Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2022-09-01
Page range: 1-83
Abstract views: 282
PDF downloaded: 20

The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species

Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Neuroptera Chrysopinae taxonomy distribution South Asia Oriental region

Abstract

A review of the present knowledge on the taxonomy and distribution of the green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from Pakistan is presented. So far, 19 species are known to occur in Pakistan including three species newly recorded, i.e., Italochrysa aequalis (Walker, 1853), Italochrysa everetti (van der Weele, 1909), and Tumeochrysa indica Needham, 1909. In addition, there are five undetermined species of Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966 not determined in this paper. We here describe/re-describe 16 species of the 24 Pakistani green lacewing species. Two new combinations are proposed: Apertochrysa murreensis (Tjeder, 1963) comb. nov., and Apertochrysa vartianorum (Hölzel, 1973) comb. nov. The genus Tumeochrysa Needham, 1909 is recorded for the first time in Pakistan. Identification keys are provided to all known genera and species that occur in Pakistan. Additionally, for each species, taxonomic notes, diagnosis, a complete list of synonyms, and distribution maps are provided.

 

References

  1. Ari, I., Aktaş, M. & Kiyak, S. (2007) Notes on the Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) Fauna of Ardahan, Igdir and Kars Provinces of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 31, 201–208. [BotN ref#12341]
    Aslam, M. & Razaq, M. (2007) Arthropod fauna of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea from Southern Punjab (Pakistan). Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 24, 49–50. https://doi.org/10.3954/1523-5475-24.2.49
    Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Hölzel, H. (1980) Die Neuropteren Europas. Eine zusam-menfassende Darstellung der Systematik, Ökologie und Chorologie derNeuropteroidea (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Planipennia) Europas. Vol. I & II. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 495pp. & 335 pp. [BotN ref#6747]
    Aspöck, H., Hölzel, H. & Aspöck, U. (2001) Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpaläarktis. Denisia, 2, 1–606. [BotN ref#9847]
    Atta, B., Rizwan, M., Sabir, A.M., Ayub, M.A., Akhtar, M.F., Ayyub, M.B. & Nadeem, S. (2019) Comparative incidence and abundance of aphids and their associated predators on canola in Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 41, 147–152.
    Banks, N. (1933) Entomological investigations on the spike disease of sandal (9). Neuroptera. Indian Forest Records, 18, 1–4. [BotN ref#88]
    Brauer, F. (1851) Beschreibung und beobachtung der österreichischen Arten der Gattung Chrysopa. Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, gesammelt und durch subscription herausgegeben von Wilhelm Haidinger, 4, 1–12. [BotN ref#1658]
    Breitkreuz, L., Duelli, P. & Oswald, J.D. (2021a) Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae). Zootaxa, 4966 (2), 215–225. [BotN ref#18980] https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.8
    Breitkreuz, L., Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Winterton, S.L., Engel, M.S. (2021b) Phylogeny of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), with emphasis on morphological trait evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2021 zlab024. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab024
    Brooks, S.J. (1984) A redefinition of the Italochrysini (Chrysopidae), with the description of a new genus from Nigeria. Neuroptera International, 3, 79–88. [BotN ref#1734]
    Brooks, S.J. (1994) A taxonomic review of the common green lacewing genus Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Entomology Series, 63, 137–210. [BotN ref#7592]
    Brooks, S.J. & Barnard, P.C. (1990) The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 59, 117–286. [BotN ref#6991]
