Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5428 No. 3: 22 Mar. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-03-22
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.3.1
Page range: 301-350
Abstract views: 4
PDF downloaded: 0

The Guardstone Spiders of the genus Scotinella (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) in the Southeastern United States

Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; New York; 10024; New York; U.S.A.
Laboratorio de Aracnología y Entomología; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C.; La Paz; 23096; Baja California Sur; México
Araneae Phrurolithus Phruronellus taxonomy North America

Abstract

Scotinella Banks is accepted as the valid name for the numerous North American phrurolithids with a knoblike femoral apophysis and a bifid retrolateral tibial apophysis on the male palp; Phruronellus Chamberlin is considered a junior synonym of Scotinella. The 20 species of Scotinella known to occur in the southeastern United States are revised. Seven specific names are transferred from Phrurolithus to Scotinella and considered valid: P. alatus Ivie & Barrows, P. apacheus Gertsch, P. banksi Gertsch, P. goodnighti Muma, P. pinturus Ivie & Barrows, P. similis Banks, and P. singulus Gertsch. Three specific names are newly synonymized: Phrurolithus absurdus Gertsch with S. floridae (Chamberlin & Gertsch), P. concisus Gertsch with S. alata (Ivie & Barrows), and P. pipensis Muma with S. banksi (Gertsch). The male allotype of S. singula belongs to S. goodnighti (Muma); the actual males of S. singula are newly described, as are those of S. apachea. Six new species are described: S. iviei sp. nov. and S. bennetti sp. nov. from Florida, S. gertschi sp. nov. from Florida and South Carolina, S. pennimani sp. nov. from Georgia, S. thurstoni sp. nov. from Louisiana and Mississippi, and S. coylei sp. nov. from Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.

 

