Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5326 No. 1: 11 Aug. 2023
Type: Monograph
Published: 2023-08-11
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5326.1.1
Page range: 1-66
Abstract views: 255
PDF downloaded: 32

Integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Phaselia Guenée, [1858] (Geometridae: Ennominae) in the Middle East and Central Asia

University of Hohenheim; Systematic Entomology (190n); Garbenstr. 30; D-70599 Stuttgart; Germany; State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart; Entomology; Rosenstein 1; D-70191 Stuttgart; Germany
SNSB-ZSM; Bavarian State Collection of Zoology; Münchhausenstr. 21; D-81247 Munich; Germany
Zoological museum; Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University; Volodymyrska str. 60; UA-01601 Kyiv; Ukraine
University of Hohenheim; Systematic Entomology (190n); Garbenstr. 30; D-70599 Stuttgart; Germany; State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart; Entomology; Rosenstein 1; D-70191 Stuttgart; Germany
State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart; Entomology; Rosenstein 1; D-70191 Stuttgart; Germany
Lepidoptera Caucasus DNA barcoding genital preparation new records new species new subspecies

Abstract

In the past, the high intraspecific variation of wing pattern within the genus Phaselia Guenée, [1858] repeatedly led to misidentifications. In this study, we applied an integrative approach using external and internal morphological characters, along with DNA barcoding and distribution data to review the taxonomy of the genus Phaselia in the Middle East and Central Asia. For this study, 710 specimens, including type specimens and 242 genitalia slides were prepared and examined. As a result, P. phaeoleucaria (Lederer, 1855) stat. rev. is reinstated from synonymy of P. serrularia; P. phaeoleucaria shurensis Wehrli 1941 comb. nov. is regarded as a subspecies of P. phaeoleucaria stat. rev. instead of a subspecies of P. serrularia; P. serrularia catharia Wehrli, 1941 syn. nov. is regarded as a junior synonym of P. phaeoleucaria shurensis comb. nov.; P. narynaria Oberthür, 1913 syn. nov. is regarded as a junior synonym of P. serrularia (Eversmann, 1847); P. pithana Wehrli, 1941 bona sp. is raised to species level from subspecies of P. serrularia. Furthermore, two species and two subspecies are described as new to science: P. smettboi sp. nov., P. sihvoneni sp. nov., P. erika jonubi ssp. nov. and P. erika sindhi ssp. nov. Wing pattern, and both male and female genitalia of all discussed taxa are illustrated, their distribution patterns are shown on a map and CO1 data is evaluated to confirm our taxonomic decisions.

 