    Canard, M. & Thierry, D. (2014) The distribution of Chrysoperla mutata (McLachlan, 1898) and Chrysoperla pudica (Navás, 1914) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Entomofauna, 35, 405–412. [BotN ref#15513]
    Costa, A. (1855) Ricerche entomologiche sopra I monti Partenii. Stamperie e Calcografia, Napoli, 29 pp. [BotN ref#7873]
    Dobosz, R., Khabiev, G.N. & Krivokhatsky, V.A. (2016) Pseudomallada venosus (Rambur, 1838)—a green lacewing new to Russia—and some new faunistic data on lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Mantispidae) from Dagestan. Acta Entomologica Silesiana, 24, 1–6. [BotN ref#16045]
    Dobosz, R., Japoshvili, G., Krivokhatsky, V.A. & Wąsala, R. (2018) Contributions to the knowledge of neuropterid insects (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Georgia (Sakartvelo). Part II. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 26 (online 006), 1–21. [BotN ref#18017]
    Dobosz, R. & Popov, A. (2018) New data about the distribution of Neuropterida in Bulgaria and Romania. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 27 (online 001), 1–39. [BotN ref#18337]
    Dong, K.Z., Li, W.Z., Cui, J.Z. & Yang, X.K. (2004) Three new species of Dichochrysa (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with a checklist of Chinese Dichochrysa. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 52, 67–74. [BotN ref#12337]
    Duelli, P., Henry, C.S., Hayashi, M., Nomura, M. & Mochizuki, A. (2017) Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Pseudomallada (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), one of the largest genera within Chrysopidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 180, 556–569. [BotN ref#16187] https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw008
    Engel, M.S., Winterton, S.L. & Breitkreuz, L.C.V. (2018) Phylogeny and evolution of Neuropterida: where have wings of lace taken us? Annual Review of Entomology, 63, 531–551. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043127
    Esben-Petersen, P. (1935) Myrmeleontidae and Chrysopidae. Karakorum Zoologie, 1, 233–235. [BotN ref#2276]
    Gerstaecker, A. (1893) Über neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm. Mitt[h]eilungen aus dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen, 25, 93–173. [BotN ref#2559]
    Ghosh, S.K. & Sen, S. (1977) Check-list of Indian Planipennia (Order Neuroptera). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 73, 277–326. [BotN ref#2592]
    Ghosh, S.K. (1976a) Chrysopa (Chrysoperla) gujaratensis n. sp. from India (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 7, 74–75. [BotN ref#2568] https://doi.org/10.1163/187631276X00126
    Ghosh, S.K. (1976b) A new species of Chrysopa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from India. Entomon: Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesamte Insektenkunde, 1, 189–191. [BotN ref#2570]
    Ghosh, S.K. (1977) A new species of Chrysopa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from India. Entomon: Internationale Zeitschrift für die gesamte Insektenkunde, 2, 103–104. [BotN ref#2572]
    Ghosh, S.K. (1981) A new species of the genus Italochrysa Principi (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from India. Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India, 3, 145–146. [BotN ref#2580]
    Ghosh, S.K. (1985) Insecta: Neuroptera. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 82, 69–71. [BotN ref#2588]
    Ghosh, S.K. (1988) Contribution to the taxonomical studies of Neuroptera (suborder Planipennia) from eastern India. II. Family Ascalaphidae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 85, 163–191. [BotN ref#9656]
    Ghosh, S.K. (1990) Contribution to the taxonomical studies of Neuroptera. (Suborder Planipennia) from Eastern India. III. Family Chrysopidae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 86, 329–354. [BotN ref#9484]
