluminescent Firefly Chespirito as a New Seubfamily in the Lampyridae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa014
  14. Frick-Ruppert, J.E. & Rosen, J.J. (2008) Morphology and behavior of Phausis reticulata (Blue Ghost Firefly). Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 124 (4), 139–147.
  15. Goloboff, P. (1995) NONA. Version 2.0. Published by the author, Tucuman. [program]
  16. Green, J.W. (1948) Two new species of Lampyridae from Southern Florida, with a generic revision of the Nearctic fauna (Coleoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 74, 61–69.
  17. Green, J.W. (1956) Revision of the Nearctic species of Photinus (Lampyridae: Coleoptera). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 28 (15), 561–613.
  18. HeliconSoft Ltd. (2006) Helicon Focus Image Stacking Software Version 4.01. Available from: https://www.heliconsoft.com/ (accessed 29 April 2024)
  19. Hopping, R. (1937) New Coleoptera from Western Canada VI. The Canadian Entomologist, 69, 89–90. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent6989-4
  20. Horn, W. & Kahle, I. (1934) Sonderdruck von Entomolgishe Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem. Uber entomologische Sammlungen (ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Entomo-Museologie), Teil II, 3, 161–296.
  21. International Committee of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature c/o The Natural History Museum, London, 306 pp.
  22. Jeng, M.L. (2008) Comprehensive phylogenetics, systematics, and evolution of neoteny of Lampyridae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Ph.D Dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawerence, Kansas, 388 pp.
  23. Keller, O. & Branham, M.A. (2018) Miscellaneous notes on the fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in McDermott’s 1966 catalogue of Lampyridae II. Insecta Mundi, 0682, 1–4.
  24. Lacordaire, T. (1857) Famille XL. Malacordermes. Tribe II. Lampyrides. Histoire Naturelle de Insects. Genera de Coléoptères, 4, 304–341.
  25. LeConte, J.L. (1852) December 30th: Synopsis of the Lampyrides of Temperate North America: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 331–347.
  26. LeConte, J.L. (1878) Descriptions of new species. In: Hubbard, H.G. & Schwarz, E.A., The Coleoptera of Florida and Michigan. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 17 (101), pp. 593–669. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60253
  27. LeConte, J.L. (1881) Synopsis of the Lampyridae of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society and Proceeding of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 9 (1), 15–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/25076399
  28. LeConte, J.L. (1884) n.k. In: The Complete Writing of Thomas Say on the Entomology of North America. Vol. 2. S.E. Cassino & Company, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 273–304. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13257
  29. LeConte, J.L. (1885) Short studies of North American Coleoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of America, 12 (2), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/25076447
  30. Lloyd, J.E. (1965) Observations on the biology of three luminescent beetles (Coleoptera: Lampyridae, Elateridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58 (4), 588–585. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/58.4.588
  31. Lloyd, J.E. (1966) Studies on the flash communication system in Photinus fireflies. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 130, 66–69.
  32. Lloyd, J.E. (1971) Bioluminescent communication in insects 6004. Annual Review of Entomology, 16, 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.16.010171.000525
  33. Lloyd, J.E. (2002) Lampyridae Latreille 1817. In: Arnett Jr., R.H. & Thomas, M.C. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeodia through Curculionoidea. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 187–196.
  34. Lloyd, J.E. (2003) On research and entomological education VI: Firefly species and lists, old and now. The Florida Entomologist, 86 (2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0099:ORAEEV]2.0.CO;2
  35. Martin, G.J., Lord, N.P. Branham, M.A. & Bybee, S.M. (2015) Review of the firefly visual system (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and evolution of the genes underlying color vision (opsins). Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 15 (3), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-015-0212-z
  36. Martin, G.J., Branham, M.A., Whiting, M.F. & Bybee, S.M. (2017) Total evidence phylogeny and the evolution of adult bioluminescence in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107, 564–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.017
  37. Martin, G.J., Stanger-Hall, K.F., Branham, M.A., Da Silveira, L.F.L., Lower, S.E., Hall, D.W., Li, X.-Y., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M. & Bybee, S.M. (2019) Higher-Level phylogeny and reclassifcation of Lampyridae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 3 (6:11), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixz024
  38. Mawdsley, J.R. (1993) The entomological collection of Thomas Say. Psyche, 100, 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1155/1993/59616
  39. McDermott, F.A. & Buck, J.B. (1959) The lampyrid fireflies of Jamaica. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 85 (1), 1–112.
  40. McDermott, F.A. (1964) The taxonomy of the Lampyridae (Coleoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 90, 1–72.
  41. McDermott, F.A. (1966) Lampyridae. In: Steel, W.O. (Ed.) Coleopterum Catalogus Supplementa, Second edition. The Hague, Junk, pp. 1–149.
  42. MCZWeb (2010) MCZ Type Database at Harvard University, The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. WWW document. Available from: http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/mcz/ (accessed 5 January 2010)
  43. Motschulsky, V. (1853) Lampyrides. Etudes Entomologiques, 1, 25–58.
  44. Mulsant, M.E. (1862) Histoire Naturelle Coléoptѐres de France, Lyon (Mollipennes). Vol. 17. Magnin, Blanchard cie, et successeurs de Louis Janet, Paris, 440 pp., 4 pls. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51571
  45. Nixon, K.C. (2002) WinClada. Version 1.00.08. Published by the author, Ithaca, New York. [program]
  46. Nixon, K.C. & Wheeler, Q.D. (1990) An amplification of the phylogenetic species concept. Cladistics, 6, 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1990.tb00541.x
  47. Olivier, E. (1907) Coleoptera Family. Lampyridae. Wytsman Genera Insectorum, 53, 41–42.
  48. Olivier, E. (1910) Family Lampyridae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterum Catalogus. Pars 9. Wytsman Junk, Berlin, pp. 31–68.
  49. Olivier, E. (1911) Révision des Lampyrides. Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais et centre de La France, 24, 82–83.
  50. Poole, R.W. & Gentili, P. (1997) Cantharidae. In: Nomina Insecta Nearctica: A Checklist of the Insects of North America. Vol. 1. Coleoptera, Stresiptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, pp. 74–80.
  51. Porta, A. (1929) Fauna Coleopterum Italica. Vol. 3. Diversicornia. Stabilimento Tipografico, Piacenza, 466 pp.
  52. Portevin, G. (1931) LXIV Famillle: Cantharidae. In: Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptères de France. Tom. 2. Encylopédie Entomologique. Paul Lechevalier et Fils, Paris, pp. 398–401.
  53. Say, T. (1825) Descriptions of new species of Coleopterous insects inhabiting the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 160–204.
  54. South, A., Stanger-Hall, K., Jeng, M.-L. & Lewis, S. (2011) Correlated evolution of female neoteny and flightlessness with male spermatophore production in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Evolution, 64 (4), 1099–1113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01199.x
  55. Stanger-Hall, K., Lloyd, J.E. & Hillis, D.M. (2007) Phylogeny of North America fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Implications for the evolution of light signals. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45 (1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.013
  56. Swafford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinaurer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. [program]
  57. VanDyke, E.C. (1918) Some new beetles in the Families Cantharidae (Lampyridae), Ptinidae, and Scarabaeidae, from Western North America, notes upon others. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 13 (1), 1–6.
  58. Wentzel, H.W. (1896) Notes on Lampyridae with the description of a female and larva. Entomological News, 7, 294–296.