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Issue: Vol. 5346 No. 5: 21 Sept. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5346.5.1
Page range: 501-531
Abstract views: 514
PDF downloaded: 228

Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae)

Entomology Section; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; 900 Exposition Boulevard; Los Angeles; CA 90007 USA; Division of Natural Sciences; Pasadena City College; 1570 East Colorado Boulevard; Pasadena; CA 91106 USA
Institute of Biology; Carleton University; 1125 Colonel By Drive; Ottawa; Canada; K1S 5B6
Department of Entomology; California Academy of Sciences; 55 Music Concourse Drive; San Francisco; CA 94188 USA
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut Hartford; 10 Prospect Street; Hartford; CT 06103 USA
Department of Biochemistry; University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Drive; La Jolla; CA 92093 USA
Division of Natural Sciences; Pasadena City College; 1570 East Colorado Boulevard; Pasadena; CA 91106 USA
Hemiptera Tibicinoides Okanagana Clidophleps Okanagodes Subpsaltria Tibicina California floristic province rapid radiation protoperiodical taxonomy

Abstract

Tibicinoides, with three small endemic California cicada species, has a confusing, intertwined systematic history with Okanagana that we unravel here. An ingroup including all species of Tibicinoides and the majority (84.7%) of Okanagana species were sampled for six gene regions, polarized with Clidophleps, Okanagodes, Subpsaltria, and Tibicina outgroups, and subjected to Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Although the ingroup was monophyletic from all outgroups including Tibicina, Tibicinoides rendered Okanagana paraphyletic among two major ingroup clades. To bring classification into agreement with phylogeny, we redescribe and redefine Tibicinoides to include all Okanagana species with a hooked uncus in the male genitalia, all of which grouped with the type T. cupreosparsa (Uhler, 1889) in the first of these clades: T. boweni (Chatfield-Taylor & Cole, 2020) comb. n., T. catalina (Davis, 1936) comb. n., T. hesperia (Uhler, 1876) comb. n., T. mercedita (Davis, 1915), T. minuta (Davis, 1915), T. pallidula (Davis, 1917a) comb. n., T. pernix (Bliven, 1964) comb. n., T. rubrovenosa (Davis, 1915) comb. n., T. simulata (Davis, 1921) comb. n., T. striatipes (Haldeman, 1852) comb. n., T. uncinata (Van Duzee, 1915) comb. n., T. utahensis (Davis, 1919) comb. n., and T. vanduzeei (Distant, 1914) comb. n. Okanagana is redescribed and restricted to the species of the second major clade which contained the type O. rimosa (Say, 1830). We describe two new genera for morphologically distinct orphan lineages: Chlorocanta gen. nov. for C. viridis (Davis, 1918) comb. n. and Hewlettia gen. nov. for H. nigriviridis (Davis, 1921) comb. n. We recognize O. rubrobasalis Davis, 1926 stat. rev. as a species and relegate two former species to junior subjective synonyms: O. noveboracensis (Emmons, 1854) = O. canadensis (Provancher, 1889) and O. occidentalis (Walker in Lord, 1866) = O. lurida Davis, 1919. Tibicinoides and Okanagana together represent a rapid radiation that presents challenges to phylogenetic analysis including suboptimal outgroups and short internodes.

 

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