    Ghosh, S.K. (1991) Interesting species of Neuroptera from Himachal Pradesh. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 89, 89–94. [BotN ref#9490]
    Ghosh, S.K. (2000) Neuroptera fauna of North-East India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 184, i–xiii + 1–179. [BotN ref#11664]
    Hassan, M.A., Oswald, J.D., Zia, A. & Liu, X.Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686, 497–541. [BotN ref#18759] https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4.3
    Henry, C.S., Brooks, S.J., Duelli, P. & Johnson, J.B. (2006) Courtship song of the South African lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): evidence for a trans-equatorial geographic range? Journal of Natural History, 40, 2173–2195. [BotN ref#12318] https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930601088107
    Henry, C.S., Brooks, S.J., Johnson, J.B., Venkatesan, T. & Duelli, P. (2010) The most important lacewing species in Indian Agricultural crops, Chrysoperla sillemi (Esben-Petersen), is a subspecies of Chrysoperla zastrowi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of Natural History, 44, 2543–2555. [BotN ref#13785] https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2010.499577
    Henry, C.S., Brooks, S.J., Johnson, J.B., Mochizuki, A. & Duelli, P. (2014) A new cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from western Asia: parallel speciation without ecological adaptation. Systematic Entomology, 39, 380–393. [BotN ref#15525] https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12061
    Henry, C.S., Brooks, S.J., Johnson, J.B., Mochizuki, A., Mirmoayedi, A. & Duelli, P. (2018) Distinctive but functionally convergent song phenotypes characterize two new allopatric species of the Chrysoperla carnea-group in Asia, Chrysoperla shahrudensis sp. nov. and Chrysoperla bolti sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of Natural History, 52 (25–26), 1603–1635. [BotN ref#18340] https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1478011
    Hölzel, H. (1967) Die Neuropteren Vorderasiens II. Chrysopidae. Beiträge zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland, 26, 19–45. [BotN ref#2956]
    Hölzel, H. (1971) Remarks on Mongolian Chrysopidae with description of a new species (Planipennia, Chrysopidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 31, 101–104. [BotN ref#2966]
    Hölzel, H. (1973a) Some new Anisochrysa-species from Anterior Asia (Planipennia, Chrysopidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 33, 194–200. [BotN ref#2974]
    Hölzel, H. (1973b) Neuroptera aus Nepal I. Chrysopidae. Khumbu Himal, 4, 333–388. [BotN ref#2972]
    Hölzel, H. (1974) Neue Chrysopidenarten aus dem Iran (Planipennia). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 25, 41–46. [BotN ref#2977]
    Hölzel, H. (1978) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Suarius Navás: Die Arten des nanus-Komplexes (Planipennia, Chrysopidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 30, 3–12. [BotN ref#2983]
    Hölzel, H. (1980) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Neuroptera: Fam. Chrysopidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 2, 164–173. [BotN ref#2984]
    Hölzel, H. (1980b) Planipennia aus den zentralen und westlichen Teilen der Mongolei mit Bemerkungen zur Synonymie mongolischer Chrysopiden (Ergebnisse der Mongolisch-Deutschen Biologischen Expeditionen seit 1962, Nr. 95). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 56, 191–194. [BotN ref#2986]
    Hölzel, H. (2002) Neuroptera collected by the German Yemen expeditions 1996, 1998 und 2000 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Berothidae, Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Esperiana, 9, 129–146. [BotN ref#11294]
    Irshad, M. (2001) Aphids and their biological control in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4, 537–541. [BotN ref#13550] https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2001.537.541