References

  1. Caveney, S., Charlet, D.A., Freitag, H., Maier‐Stolte, M. & Starratt, A.N. (2001) New observations on the secondary chemistry of world Ephedra (Ephedraceae). American Journal of Botany, 88 (7), 1199–1208. https://doi.org/10.2307/3558330
  2. Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 142, 1–32.
  3. Erschoff, N. (1870) Bemerkungen über einige von E. Eversmann aufgestellte Lepidopteren-Species. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Tome XLIII (3–4), p. 317
  4. Evenhuis, N.L. (2007) The Insect and Spider Collections of the world website of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii. Available from: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/ (accessed 17 June 2022)
  5. Eversmann, E. (1847) Lepidoptera Quaedam nova Rossiae et Siberiae Indigena descripsit et delineavit. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 20 (2), 66–83.
  6. Guenée, A. (1858) In: Boisduval, J.A. & Guenée, A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Spécies général des lépidoptères 9. Uranides et Phalénites. Tome I. Libraire Encyclopédique deRoret, Paris, 9, pp. 228. [1857]
  7. Hajibabaei, M., Singer, G.A., Hebert, P.D. & Hickey, D.A. (2007) DNA barcoding: how it complements taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. TRENDS in Genetics, 23, 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.001
  8. Hausmann, A. (1996) Two new geometrid species from the Middle East (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Spixiana, 22, 3–10.
  9. Hausmann, A., Kravchenko, V. & Müller, G. (2020) The Lepidoptera of Israel. Vol. 3. Geometridae. Proceedings of the Museum Witt Munich, 2020, pp. 1–256.
  10. Hausmann, A. & Sihvonen, P. (2019) Revised, annotated systematic checklist of the Geometridae of Europe and adjuscent areas. Vols. 1–6. In: Hausmann, A., Rajaei, H., Shivonen, P. & Skou, P. (Eds.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol 6. Brill Leiden and Boston, pp. 795–871. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485_001
  11. Hausmann, A., Stadie, D. & Fiebig, R. (2016) Family Geometridae Leach [1815]. In: Hacker, H.H. (Ed.), Systematic and Illustrated Catalogue of the Macroheterocera and Superfamilies Cossoidea Leach, [1815], Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809, Thyridoidea Herrich-Schaffer, 1846 and Hyblaeoidea Hampson, 1903 of the Arabian Peninsula, with a survey of their distribution (Lepidoptera). Esperiana, 20 (1), pp. 7–742.
  12. Hebert, P.D., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L. & Dewaard, J.R. (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 270, 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218
  13. Ivanova, N.V., Dewaard, J.R. & Hebert, P.D. (2006) An inexpensive, automation‐friendly protocol for recovering high‐quality DNA. Molecular ecology notes, 6, 998–1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01428.x
  14. Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
  15. Klots, A. & Tuxen, S.L. (1970) s.n. In: Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia of Insects-Lepidoptera. Scandinavian University Books, Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 115–130.
  16. Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6), 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
  17. László, G.M., Lödl, M., Gaal-Haszler, S., Galsworthy, A., Ronkay, G., Ronkay, L., & Varga, Z. (2018) The Vartian Collection Part IV. Geometridae. Fibigeriana. Vol. 4. Heterocera Press, Budapest, pp. 1–166.
  18. Lederer, J. (1855) Weiterer Beitrag zur Schmetterlings-Fauna des Altaigebirges in Sibirien. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 5, 97–120.
  19. Müller, B., Erlacher, S., Hausmann, A., Rajaei, H., Shivonen, P. & Skou, P. (2019) Subfamily Ennominae II. In: Hausmann, A., Rajaei, H., Shivonen, P. & Skou, P. (Eds.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 6. Brill Leiden, Boston, pp. 1–906. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004387485
  20. Oberthür, C. (1913) Études de lépidoptérologie comparée, 4. Imprimerie Oberthür, Rennes, 691 pp.
  21. Prout, L.B. (1912–1916) Die spannerartigen Nachtfalter. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 4. A. Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 1–479.
  22. Rajaei, H., Aarvik, L., Arnscheid, W.R., Baldizzone, G., Bartsch, D., Bengtsson, B. Å, Bidzilya, O., Buchner, P., Buchsbaum, U., Buszko, J., Dubatolov, V.V., Erlacher, S., Esfandiari, M., Freina, J. de, Gaedike, R., Gyulai, P., Hausmann, A., Haxaire, J., Hobern, D., Hofmann, A., Ignatev, N., Kaila, L., Kallies, A., Keil, T., Kiss, Á., Kitching, I. J., Kun, A., László, G. M., Leraut, G., Mally, R., Matov, A., Meineke, J-U., Melichar, T., Mey, W., Mironov, V., Müller, B., Naderi, A., Nässig, W. A., Naumann, S., Nazari, V., Nieukerken, E. J. van, Nuss, M., Pöll, N., Prozorov, A.M., Rabieh, M.M., Rákosy, L., Rindoš, M., Rota, J., Rougerie, R., Schintlmeister, A., Shirvani, A., Sihvonen, P., Simonsen, T. J., Sinev, S. Yu., Skou, P., Sobczyk, T., Sohn, J.-C., Tabell, J., Tarmann, G., Tokár, Z., Trusch, R., Varga, Z., Volynkin, A.V., Wanke, D., Yakovlev, R.V., Zahiri, R., Zehzad, P., Zeller, H.C., Zolotuhin, V.V. & Karsholt, O. (2023) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Iran. In: Rajaei, H. & Karsholt, O. (Eds.), Lepidoptera Iranica. Integrative Systematics, 6 (Special Issue), pp. 121–459. https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.7
  23. Rajaei, H., Hausmann, A., Scoble, M., Wanke, D., Plotkin, D., Brehm, G., Murillo-Ramos, L. & Sihvonen, P. (2022) An online taxonomic facility of Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with an overview of global species richness and systematics. Integrative Systematics, 5 (2), 145–192. https://doi.org/10.18476/2022.577933
  24. Robinson, G.S. (1976) The preparation of slides of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to the Microlepidoptera. Entomologist’s gazette, 27, 127–132.
  25. Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4, 406–425.
  26. Schmidt, O. (2017) Comparison of the structure and musculature of male terminalia in the tribes Operophterini, Phileremini and Triphosini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae). Zootaxa, 4237 (2), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.8
  27. Schwingenschuss, L. (1936) s.n. In: Zerny, H. & Schwingenschuss, L. (Eds.), Die Lepidopterenfauna des Grossen Atlas in Marokko und seiner Randgebiete. Mémoire Societé Sciènce natutalia Physica Marocco, 42, pp. 87.
  28. Scoble, M.J. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World: A Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vols. 1 & 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria and Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1200 pp. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643101050
  29. Scoble, M.J. & Hausmann, A. (2007) Online list of valid and available names of the Geometridae of the World. Updated. Available from: http://www.herbulot.de/globalspecieslist.htm (accessed 30 July 2022)
  30. Staudinger, O. (1871) Catalog der Lepidopteren des europaeischen Faunengebiets. I. Macrolepidoptera. Dr. O. Staudinger, Dresden, 426 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9475
  31. Staudinger, O. (1901) Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes. 1. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, 411 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120482
  32. Stecher, G., Tamura, K. & Kumar, S. (2020) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) for macOS. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37 (4), 1237–1239. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz312
  33. Turati, E. (1930) Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Milano, 69, 94, pl. 2.
  34. Turati, E. & Krüger, G. (1936) Contributi alla fauna cirenaica. Novità di Lepidotterologia. Memoire della Società Entomologia Italiana, 15 (1), 72, pl. 11, fig. 17, (Boarmia)
  35. Viidalepp, J. (1996) Check List of the Geometridae of the Former USSR. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 111 pp.
  36. Wanke, D., Hausmann, A., Krogmann, L., Petrányi, G., Rajaei, H. (2020) Taxonomic revision of the genus Nychiodes Lederer, 1853 (Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) with description of three new species—an integrative approach. Zootaxa, 4812 (1), 1–61. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4812.1.1
  37. Wanke, D., Hausmann, A. & Rajaei, H. (2019) An integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Triphosa Stephens, 1829 (Geometridae: Larentiinae) in Middle East and Central Asia, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 4603 (1), 39–65. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.2
  38. Wehrli, E. (1939–1954) Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 4. Supplement. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 254–766.
  39. Wiltshire, E.P. (1966) Österreichische entomologische Iran-Afghanistan-Expeditionen, Beiträge zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 10, Subfamilien Larentiinae und Ennominae (sensu lato) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Middle East Lepidoptera XXIII. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 51, 144–152.