Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2021-09-15
Page range: 179-200
Abstract views: 434
PDF downloaded: 33

Key to Ptychopteridae (Diptera) larvae of Northern Europe, with notes on distribution and biology

Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
SBHconsult ApS, Selskovvej 8, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark.
Aquatic Insects Expert Group of Finland, Merikasarminkatu 8D53, FI-0016 Helsinki, Finland.
Aquatic Insects Expert Group of Finland, Merikasarminkatu 8D53, FI-0016 Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsoevej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
Diptera Geographical distribution habitats key larvae Northern Europe Ptychopteridae

Abstract

A key to larvae of Ptychopteridae (phantom crane flies) is provided for species inhabiting Northern Europe. The key encompasses seven species, including the previously undescribed larvae of Ptychoptera longicauda (Tonnoir 1919). Larval specimens examined were primarily sampled from sites in Denmark. Larvae were associated with correctly identified adults based on DNA barcode (COI) sequence. In the development of the key, a wide suite of morphological characteristics were examined and evaluated for their utility to separate species. Current distribution maps are provided for all species occurring within Northern Europe. Based on records of larvae from Denmark and Finland, notes on larval habitats are given. We also present flight periods for all species examined during this study. Finally, the status of the enigmatic species Ptychoptera obscura (Peus 1958) is briefly discussed.

 

