Abstract
The genus Pygidiapion De Sousa & Mermudes gen. n., described and illustrated here, includes two species from Brazil: the type-species Pygidiapion zeppelinii De Sousa & Mermudes sp. n. (type-locality: João Pessoa, Paraiba state), which develops in flower buds of Pterocarpus violaceus Vogel (Fabaceae); and Pygidiapion zikani (Heller, 1922) comb. n. (from Apion) (type-locality: Passa Quatro, Minas Gerais state), which develops in flower buds of Dalbergia foliolosa Benth. (Fabaceae). Pygidiapion is defined by the following set of characters: rostrum of males with two elongate longitudinal and punctate latero-ventral sulci; hind wings with small radial window; hypomeral lobes divided by median suture and sternellum distinctly exposed; meso- and metatibiae mucronate; pygidium of the apionine incomplete type; and tegminal plate fused with basal piece. Pygidiapion zeppelinii is diagnosed by: meso- and metatibiae mucronate; pygidium distinctly modified, with deep transverse dorsal sulcus, medially deeper and rounded, and proximal marginal rim angulate (apical flange), corresponding to the distal margin, which is emarginate; tegminal plate fused to basal piece, apical portion of parameroid lobes weakly notched medially, each side of suprafenestral plate with five macrochaetae, fenestral width 1.25 times length, separated by about 3.2 times fenestral width, linea arquata visible, prostegium protruding medially, tegminal apodeme 0.76 as long as basal piece, with apex narrow and rounded. Pygidiapion zikani is distinguished from P. zeppelinii by smaller size; head, rostrum and antennae brownish; scutellum subquadrate; and by association with Dalbergia spp. (Fabaceae). Association principally with the papilionoid group of Fabaceae suggest allocation of the new taxon to the subtribe Oxystomatina.
References
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. (1989) Revision of the supraspecific taxa in the Palaearctic Apionidae Schoenherr, 1823. 1. Introduction and subfamily Nanophyinae Seidlitz, 1891 (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Fragmenta Entomologica, 21 (2), 205–262.
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. (1990a) Revision of the subgenera Ceratapion s. str. and Echinostroma nov. of the genus Ceratapion Schilsky, 1901 (Coleoptera, Apionidae). Fragmenta Entomologica, 22 (2), 399–528.
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. (1990b) Revision of the supraspecific taxa in the Palaearctic Apionidae Schoenherr, 1823 (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). 2. Subfamily Apioninae Schoenherr, 1823: Introduction, keys and descriptions. Graellsia, 46, 19–156.
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. (2004) Apionidae (Coleoptera). In: Llorente Bousquets, J., Morrone, J.J., Yañez, O. & Vargas, I. (Eds.), Biodiversidad, taxonomía y biogeografía de artrópodos de México: hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Vol. IV. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico, D.F., pp. 691–699.
Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. & Lyal, C.H.C. (1999) A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, S.C.P., Barcelona, 315 pp.
Alonso-Zarazaga, M. & Wanat. M. (2014) Apioninae Schoenherr, 1823. In: Leschen, R.A.B. & Beutel, R.G. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera, Beetles. Vol. 3. Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga). de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 395–415.
Anderson, R.S. & Kissinger, D.G. (2002) Family 129. Brentidae Billberg 1820. In: Arnett, R.H. Jr., Thomas, M.C., Skelley, P.E. & Frank, J.H. (Eds.), American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 711–719.
Blackwelder, R.E. (1947) Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 5. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 765–925.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.5938
Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Lawrence, J.F., Lyal, C.H.C., Newton, A.F., Reid, C.A.M., Schmitt, M., Slipinski, S.A. & Smith, A.B.T. (2011) Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys, 88, 1–972.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807
Costa-Lima, A. (1956) Insetos do Brasil. Coleópteros. 10º Tomo. Coleópteros, 4ª. e última parte. Série Didática. No. 12. Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, 373 pp.
D’Araújo e Silva, A.G., Gonçalves, C.R., Galvão, D.M., Gonçalves, A.J.L., Gomes, J., Silva, M.N. & Simoni, L. (1968) Quarto Catálogo dos Insetos que Vivem nas Plantas do Brasil, seus Parasitos e Predadores. Parte II. 1º Tomo. Fundação IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, 622 pp.
