Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5399 No. 3: 12 Jan. 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-01-12
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.3.1
Page range: 201-230
Abstract views: 139
PDF downloaded: 8

Systematic review of the genera Rhabdostyla Kent 1880 and Orborhabdostyla Foissner et al. 2010 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Epistylididae)

Laboratório de Protozoologia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Martelos; 36036-900; Juiz de Fora; Brazil
Laboratório de Protozoologia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Martelos; 36036-900; Juiz de Fora; Brazil
Laboratório de Protozoologia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Martelos; 36036-900; Juiz de Fora; Brazil
Protist epibionts peritrichs phylogeny Sessilida 18S-rDNA

Abstract

The genus Rhabdostyla is one of the oldest of the family Epistylididae, it was described over 120 years ago and has more than 40 species considered valid. This group went through several systematic changes throughout its existence and due to the lack of taxonomic information, said to be essential, for most species that compose it, some of these changes are still questioned. In order to better understand and validate the species and relationships identified for this genus, the present work makes a brief review for the genus Rhabdostyla and its related genera, Opisthostyla and Orborhabdostyla. A 18S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis was also performed to understand the relationship between these groups. As a result of this review, 45 diagnoses were compiled and reorganized for the current model, accompanied by new graphical representations for the species considered valid for the genus Rhabdostyla and its associates. The major changes that the genus underwent, such as synonymy and separation to a new genus, were discussed in light of new phylogenetic information, but despite this, other information is still needed for a better validation of these changes.

 