    Khan, H.A.A., Sayyed, A.H., Akram, W., Raza, S. & Ali, M. (2012) Predatory potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri larvae on different stages of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis: a threat to cotton in South Asia. Journal of Insect Science, 12, 1–12. [BotN ref#16269] https://doi.org/10.1673/031.012.14701
    Kuwayama, S. (1962) Chrysopidae from Shansi, North China (Neuroptera). Mushi, 36, 9–15. [BotN ref#3530]
    Lacroix, J.L. (1912) Faune névroptérique de l’Algérie et de la Tunisie. I. Deux espèces nouvelles. Insecta, Rennes, 2, 202–206. [BotN ref#3547]
    Lacroix, J.L. (1913) Contribution a l’étude des Névroptères de France. Troisième [III] liste. Variétés nouvelles. Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, 43, 98–103 + 105–110. [BotN ref#7438]
    Lacroix, J.L. (1915) Formes nouvelles de chrysopides [Névr]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1915, 229–231. [BotN ref#3557] https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1915.25797
    Lacroix, J.L. (1933) Notes névroptérologiques. XI. Revue Mensuelle de la Société Entomologique Namuroise, 33, 146–152. [BotN ref#3603]
    Leach, W.E. (1815) Entomology. In: Brewster, D. (Ed.), Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 9 (Pt. 1), pp. 57–172. [BotN ref#3657]
    McLachlan, R. (1875a) Setchatokrylye (Neuroptera). In: Fedtschenko, A.P. (Ed.), Puteshestvie v Turkestan. Vypusk 8. Vol. II. Zoogeograficheskiia izsliedovania. Chast V.S.-Peterburg, Moskva, pp. ii + 1–60. [in Russian, BotN ref#361]
    McLachlan, R. (1875b) Setchatokrylye (Neuroptera). In: Fedchenko, A.P. (Ed.), Puteshestvie v Turkestan. Vypusk 8. Tom II. Zoogeograficheskiia izsliedovania. Chast V. Vol. 2. Pt. 5. Moskva, St. Peterburg, pp. 60. [BotN ref#361]
    McLachlan, R. (1887) Insecta in itinere Cl. N. Przewalskii in Asia centrali novissime lecta. XII. Neuroptera II. Perlides, Planipennes et Trichoptères. HoraeSocietatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 21, 448–457. [BotN ref#380]
    McLachlan, R. (1893) On species of Chrysopa observed in the eastern Pyrenees; together with descriptions of, and notes on, new or little-known Palaearctic forms of the genus. Transactions of the [Royal] Entomological Society of London, 1893, 227–234. [BotN ref#387]
    McLachlan, R. (1898) Neuroptera-Planipennia collected in Algeria by the Rev. A.E. Eaton. Transactions of the [Royal] Entomological Society of London, 46, 151–168. [BotN ref#389] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1898.tb02372.x
    Monserrat, V.J. & Pantaleoni, R.A. (2020) Sobre el género Chrysopa Leach, 1815 de la Península Ibérica y Baleares (Insecta, Neuroptera: Chrysopdae). Graellsia, 76 (e114), 1–33. [BotN ref#19045] https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2020.v76.265
    Nasir, M. M. (1946 [1947]) Chrysopa cymbele Banks and its two new varieties. Indian Journal of Entomology, 8, 119–120. [BotN ref#4416]
    Nasreen, A., Iqbal, M., Mustafa, G. & Ashfaq, M. (2004) Effect of different combinations of host (Sitotroga cerealella) and predator eggs on larval life of Chrysoperla carnea. Pakistan Entomologist, 26, 101–108. [BotN ref#12830]
    Navás, L. (1904) Notas zoológicas. I. Las Chrysopas (Insectos Neurópteros) de Chamartín de la Rosa (Madrid). Boletín de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 3, 115–122. [BotN ref#1178]
    Navás, L. (1905) Notas neuropterológicas. VI. Neurópteros de Montserrat. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d'Història Natural, Series 1, 5, 11–21. [BotN ref#1186]
    Navás, L. (1908) Neurópteros de España y Portugal. Brotéria, Zoológica, 7, 5–131. [BotN ref#490] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8177
    Navás, L. (1909) Sur une Chrysopa nouvelle d’Espagñe (Neur.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, 1909, 793–794. [BotN ref#4610] https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019090616
    Navás, L. (1910) Crisópidos (Ins. Neur.) nuevos. Brotéria, Zoológica, 9, 38–59. [BotN ref#505]