References

  1. Banks, N. (1895) A list of the spiders of Long Island, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 3, 76–93.
  2. Banks, N. (1911) Some Arachnida from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 63, 440–456.
  3. Barnes, R.D. (1953) Report on a collection of spiders from the coast of North Carolina. American Museum Novitates, 1632, 1–21.
  4. Barrows, W.M. & Ivie, W. (1942) Some new spiders from Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science, 42, 20–23.
  5. Beatty, J.A. (2002) The spiders of Illinois and Indiana, their geographical affinities, and an annotated checklist. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 1, 77–94.
  6. Berry, J.W. (1970) Spiders of the North Carolina Piedmont old-field communities. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 86, 97–105.
  7. Bosselaers, J. & Jocqué, R. (2002) Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta, 31, 241–270. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00080.x
  8. Chamberlin, R.V. (1921) A new genus and a new species of spiders in the group Phrurolitheae. Canadian Entomologist, 53, 69–70. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent5369-3
  9. Chamberlin, R.V. & Gertsch, W.J. (1930) On fifteen new North American spiders. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 43, 137–144.
  10. Chamberlin, R.V. & Ivie, W. (1933) Spiders of the Raft River Mountains of Utah. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 23 (4), 1–79.
  11. Chamberlin, R.V. & Ivie, W. (1935) Miscellaneous new American spiders. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 26 (4), 1–79.
  12. Chamé-Vázquez, D., Ibarra-Núñez, G. & Jiménez, M.-L. (2018) Redescription of Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch & Davis, 1940 (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) and description of two new species of Phonotimpus from Mexico. Zootaxa, 4407 (2), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.2.3
  13. Chamé-Vázquez, D. & Jiménez, M.-L. (2022) A new spider of the genus Scotinella Banks, 1911 (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from Mexico and new combinations in Phrurolithidae. Zootaxa, 5099 (2), 286–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5099.2.8
  14. Chamé-Vázquez, D., Guzmán-García, C.E. & Maldonado-Carrizales, J. (2023). Two new species of Scotinella Banks, 1911 (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from Mexico, with a discussion on the female genitalic morphology and intraspecific variation. Zootaxa, 5351 (4), 453–466. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5351.4.3
  15. Dondale, C.D. & Redner, J.H. (1982) The sac spiders of Canada and Alaska: Araneae: Clubionidae and Anyphaenidae. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication, 1724, 1–194.
  16. Emerton, J.H. (1911) New spiders from New England. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 16, 383–407. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.35969
  17. Gertsch, W.J. (1935) New American spiders with notes on other species. American Museum Novitates, 805, 1–24.
  18. Gertsch, W.J. (1941) New American spiders of the family Clubionidae. I. American Museum Novitates, 1147, 1–20.
  19. Gertsch, W.J. & Davis, L.I. (1940) Report on a collection of spiders from Mexico. III. American Museum Novitates, 1069, 1–22.
  20. Gertsch, W.J. & Riechert, S.E. (1976) The spatial and temporal partitioning of a desert spider community, with descriptions of new species. American Museum Novitates, 2604, 1–25.
  21. Haddad, C.R., Jin, C., Platnick, N.I. & Booysen, R. (2021) Capobula gen. nov., a new Afrotropical dark sac spider genus related to Orthobula Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Trachelidae). Zootaxa, 4942 (1), 41–71. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.2
  22. Ivie, W. & Barrows, W.M. (1935) Some new spiders from Florida. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 26 (6), 1–24.
  23. Kaston, B.J. (1948) Spiders of Connecticut. State of Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 70, 1–874.
  24. Kaston, B.J. (1977) Supplement to the spiders of Connecticut. Journal of Arachnology, 4, 1–72.
  25. Kaston, B.J. (1981) Spiders of Connecticut, revised edition. State of Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 70, 1–1020.
  26. Koch, C.L. (1839) Die Arachniden. Band 6. Zeh’schen, Nürnberg, 156 pp.
  27. Levi, H.W. (1951) New and rare spiders from Wisconsin and adjacent states. American Museum Novitates, 1501, 1–41.
  28. Levi, H.W. & Levi, L. (1951) Report on a collection of spiders and harvestmen from Wyoming and neighboring states. Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society, 36, 219–237. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.184644
  29. Muma, M.H. (1945) New and interesting spiders from Maryland. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 58, 91–102.
  30. Muma, M.H. (1973) Comparison of ground surface spiders in four central Florida ecosystems. Florida Entomologist, 56, 173–196. https://doi.org/10.2307/3493122
  31. Penniman, A.J. (1978) Taxonomic and natural history notes on Phrurolithus fratrellus Gertsch (Araneae: Clubionidae). Journal of Arachnology, 6, 125–132.
  32. Penniman, A.J. (1985) Revision of the britcheri and pugnata groups of Scotinella (Araneae, Corinnidae, Phrurolithinae) with a reclassification of phrurolithine spiders. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1346165025 (accessed 25 September 2023)
  33. Petrunkevitch, A. (1910) Some new or little known American spiders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 19, 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1909.tb56918.x
  34. Platnick, N.I. & Shadab, M.U. (1975) A revision of the spider genus Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 155, 1–66.
  35. Platnick, N.I. (2019) The guardstone spiders of the Phrurotimpus palustris group (Araneae, Phrurolithidae). American Museum Novitates, 3944, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1206/3944.1
  36. Platnick, N.I., Chamé-Vázquez, D. & Ibarra-Núñez, G. (2022) The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa, 5219 (1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
  37. QGIS.org (2023) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: http://qgis.org (accessed 4 October 2023)
  38. Roddy, L.R. (1957) Some spiders from southeastern Louisiana. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 76, 285–295. https://doi.org/10.2307/3223892
  39. Roth, V.D. (1994) Spider genera of North America, with keys to families and genera, and a guide to literature. 3rd Edition. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville, Florida, 203 pp.
  40. Ubick, D. & Richman, D.R. (2005) Corinnidae. In: Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (Eds.), Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society, Stockton, California, pp. 79–82.
  41. World Spider Catalog (2023) World Spider Catalog. Version 24.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 10 October 2023)