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Type: Article
Published: 2021-06-08
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Integrative taxonomy reveals a new but common Neotropical treefrog, hidden under the name Boana xerophylla

Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brasil.
Laboratorio de Biogeografía, Escuela de Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela. Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela.
Rescue of Endangered Venezuelan Amphibians (REVA) Conservation Center, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela.
Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, Toulouse, France.
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia.
Museo de Historia Natural La Salle (MHNLS), Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas 1050, Venezuela.
Laboratório de Anuros Neotropicais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, ICEMP, Ciências Biológicas, Ituiutaba, Brasil.
Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brasil.
Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brasil.
Amphibia

Abstract

Boana xerophylla is a common treefrog widely distributed in northern Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. A recent study found molecular, acoustic, and morphometric differences between the populations located on opposite sides of the Orinoco River. Here, we carry out an updated molecular phylogenetic analysis, including new samples from all the countries along the distribution area, and analyzed additional call recordings from Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Our phylogenetic inference reveals three geographically restricted lineages: one in the eastern Guiana Shield (corresponding to B. xerophylla sensu stricto), another in the western Guiana Shield, and a third one north of the Orinoco River. Morphological and acoustic data agree with the differentiation between the populations north of the Orinoco River and the eastern Guiana Shield despite the low genetic p-distances observed (16S rRNA: 0.7–2.2 %). We argue that the populations north of the Orinoco River correspond to a new species, sister of B. xerophylla. We name and describe Boana platanera sp. nov. from the southern versant of the Cordillera de Mérida (08º48’26’’ N, 70º30’46’’ W, WGS 84; 947 m asl), Venezuela, and refer all the populations north of the Orinoco River currently identified as B. xerophylla to this species. The new species can be readily diagnosed from B. xerophylla (characters of the latter in parentheses) by a pale orange-yellow or light brown dorsal coloration (dark brown to green), palpebral membrane with dark pigments (pigments absent); pericloacal region dark brown (cream), advertisement call with shorter first note length than B. xerophylla. This study represents an empirical example regarding false negatives behind genetic thresholds for species discovery, appraising the use of integrative taxonomic approaches.

 

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