    Navás, L. (1910b) Névroptères des bords de la Meuse et de la Molignée (Namur). Revue Mensuelle de la Société Entomologique Namuroise, 10, 74–76. [BotN ref#1202]
    Navás, L. (1910c) Crisópidos nuevos ó poco conocidos [I?]. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 9, 473–480. [BotN ref#506]
    Navás, L. (1910d) Notes entomologicas (2. a serie). Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d'Història Natural, 9, 168–169 + 240–248. [BotN ref#515]
    Navás, L. (1911a) Notas entomológicas. [2.a serie]. 3. Excursiones por los alrededores de Granada. Boletín de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, 10, 204–211. [BotN ref#534]
    Navás, L. (1911b) Chrysopides nouveaux (Ins. Neur.). Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles, 35 (Pt. 2), 266–282. [BotN ref#525]
    Navás, L. (1912) Insectos Neurópteros nuevos. In: Verhandlungen des VIII Internationalen Zoologen-kongresses (held in Graz, 15-20 August 1910). Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 746–751. [BotN ref#548]
    Navás, L. (1913a) Mis excursiones por el extranjero en el verano de 1912 (25 Julio–16 Septiembre). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 10, 479–514. [BotN ref#574]
    Navás, L. (1913b) Neuroptera asiatica. I series. Revue Russe d’Entomologie, 13, 271–284. [BotN ref#575]
    Navás, L. (1913c) Névroptères de Barbarie. Première [I] série. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, 4, 212–219. [BotN ref#578]
    Navás, L. (1914) Quelques Névroptères recueillis par le Dr. Malcolm Burr en Transcaucasie. Revue Russe d'Entomologie [Русское Энтомологическое Обозрение; =Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie], 14, 211–216. [BotN ref#624]
    Navás, L. (1915a) Quelques Névroptères de Tunisie recuillis par le Dr. Théodore Steck. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 12, 367–371. [BotN ref#646]
    Navás, L. (1915b) Neue Neuropteren. Erste [I] and Zweite [II] Serie. Entomologische Mitteilungen, 4, 146–153 + 194–202. [BotN ref#633]
    Navás, L. (1915c) Crisòpids d'Europa (Ins. Neur.). Arxius de l'Institut de Ciències, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Secció de Ciències, 3, 1–99. [BotN ref#4645]
    Navás, L. (1915d) Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos. Quinta [V] Serie. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 11, 455–480. [BotN ref#639]
    Navás, L. (1915e) 1913–1915 Materiali per una fauna dell'arcipelago Toscano. IX. Algunos Neurópteros de la lsla del Giglio. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genoa, 46, 276–278. [BotN ref#598]
    Navás, L. (1916a) Neurópteros nuevos de España (Segunda [II] serie). Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 14, 593–601. [BotN ref#655]
    Navás, L. (1916b) Excursions entomològiques al nort de la provincia de Lleida. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, Series 1, 16, 150–158. [BotN ref#1222]
    Navás, L. (1917a) Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Octava [VIII] serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 13, 155–178. [BotN ref#673]
    Navás, L. (1917b) Comunicaciones entomológicas. 2. Excursiones entomológicas per Aragón y Navarra. Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza, Series 1, 2, 81–91. [BotN ref#665]
    Navás, L. (1918a) Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos. Décima [X] Serie. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 14, 339–366. [BotN ref#693]
    Navás, L. (1918b) Insecta nova. IV Series. Memorie dell’Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome, Series 2, 4, 13–23. [BotN ref#689]
    Navás, L. (1919a) Once Neurópteros nuevos españoles. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomologica de España, 2, 48–56. [BotN ref#708]
    Navás, L. (1919b) Excursiones entomológicas por Cataluña durante el verano de 1918. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 15, 181–214. [BotN ref#700]