References

  1. Andersen, T., Hagenlund, L.K., Håland, Ø., Kvifte, G.M. & Skartveit, J. (2013) New records of lower Diptera (“Nematocera”) from Finnmark. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 60, 182–189.
    Andersson, H. (1997) Diptera Ptychopteridae, Phantom Crane Flies. In: Nilsson, A.N. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of North Europe, A Taxonomic Handbook. Vol. 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 193­–207.
    Anderson, N.H. & Cargill, A.S. (1987) Nutritional ecology of aquatic detritivorous insects. In: Slansky, F. (Jr.) & Rodriquez, J.G. (Eds.), Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, Spiders, and Related Invertebrates. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, pp. 903–925.
    Brindle, A. (1966) Taxonomic notes on the larvae of British Diptera no. 24 – revisional notes. Entomologist, 99, 225–227.
    Courtney, G.W., Pape, T., Skevington, J.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (2009) Biodiversity of Diptera. In: Foottit, R. & Adler, P. (Eds.), Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Blackwell Publishing, Chichester, pp. 185–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444308211.ch9
    Falk, S.J. & Chandler, P.J. (2005) A review of the scarce and threatened flies of Great Britain. Part 2: Nematocera and Aschiza not dealt with by Falk (1991). In: Species Status. Vol. 2. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 1–189.
    Fasbender, A. (2014) Phylogeny and diversity of the phantom crane flies (Diptera: Ptychopteridae). Graduate Theses and Dissertations 14133, Iowa State University, Ames, ‎Iowa‎, 855 pp. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14133 (accessed 8 June 2021)
    Fasbender, A. (2017) Ptychopteridae (Phantom Crane Flies or Fold-wing Crane Flies). In: Spriggs, K.-A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 653−657.
    Fasbender, A. & Courtney, G.W. (2017) A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera). Zootaxa, 4309 (1), 1−69. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4309.1.1
    Hansen, S.B. (1979) Livscyklus, drift og produktion hos 2 udvalgte dipter-familier i Fønstrup Bæk, Nordsjælland. MS Thesis, Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 61 pp., tables/figures. [in Danish]
    Hansen, S.B. (1982) Key to larvae of Danish Ptychopteridae (Diptera; Nematocera), with notes on habitat preferences. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 49, 59−64. [in Danish]
    Hargrave, B.T. (1976) The central role of invertebrate feces in sediment decomposition. In: Anderson, J.M. & MacFayden, A. (Eds.), The Role of Terrestrial and Aquatic Organisms in Decomposition Processes. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 301−321
    Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111−120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
    Krzeminski, W. & Zwick, P. (1993) New and little known Ptychopteridae (Diptera) from the Palearctic region. Aquatic Insects, 15, 65−87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650429309361504
    Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547−1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
    Lanfear, R. & Chao, K.-H. (2021) sangeranalyseR: a suite of functions for the analysis of Sanger sequence data in R. Available from: https://bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/manuals/sangeranalyseR/man/sangeranalyseR.pdf (accessed 8 June 2021)
    Marxsen, J. & Witzl, K.-P. (1990) Measurements of exoenzymatic activity in streambed sediments using methylumbelliferyl-substances. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Beihefte Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 34, 21−28.
    Mattingly, R. (1988) Resource utilization by the freshwater deposit feeder Ptychoptera townesi (Diptera, Ptychopteridae). Freshwater Biology, 18, 241−253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01311.x
    Oboňa. J., Dvorák, L., Haenni, J.-P., Manko, P., Hrivniak, L. & Papyan, L. (2017) New records of Diptera families Anisopodidae, Bibionidae, Dixidae, Ptychopteridae and Scatopsidae from Armenia. Spixiana, 40, 61−67.
    Paramonov, N.M. (2013) New records of Ptychopteridae (Diptera) from Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor. Studia dipterologica, 20, 279­−283.
    Peeters, K. & Oosterbroek, P. (2015) Langpootmuggen en aanverwante families van Nederland, Belgie en Luxemburg. Tabel P: Ptychopteridae (Glansmuggen). Available from: http://ccw.naturalis.nl/documents/13_Tabel_P_Peeters_en_Oosterbroek,_2015.pdf (accessed 8 June 2021)
    Peus, F. (1958) 10b, Liriopeidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fleigen der Palaearktischen Region, 3 (1), Lief. 200, pp. 10−44.
    Rozkošný, R. (1980) 4. Čeled Slidilkoviti – Ptychopteridae. In: Rozkošný, R. (ed.) Klič larev vodniho hmyzu. Československá Akademie Věd, pp. 258-261.
    Salmela, J. (2008) Semiaquatic fly (Diptera, Nematocera) fauna of fens, springs, headwater streams and alpine wetlands in the northern boreal ecoregion, Finland. w-album, 6, 3−63.
    Salmela, J. (2010) Cranefly (Diptera, Tipuloidea and Ptychopteridae) fauna of Limhamn limestone quarry (Sweden, Malmö)—diversity and faunistics viewed from a NW European perspective. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 57, 123−135.
    Shcherbakov, D. & Lukashevich, E. (2005) Adult Ptychoptera feed on honeydew (Diptera: Nematovera: Ptychopteridae). Studia dipterologica, 12, 37−40.
    Sheppard, R.B. & Minshall, G.W. (1984) Selection of fine particulate foods by some stream insects under laboratory conditions. American Midland Naturalist, 111, 23−32. https://doi.org/10.2307/2425538
    Šímová, I. (2012) Mechanisms of species-energy relationships across spatial scales. PhD thesis, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague. [unknown pagination]
    Stubbs, A.E. (1993) Provisional atlas of the ptychopterid crane/lies (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) of Britain and Ireland. Huntingdon Biological Records Centre, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, 34 pp.
    Thomas, A.G.B. (1997) Dipteres peu connuis des sediments d’eau courante : I.—Les Ptychopteridae (nymphose et accouplement) du Sud-Quest de la France (Nematocera). Annales de Limnologie, 13, 141−156. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1977005
    Thomas, J. (1990) Räumliche und seitliche Verteilung der ß-Glucosidase-Aktivität im Sediment des Breitenbaches (Hessen). Diploma-Thesis, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Gießen, ‎Hesse‎. [unknown pagination]
    Tonnoir, A. (1919) Notes sur les Ptychopteridae (Dipt.). Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique, 59, 115−122.
    Török, E., Kolcsár, L.-P., Dénes, A.-L. & Keresztes, L. (2015) Morphologies tells more than molecules in the case of the European widespread Ptychoptera albimana (Fabricius, 1787) (Diptera, Ptychopteridae). North-Western Journal of Zoology, 11, 304−315.
    Wagner. R., Barták, M., Borkent, A., Courtney, G., Goddeeris, B., Haenni, J.-P., Knutson, L., Pont, A., Rotheray, G.E., Rozkos, R., Sinclair, B., Woodley, N., Zatwarnicki, T. & Zwick, P. (2008) Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simuliidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae). Hydrobiologia, 595, 489−519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9127-9
    Wiberg-Larsen, P. (2019) Dovenfluer, glansmyg og kvægmyg. In: Den danske Rødliste 2019. Aarhus Universitet, DCE—Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi. Available from: https://www.redlist.au.dk/ (accessed 8 June 2021)
    Williams, D.D. & Feltmate, B.W. (1992) Aquatic Insects. Redwood Press Ltd, Melksham, 358 pp.
    Wolf, B. (1991) Nahrungsökologie der Fauna lenitischer Bereiche des Breitenbach unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der larven der Faltenmücke Ptychoptera paludosa Meigen 1804 (Diptera). PhD thesis, Gesamthochschule Kassel. [unknown pagination]
    Wolf, B., Zwick, P. & Marxsen, J. (1997) Feeding ecology of the freshwater detritivore Ptychoptera paludosa (Diptera, Nematocera). Freshwater Biology, 38, 375−386. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00250.x
    Zwick, P. (2020) Fauna Europaea: Ptychopteridae. In: Beuk, P. & Pape, T. (Eds.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera, Nematocera. Available from: https://fauna-eu.org. (accessed 6 December 2020)
    Zwick, P. & Starý, J. (2003) Ptychoptera delmastroi sp.n. (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) from Italy. Aquatic Insects, 25, 241−246. https://doi.org/10.1076/aqin.25.3.241.15262
    Zwyrket, K. (1971) Czechoslovak species of the family Ptychopteridae (Diptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 68, 416−426.

  2.