Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2021-10-15
Page range: 395-405
Abstract views: 624
PDF downloaded: 241

Two new species of Bimastos (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) from the Southern Appalachian Mountains, North America

Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA.
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA.
Southern Research Station, US Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA
Annelida Earthworm North American native species Fire regime Male pores Bimastos

Abstract

Two new species of Bimastos Moore are described based on morphological and molecular data. Bimastos nanae n. sp. resembles B. lawrenceae Fender, B. zeteki (Smith and Gittins) and B. welchi (Smith). Bimastos nanae n. sp. differs from these species in the position of the clitellum, size and number and position of thickened septa. Bimastos magnum n. sp. is similar to B. schwerti Csuzdi & Chang and B. palustris Moore in having a fully annular clitellum and male pores on huge porophores. Bimastos magnum n. sp. differs from both species by having a more posterior position of the clitellum (in xxiv-xxxiii, xxxiv) and larger body size. With the description of these new species, the number of Bimastos species is raised to 14.

 

References

  1. Bouché, M.B. (1975) La reproduction de Spermophorodrilus albanianus nov. gen. nov. sp. (Lumbricidae) explique- t-elle la fonction des spermatophores? Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 102, 1–11.
    Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J.M. & Gabaldón, T. (2009) trimAl: A tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics, 25, 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348
    Carpenter, D.O., Taylor, M.K., Callaham, M.A., Hiers, J.K., Loudermilk, E.L., O’Brien, J.J. & Wurzburger, N. (2021) Benefit or liability? The ectomycorrhizal association may undermine tree adaptations to fire after long-term fire exclusion. Ecosystems, 24, 1059–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00568-7
    Certini, G., Moya, D., Lucas-Borja, M.E. & Mastrolonardo, G. (2021) The impact of fire on soil-dwelling biota: A review. Forest Ecology and Management, 488, 118989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118989
    Csuzdi, C., Chang, C.H., Pavlícek, T., Szederjesi, T., Esopi, D. & Szlávecz, K. (2017) Molecular phylogeny and systematics of native North American lumbricid earthworms (Clitellata: Megadrili). PloS one, 12 (8), e0181504. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181504
    Damoff, G.A. & Reynolds, J.W. (2017) Diplocardia deborahae, a new earthworm species (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae) from Eastern Tennessee, USA. Megadrilogica, 22, 229–237.
    Domínguez, J., Aira, M., Breinholt, J.W., Stojanovic, M., James, S.W. & Pérez-Losada, M. (2015) Underground evolution: New roots for the old tree of lumbricid earthworms. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 83, 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.024
    Fender, W.M. (1995) Native earthworms of the Pacific Northwest: An ecological overview. In: Hendrix, P.F. (Ed.), Earthworm ecology and biogeography in North America. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 52–66.
    Fender, W.M. & McKey-Fender, D. (1990) Oligochaeta: Megascolesidae and other earthworms from Western North America. In: Dindal, D.L. (Ed.), Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, pp. 357–378.
    Flatley, W.T., Lafon, C.W., Grissino-Mayer, H.D. & LaForest, L.B. (2013) Fire history, related to climate and land use in three southern Appalachian landscapes in the eastern United States. Ecological Applications, 23, 1250–1266. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1752.1
    Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
    Gates, G.E. (1969) On two American genera of the earthworm family Lumbricidae. Journal of Natural History, 3, 305–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936900770261
    Ikeda, H., Callaham, M.A., O’Brien, J.J., Hornsby, B.S. & Wenk, E.S. (2015) Can the invasive earthworm, Amynthas agrestis, be controlled with prescribed fire? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 82, 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.12.011
    Ikeda, H., Callaham, M.A., Shefferson, R.P., Wenk, E.S. & Fragoso, C. (2020) A comparison of latitudinal species diversity patterns between riverine and terrestrial earthworms from the North American temperate zone. Journal of Biogeography, 47, 1373–1382. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13826
    James, S.W. (1995) Systematics, biogeography and ecology of earthworms from eastern, central, southern and southwestern USA. In: Hendrix, P.F. (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 29–51.
    Jolly, W.M., Cochrane, M.A., Freeborn, P.H., Holden, Z.A., Brown, T.J., Williamson, G.J. & Bowman, D.M.J.S. (2015) Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013. Nature Communications, 6, art. 7537. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8537
    Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
    Kimura M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