    Navás, L. (1919c) A contribution to the knowledge of the neuropterous insects of Algeria. Novitates Zoologicae, 26, 283–290. [BotN ref#711] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.5637
    Navás, L. (1926) Névroptères d’Egypte et de Palestine. 2me and 3me partie. Bulletin de la Société [Royale] Entomologique d’Egypte, 10, 26–62 + 192–216. [BotN ref#818]
    Navás, L. (1927–1928 [1927]) Névroptères de la Chine. Arkiv för Zoologi, 19, 1–5. [BotN ref#830]
    Navás, L. (1928) Risultati zoologici della missione inviata dalla R. Società Geografica Italiana per l'esplorazione dell'oasi di Giarabub (1926–1927). Insectos de la Cirenaica. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 52, 461–464. [BotN ref#4855]
    Navás, L. (1929a) Insectes Névroptères et voisins de Barbarie. Septième [VII] série. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, 20, 57–60. [BotN ref#854]
    Navás, L. (1929b) Insecta orientalia. VI Series. Memorie dell'Accademia Pontifica dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome, Series 2, 12, 33–42. [BotN ref#851]
    Navás, L. (1930) Comunicaciones entomológicas. 12. Insectos de la India 2.a serie. Revista de la Academia Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragosa, Series 1, 13, 29–48. [BotN ref#873]
    Navás, L. (1931a) Insectos del Museo de París. 8.a série. Brotéria, Zoológica, 27, 114–136. [BotN ref#900]
    Navás, L. (1930 [1931b]) Excursió entomològica a la vall de Noguera de Cardós (Lleida). Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d'Història Natural, Series 2, 10, 156–169. [BotN ref#876]
    Navás, L. (1931c) [Décadas de insectos nuevos.] Decada 1–3. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 26, 60–86. [BotN ref#892]
    Navás, L. (1931d) [Décadas de insectos nuevos.] Decada 3. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid, 26, 79–86. [BotN ref#894]
    Navás, L. (1932a) Missione scientifica del Prof. E. Zavattari nel Fezzan (1931). Neurotteri e affini. Bollettino della Societá Entomologica Italiana, 64, 110–114. [BotN ref#922]
    Navás, L. (1932b) Décadas de insectos nuevos. Decada 21. Brotéria, Ciências Naturais, 28, 109–119. [BotN ref#911]
    Navás, L. (1932c) Décadas de insectos nuevos. Década 19. Brotéria, Ciências Naturais, 28, 62–73. [BotN ref#909]
    Navás, L. (1932d) Spedizione scientifica al Oasi di Cufra (Marzo-Luglion 1931). Insetti Neurotteri ed affini. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 55, 409–421. [BotN ref#921]
    Navás, L. (1932 [1933a]) Fáunula de Sobradiel (Zaragoza). Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza, Series 1, 16, 11–28. [BotN ref#931]
    Navás, L. (1933b) Neurotteri e Tricotteri del “Deutsches Entomologisches Institut” di Berlino Dahlem. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 65, 105–113. [BotN ref#941]
    Navás, L. (1934a) Névroptères et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, Sixième Série, 1, 1–8. [BotN ref#960]
    Navás, L. (1934b) Insectos de Berbería. Serie 10.a. Boletín de la Sociedad Ibérica de Ciencias Naturales, 31, 106–112. [BotN ref#4899]
    Navás, L. (1940) Neurópteros nuevos o críticos. In: VI Congreso Internacional de Entomología, Madrid, 6–12 de septiembre de 1935. Vol. 1 [of 2]. Laboratorio de Entomología del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, pp. 97–102. [BotN ref#987]
    Needham, J.G. (1909) Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 3, 185–210. [BotN ref#4425]
    Okamoto, H. (1919) Die synonymische Liste der japanischen Chrysopiden mit der Beschreibung der neuen Arten. Entomological Magazine, Kyoto, 4, 1–10. [BotN ref#4990]
    Oswald, J.D. (2022) Bibliography of the Neuropterida. Lacewing Digital Library, Research Publication No. 2. Version 11 to Version 12.13. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/Biblio/Main (accessed 20 July 2022)
    Oswald, J.D. (2022) Neuropterida Species of the World. Lacewing Digital Library, Research Publication No. 1. Version 6 to Version 7.1. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main (accessed 20 July 2022)