References

  1. Abrahão, D.P., Mello, J.L., Gorni, G. & Corbi, J.J. (2017) First report of Epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) living on larvae of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 60, 17160294. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2017160294
  2. Aescht, E. (2001) Denisia Catalogue of the generic names of ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Biologiezentrum Linz, Linz, 350 pp. [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/DENISIA_0001_0001-0350.pdf]
  3. Álvarez-Campos, P., Fernández-Leborans, G., Verdes, A., San Martín, G., Martin, D. & Riesgo, A. (2014) The tag-along friendship: Epibiotic protozoans and syllid polychaetes. Implications for the taxonomy of Syllidae (Annelida), and description of three new species of Rhabdostyla and Cothurnia (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 172, 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12168
  4. Lu, B., Shen, Z., Zhang, Q., Hu, X., Warren, A., & Song, W. (2020). Morphology and molecular analyses of four epibiotic peritrichs on crustacean and polychaete hosts, including descriptions of two new species (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). European journal of protistology, 73, 125670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125670
  5. Bütschli, O. (1889) Erster Band Protozoa. III. Abtheilung. Infusoria und System der Radiolaria. In: Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, Vol. I. Winter’sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig and Heidelberg, pp. 1089–2035.
  6. Cabral, A.F., Dias, R.J.P., Oliveira, V.C. de, Alves, R. da G. & D’Agosto, M. (2018) Rhabdostylid Ciliates (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Epistylididae) as Epibionts on Chironomid Larvae: Evidence of High Specificity and Association with Organic Pollution. Zoological Science, 35 (6), 514–520. https://doi.org/10.2108/ZS180026
  7. Cabral, A.F., Dias, R.J.P., Utz, L.R.P., Alves, R.G. & D’Agosto, M. (2010) Spatial and temporal occurrence of Rhabdostyla cf. chironomi Kahl, 1933 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) as an epibiont on chironomid larvae in a lotic system in the neotropics. Hydrobiologia, 644, 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10750-010-0202-2
  8. Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17, 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
  9. Cedrola, F., Senra, M.V.X., Rossi, M.F., Fregulia, P., D’Agosto, M. & Dias, R.J.P. (2020) Trichostomatid Ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Trichostomatia) Systematics and Diversity: Past, Present, and Future. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02967
  10. Clamp, J.C. & Lynn, D.H. (2017) Investigating the biodiversity of ciliates in the “Age of Integration”. European Journal of Protistology, 61, 314–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOP.2017.01.004
  11. Corbi, J.J., Abrahão, D.P., Mello, J.L.S. & Gorni, G.R. (2016) Record of Epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) living on larvae of Odonata from Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 77, 417–419. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.19115
  12. Cuénot, L. (1891) Contributions a la faune du bassin D’Arcachon (I) V.—Echinodermes. Bulletin de la Station Biologique D’Arcachon, 1891, 17–116.
  13. D’Udekem, J. (1864) Description des infusoires de la Belgique. Mémoires de l’Académie royale de Belgique, 34, 1–43 https://doi.org/10.3406/marb.1864.3559
  14. Dias, R.J.P., Cabral, A.F., Martins, R.T., Stephan, N.N.C., da Silva-Neto, I.D., Alves, R.D.G. & D’Agosto, M. (2009) Occurrence of peritrich ciliates on the limnic oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) in the neotropics. Journal of Natural History, 43, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802478644
  15. Dias, R.J.P., Cabral, A.F., Stephan, N.N.C., Martins, R.T., da Silva-Neto, I.D., Alves, R.G.R. & D’Agosto, M. (2007) Record of Rhabdostyla chironomi Kahl, 1933 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Epibiont on Chironomidae larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) in a lotic sytem in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 67 (4)783–785. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842007000400030
  16. Foissner, W. (1979a) Peritriche Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) Aus Alpinen Kleingewaessern. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 106, 529–558.
  17. Foissner, W. (1979b) Peritriche Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus alpinen Kleingewässern). Zoologische Jahrbücher (Systematik), 106, 529–558.
  18. Foissner, W., Berger, H. & Kohmann, F. (1992) Taxonomische und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems. Band II: Peritrichia, Heterotrichida, Odontostomatida. Informationsberichte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft, 5, 1–502.
  19. Foissner, W., Blake, N., Wolf, K., Breiner, H. & Stoeck, T. (2010) Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Peritrichs (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from Tank Bromeliads, Including Two New Genera: Orborhabdostyla and Vorticellides. Acta Protozoologica, 48, 291–319.
  20. Foissner, W., Moon-Van Der Staay, S.Y., Van Der Staay, G.W.M., Hackstein, J.H.P., Krautgartner, W.D. & Berger, H. (2004) Reconciling classical and molecular phylogenies in the stichotrichines (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), including new sequences from some rare species. European Journal of Protistology, 40, 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOP.2004.05.004
  21. Fokin, S.I. (2004) A brief history of ciliate studies (late XVII the first third of the XX century). Protistology, 3, 283–296.
  22. Gouy, M., Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2010) Sea view version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27, 221–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp259
  23. Green, J. (1974) Parasites and epibionts of Cladocera. The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 32, 417–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1974.tb00031.x
  24. Hensen, V. (1911) Das leben im ozean nach zahlungen seiner bewohner: übersicht und resultate der quantitativen untersuchungen. Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung 5. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel und Leipzig. [unknown pagination]
  25. Huang, J.B., Zhang, T., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Warren, A., Pan, H. & Yan, Y. (2018) Further insights into the highly derived haptorids (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Phylogeny based on multigene data. Zoologica Scripta, 47, 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/ZSC.12269
  26. Jiang, C., Shi, X., Liu, G., Jiang, Y. & Warren, A. (2016) Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Freshwater Peritrich Ciliates, Epistylis chlorelligerum Shen 1980 and Epistylis chrysemydis Bishop and Jahn 1941 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 63, 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12243
  27. Kahl, A. (1935) Peritrichia und Chonotricha. Untiere Order Protozoa, 1935, 651–885.
  28. Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30, 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