    Kozlov, A.M., Darriba, D., Flouri, T., Morel, B. & Stamatakis, A. (2019) RAxML-NG: A fast, scalable and user-friendly tool for maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics, 35, 4453–4455. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz305
    Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
    Lafon, C.W., Naito, A.T., Grissino-Mayer, H.D., Horn, S.P. & Waldrop, T.A. (2017) Fire history of the Appalachian region: A review and synthesis. General Technical Report, SRS-219, 97. https://doi.org/10.2737/SRS-GTR-219
    Lemoine, F., Domelevo Entfellner, J.-B., Wilkinson, E., Correia, D., Dávila Felipe, M., De Oliveira, T. & Gascuel, O. (2018) Renewing Felsenstein’s phylogenetic bootstrap in the era of big data. Nature, 556, 452–456. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0043-0
    Luna-Vega, I. & Contreras-Medina, R. (2010) Plant biodiversity hotspots and biogeographic methods. In: Rescigno, V. & Maletta, S. (Eds.), Biodiversity Hotspots. Nova Science Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 181–191.
    Martin, C.H. & Richards, E.J. (2019) The paradox behind the pattern of rapid adaptive radiation: How can the speciation process sustain itself through an early burst? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 50, 569–593. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443
    McKey-Fender, D., Fender, W.M. & Marshall, V.G. (1994) North-American earthworms native to Vancouver-Island and the Olympic Peninsula. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie, 72, 1325–1339. https://doi.org/10.1139/z94-176
    Michaelsen, W. (1899) Die Lumbriciden-fauna Nordamerikas. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 28, 421–454.
    Michaelsen, W. (1900) 10. Lieferung. Oligochaeta. In: J.W. Spengel (Ed.), Vermes. In: Schulze, F.E. (Ed.), Das Tierreich. Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1–575.
    Milanovich, J.R., Peterman, W.E., Nibbelink, N.P. & Maerz, J.C. (2010) Projected loss of a salamander diversity hotspot as a consequence of projected global climate change. PLoS one, 5, e12189. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012189
    Moore, H.F. (1893) Preliminary account of a new genus of Oligochaeta. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 16, 333–334.
    Moore, H.F. (1895) On the structure of Bimastos palustris, a new oligochaete. Journal of Morphology, 10, 473–496.
    Mršić, N. (1990) Description of a new subgenus, three new species and taxonomic problems of the genus Allolobophora sensu Mršić & Šapkarev 1988 (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta). Bioloski vestnik Lubljana, 38, 46–68.
    Mršić, N. (1991) Monographs of Earthworms on the Balkans I-II. SAZU, Ljubljana, 757 pp.
    Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
    Novo, M., Almodóvar, A., Fernández, R., Trigo, D. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2010) Cryptic speciation of hormogastrid earthworms revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 507–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.010
    Omodeo, P. (1956) Contributo alla revisione dei Lumbricidae. Archivio Zoologico Italiano, 41, 129–212.
    Omodeo, P. & Rota, E. (1989) Earthworms of Turkey. Italian Journal of Zoology, 56, 167–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250009109355749
    Pérez-Losada, M., Ricoy, M., Marshall, J.C. & Domínguez, J. (2009) Phylogenetic assessment of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa species complex (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.003
    Pop, V. (1941) Zur phylogenie und systematik der lumbriciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 74, 487–522.
    R Core Team (2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. [program]
    Reynolds, J.W. (1977) The earthworms (Lumbricidae and Sparganophilidae) of Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, Ontario, 141 pp.
    Reynolds, J.W. (2017a) Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae) in the Piedmont ecoregion, USA. Megadrilogica, 22, 87–96.
    Reynolds, J.W. (2017b) Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae) in the Central Appalachians Ecoregion, USA. Megadrilogica, 22, 52–60.
    Smith, F. (1917) North American earthworms of the family Lumbricidae in the collections of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 52, 157–182.
    Smith, F. & Gittins, E.M. (1915) Two new species of Lumbricidae from Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 10, 545–550.
    Tripp, E.A., Lendemer, J.C. & McCain, C.M. (2019) Habitat quality and disturbance drive lichen species richness in a temperate biodiversity hotspot. Oecologia, 190, 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04413-0
    Wallace, I.M., O’Sullivan, O., Higgins, D.G. & Notredame, C. (2006) M-Coffee: Combining multiple sequence alignment methods with T-Coffee. Nucleic Acids Research, 34, 1692–1699. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl091
    Yu, G., Smith, D.K., Zhu, H., Guan, Y. & Lam, T.T. (2017) ggtree: an R package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12628
    Zicsi, A. (1981) Probleme der Lumbriciden-Systematik sowie die Revision zweier Gattungen (Oligochaeta). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 27, 431–442.