    Oswald, J.D. (chief editor). (2022) Lacewing Digital Library. Available from; https://lacewing.tamu.edu (accessed 20 July 2022)
    Oswald, J.D. (2022) World Neuropterida Metakey. Lacewing Digital Library, Research Publication No. 5. Version 1 to Version 1.11. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/Metakey/Main (accessed 20 July 2022) Pongracz, S.X. (1912) Magyarország Chrysopái alak-és rendszertani tekintetben. Állattani Közlemenyek, 11, 161–221, 259–261. [BotN ref#5192]
    Pongracz, S.X. (1913) Ujabb adatok Magyarország Neuroptera-faunájához. Rovartani Lapok Budapest, 20, 175–186. [BotN ref#5193]
    Principi, M.M. (1946) Contributi allo studio dei Neurotteri Italiani. IV. Nothochrysa italica Rossi. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della Università degli Studi di Bologna, 15, 85–102. [BotN ref#5242]
    Rambur, M.P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref#5314]
    Rambur, M.P. (1837–1840 [1838]) Faune entomologique de l’ Andalousie. Vol. 2. Bertrand, Paris, 1 unpaginated plate. [BotN ref#5313]
    Rashid, M.M., Khattak, M.K., Abdullah, K., Amir, M., Tariq, M. & Nawaz, S. (2012) Feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2, 639–664.
    Sarwar, M. (2014) The propensity of different larval stages of lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to control aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) evaluated on Canola Brassica napus L. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 36, 143–148. [BotN ref#17690]
    Sattar, M., Abro, G.H. & Syed, T.S. (2011) Effect of different hosts on biology of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in laboratory conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 43, 1049–1054. [BotN ref#14203]
    Sattar, M., Fatima, B., Ahmed, N. & Abro, G.H. (2007) Development of larval artificial diet of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 39, 103–107. [BotN ref#12948]
    Saeed, R. & Razaq, M. (2015) Effect of Prey Resource on the Fitness of the Predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 47 (1), 103–109. [BotN ref#16924]
    Schneider, W.G. (1851) Symbolae ad monographiam generis Chrysopae, Leach. Sexaginta picturarum tabulis, in lapide acudelineatis, quarum quinquaginta quatuor Coloribus impressae sunt, illustratae. Editio Major. Ferdinandum Hirt, Vratislaviae, 178 pp. [BotN ref#5579]
    Schneider, W.G. [as: G.T.] (1851) Symbolae ad monographiam generis Chrysopae, Leach. Quinque tabulis, in lapide acu delineatis illustratae. Editio Minor. Ferdinandum Hirt, Vratislaviae, 175 pp. [BotN ref#13964]
    Séméria, Y. (1980) Une sous-espèce nouvelle de Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Planipennia, Chrysopidae): nanceiensis ssp. nov. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse, 1980, 29–30. [BotN ref#5664]
    Stange, L.A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1–565. [BotN ref#11168]
    Stein, J.P.E.F. (1863) Beitrag zur Neuropteren-fauna Griechenlands (mit Berücksichtigung dalmatinischer Arten). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 7, 411–422. [BotN ref#5850] https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.47918630310
    Steinmann, H. (1964) The Chrysopa species (Neuroptera) of Hungary. Annales Historico Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici Budapest, 56, 257–266. [BotN ref#5855]
    Steinmann, H. (1965) Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Neuroptera). 60. Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae. Reichenbachia, 7, 179–190. [BotN ref#5857]
    Steinmann, H. (1968) Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Neuroptera). 140. Chrysopidae und Hemerobiidae II. Reichenbachia, 11, 87–96. [BotN ref#5860]
    Steinmann, H. (1971) Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Neuroptera). 217. Chrysopidae und Hemerobiidae III. Reichenbachia, 13, 251–262. [BotN ref#5861]
    Stephens, J.F. (1836) Illustrations of British Entomology. Vol. 6. Mandibulata. Baldwin and Cradock, London, 240 pp. [BotN ref#5863]