  29. Kent, W.S. (1881) A Manual of the Infusoria: Including a Description of All Known Flagellate, Ciliate, and Tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and Foreign, and an Account of the Organization and the Affinities of the Sponges. Vol. 1. D. Bogue, London, x + 472 pp.
  30. Korschelt, E. (1906) Zoologischer Anzeiger. Vol. 30. Zugleich Organ Der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 912 pp.
  31. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  32. Liu, W., Jiang, J., Xu, Y., Pan, X., Qu, Z., Luo, X., El-Serehy, H.A., Warren, A., Ma, H. & Pan, H. (2017) Diversity of free-living marine ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora): Faunal studies in coastal waters of China during the years 2011–2016. European Journal of Protistology, 61, 424–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2017.04.007
  33. Lu, B., Shen, Z., Zhang, Q., Hu, X., Warren, A. & Song, W. (2020) Morphology and molecular analyses of four epibiotic peritrichs on crustacean and polychaete hosts, including descriptions of two new species (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). European Journal of Protistology 73, 125670. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOP.2019.125670
  34. Lust, S. (1950) Symphorionte Peritrichen auf Käfern und Wanzen. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Systematik, 79, 353–436.
  35. Lynn, D.H. (2008) n.k. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6 (11), 951–952.
  36. Lynn, D.H. (2008) The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature. 3rd Edition. Springer, Dordrecht, 598 pp.
  37. Miao, W., Fen, W.-S., Yu-He, Y., Xi-Yuan, Z. & Yun-Fen, S. (2004) Phylogenetic Relationships of the Subclass Peritrichia (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) Inferred from Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 51 (2), 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00069.x
  38. Müller, O.F. (1786) Animalcula infusoria fluvialia et marina, quae detexit, systematice descripsit et ad vivum delineari curavit Otho Fridericus Muller...sistit opus hoc posthumum quod... in lucem tradit vidua eius nobilissima, cura Othonis Fabricii.
  39. Nenninger, U. (1948) Die Peritrichen der Umgebung von Erlangen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Wirtsspezifität. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 77, 169–266.
  40. Penard, E. (1922) Infusoires d’eau douce. Georg et Cie, Genève, 331 pp.
  41. Perty, M. (1852) Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen: nach Bau, Funktionen, Systematik, mit Specialverzeichniss der in der Schweiz beobachteten. Verlag von Jent & Reinert, Bern, 228 pp.
  42. Petroni, G., Dini, F., Verni, F. & Rosati, G. (2002) A Molecular Approach to the Tangled Intrageneric Relationships Underlying Phylogeny in Euplotes (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22, 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1006/MPEV.2001.1030
  43. Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: Phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25, 1253–1256. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083
  44. Precht, H. (1935) Epizoen der Kieler Bucht. Nova Acta Leopolina, 3, 405–474.
  45. Righi, G. (1973) On Pristina minuta (Oligochaeta, Naididae) from Brazilian soil and its epizoic Rhabdostyla pristinis sp. n. (Ciliata, Epistylidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 191, 295–299.
  46. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology, 61, 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/SYSBIO/SYS029
  47. Smith, M.E. (1986) Distribution Patterns and Seasonal Occurrence of Rhabdostyla sp. (Peritricha: Epistylididae) on Dero nivea (Oligochaeta: Naididae). American Midland Naturalist, 116, 348. https://doi.org/10.2307/2425743
  48. Song, W. (1986) Descriptions of Seven New Species of Peritrichs on Penaeus Orientalis (Peritrichida: Zoothamnidae, Epistylididae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 11, 225–235.
  49. Stiller, J. (1971) n.k. In: Szájkoszorús csillósok-peritricha. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, pp. 23–73
  50. Stokes, A.C. (1886) Notices of New Fresh-Water Infusoria. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 23, 562–568.
  51. Stokes, A.C. (1887) Notices of new American Fresh-water Infusoria. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 7, 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2818.1887.TB01561.X
  52. Stokes, A.C. (1889) VII.—Notices of New Peritrichous Infusoria from the Fresh Waters of the United States. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 9, 477–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2818.1889.TB05858.X
  53. Sun, P., Clamp, J.C. & Xu, D. (2010) Analysis of the secondary structure of ITS transcripts in peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea): Implications for structural evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.030
  54. Vďačný, P., Bourland, W.A., Orsi, W., Epstein, S.S. & Foissner, W. (2011) Phylogeny and classification of the Litostomatea (Protista, Ciliophora), with emphasis on free-living taxa and the 18S rRNA gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 510–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMPEV.2011.02.016
  55. Wang, Z., Zhou, T., Guo, Q.Q. & Gu, Z. (2017) Description of a New Freshwater Ciliate Epistylis wuhanensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from China, with a Focus on Phylogenetic Relationships within Family Epistylididae. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 64, 394–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12375
  56. Warren, A. (1986) A revision of the genus Vorticella (Ciliophora: Peritrichida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 50, 1–57. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.18297
  57. Warren, A., Patterson, D.J., Dunthorn, M., Clamp, J.C., Achilles-Day, U.E.M., Aescht, E., Al-Farraj, S.A., Al-Quraishy, S., Al-Rasheid, K., Carr, M., Day, J.G., Dellinger, M., El-Serehy, H.A., Fan, Y., Gao, F., Gao, S., Gong, J., Gupta, R., Hu, X., Kamra, K., Langlois, G., Lin, X., Lipscomb, D., Lobban, C.S., Luporini, P., Lynn, D.H., Ma, H., Macek, M., Mackenzie-Dodds, J., Makhija, S., Mansergh, R.I., Martín-Cereceda, M., McMiller, N., Montagnes, D.J.S., Nikolaeva, S., Ong’ondo, G.O., Pérez-Uz, B., Purushothaman, J., Quintela-Alonso, P., Rotterová, J., Santoferrara, L., Shao, C., Shen, Z., Shi, X., Song, W., Stoeck, T., La Terza, A., Vallesi, A., Wang, M., Weisse, T., Wiackowski, K., Wu, L., Xu, K., Yi, Z., Zufall, R. & Agatha, S. (2017) Beyond the “Code”: A Guide to the Description and Documentation of Biodiversity in Ciliated Protists (Alveolata, Ciliophora). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 64, 539–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12391
  58. Zacharias, O. (1903) Forschungsberichte aus der Biologischen Station zu Plön. Nägele, Stuttgart. [unknown pagination]
  59. Zhang, Q., Yi, Z., Fan, X., Warren, A., Gong, J. & Song, W. (2014) Further insights into the phylogeny of two ciliate classes Nassophorea and Prostomatea (Protista, Ciliophora). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 70, 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMPEV.2013.09.015
  60. Zhuang, Y., Clamp, J.C., Yi, Z. & Ji, D. (2018) Phylogeny of the families Zoothamniidae and Epistylididae (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Peritrichia) based on analyses of three rRNA-coding regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 118, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.023