    Talpur, M.A. & Khuhro, R.D. (2004) Relative occurrence and abundance of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) and their predators on rainbow and oscar canola varieties. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 7, 215–219. [BotN ref#11415] https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60218-6
    Tauber, C.A., Tauber, M.J., Albuquerque, G.S. (2009) Neuroptera (Lacewings, Antlions). In: Resh, V.H. & Cardé, R.T. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Insects. 2nd Edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 695–707. [BotN ref#14628] https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374144-8.00190-9
    Tillier, P., Thierry, D., Dobosz, R. & Canard, M. (2014) Chrysopa gibeauxi (Leraut, 1989): reinstatement as valid species and remarks on its distribution (Neuropterida, Chrysopidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 119, 521–528. [BotN ref#15692] https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.2014.2435Tjeder, B. (1936) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche expedition nach den nordwestlichen provinzen Chinas, unter leitung von Dr. Sven Hedin und Prof. Sü Ping chang. Insekten gesammelt vom schwedischen arzt der expedition Dr. David Hummel, 1927–1930. 62. Neuroptera. Arkiv för Zoologi, 29A, 1–36. [BotN ref#249]
    Tjeder, B. (1940) Die arthropodenfauna von Madeira nach den Ergebnissen der Reise von Prof. Dr. O. Lundblad Juli-August 1935. XVI. Neuroptera. Arkiv för Zoologi, 31A, 1–58. [BotN ref#255]
    Tjeder, B. (1949) Two new Chrysopidae from Palestine (Neur.). Opuscula Entomologica, 14, 81–84. [BotN ref#266]
    Tjeder, B. (1963) A new Chrysopa from Pakistan (Neur. Chrysopidae). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 84, 125–8. [BotN ref#6047]
    Tjeder, B. (1966) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 5. Family Chrysopidae. In: Hanström, B., Brinck, P. & Rudebec, G. (Eds.), South African Animal Life. Vol. 12. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm, pp. 228–534. [BotN ref#6049]
    Tsukaguchi, S. (1995) Chrysopidae of Japan (Insecta, Neuroptera). Privately printed, Osaka, 223 pp. [BotN ref#8409]
    Walker, F. (1853) Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Newman, London: 284 [pp. 193–476] [BotN ref#6194]
    Wesmael, C. (1841) Notice sur les Hémérobides Belgique. Bulletins de l’Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 8, 203–221. [BotN ref#6250]
    Winterton, S.L. & Brooks, S.J. (2002) Phylogeny of the Apochrysine green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Apochrysinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 95, 16–28. [BotN ref#10215] https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0016:POTAGL]2.0.CO;2
    Winterton, S.L. & de Freitas, S. (2006) Molecular phylogeny of the green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Australian Journal of Entomology, 45, 235–243. [BotN ref#11810] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2006.00537.x
    Winterton, S.L., Gillung, J.P., Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Badano, D., Breitkreuz, L., Duelli, P., Engel, M.S., Liu, X.Y., Machado, R.J.P., Mansell, M., Mochizuki, A., Penny, N.D., Tauber, C.A. & Oswald, J.D. (2019) Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): an anchored phylogenomics approach. Systematic Entomology, 44, 514–526. [BotN ref#18512] https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12347
    Yang, D., Liu, X.Y. & Yang, X.K. (2018) Species Catalogue of China. Vol. 2. Animals, Insecta (II), Neuropterida. Science Press, Beijing, 104 pp. [BotN ref#18122]
    Yang, X.K. (1997) Catalogue of the Chinese Chrysopidae (Neuroptera). Serangga, 2, 65–108. [BotN ref#8956]
    Yang, X.K., Yang, C.K. & Li, W.Z. (2005) Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Vol. 39. Neuroptera: Chrysopidae. Science Press, Beijing, xiii + 398 pp., 4 pls. [in Chinese, with English summary] [BotN ref#12339]