De Sousa, W.O. (2020) A new species of Neapion (Neotropion) Alonso-Zarazaga from Paraguay (Brentidae: Apioninae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 60 (Special Issue), 1–3.
http://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.14
De Sousa, W.O. & Ribeiro-Costa, C.S. (2018) Two new Brazilian species of Neapion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 subgenus Neotropion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 with a key to South American species (Brentidae: Apioninae). Zootaxa, 4402 (3), 551–562.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.3.8
De Sousa, W.O., Ribeiro-Costa, C.S. & Rosado-Neto, G.H. (2019) A preliminary overview of the Brazilian Apioninae (Coleoptera: Brentidae) with an illustrated key for genera, and a checklist with distribution information. Biota Neotropica, 19 (4), 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0813
Fedorenko, D.N. (2009) Evolution of the Beetle Hind Wing, with Special Reference to Folding (Insecta, Coleoptera). Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 336 pp.
Heller, K.M. (1922) Springende Blütenkelche, verursacht durch ein neues Apion (Col.). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 11 (2), 52–54.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3333
Kissinger, D.G. (1968) Curculionidae subfamily Apioninae of North and Central America with reviews of the world genera of Apioninae and world subgenera of Apion Herbst (Coleoptera). Taxonomic Publications, South Lancaster, Massachusetts, 559 pp.
Kissinger, D.G. (1990) Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 2. Description of a new subgenus and two new species of Apion from Mexico (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, 4 (1–4), 33–40.
Kissinger, D.G. (1992) Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 4. Generic classification and introduction to the genus Coelocephalapion Wagner, with new species from Mexico and Venezuela (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, 6 (2), 65–77.
Kissinger, D.G. (1998) Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 5. Description of the genus Apionion and 4 new species (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, 12 (1–2), 93–102.
Kissinger, D.G. (1999) Apionidae from North and Central America. Part 6. Description of new species of Apionion Kissinger, Coelocephalapion Wagner and Trichapion Wagner (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, 13 (1–2), 21–37.
Kissinger, D.G. (2002) A New Genus of Apionidae from Chile and Argentina. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 56 (2), 315–316.
https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0315:SN]2.0.CO;2
Kissinger, D.G. (2003) A new species of Coelocephalapion Wagner (Apionidae) from Venezuela with host Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Lamiaceae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 57 (1), 99–104.
https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2003)057[0099:ANSOCW]2.0.CO;2
Kissinger, D.G. (2005a) Review of Apioninae of Chile (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Apionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 59 (1), 71–90.
https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2005)059[0071:ROAOCC]2.0.CO;2
Kissinger, D.G. (2005b) A New Species of Coelocephalapion Wagner (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Apionidae: Apioninae) from Argentina and Chile Associated with the Genus Prosopis L. (Fabaceae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 59 (4), 493–500.
Kuschel, G. (1995) A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 14, 5–33.
Lima, R.M., Santo, S.B.O., Vaz, S., Gomes, A.L.S. & De Sousa, W.O. (2020) Description of the larva and pupa of Apion brevicorne Gerstaecker, 1854 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) with biological information. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 60 (Special Issue), 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.08
Lorenzi, H. (1992) Árvores brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil. Plantarum, Nova Odessa, 168 pp.
Maia, C.M. (2012) Coleopterous galls from the Neotropical Region. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 52 (15), 175–184.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492012001500001
Marvaldi, A.E., Sequeira, A.S., O’Brien, C.W. & Farrell, B.D. (2002) Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea): do niche shifts accompany diversification? Systematic Biology, 51 (5), 761–785.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150290102465
Mendes, C.E., Cararin, F., Ohland, A.L., Flach, A., Costa, L.A.M.A., Denardin, R.B.N. & Moura, N.F. (2012) Efeitos das condições ambientais sobre o teor e variabilidade dos óleos voláteis de Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton (Fabaceae). Química Nova, 35 (9), 1787–1793.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422012000900016
Nakamura, A.T. & Oliveira, D.M.T. (2005) Morfoanatomia e ontogênese da sâmara de Pterocarpus violaceus Vogel (Fabaceae: Faboideae). Revista Brasileira de Botânica 28 (2), 375–387.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042005000200016
Oberprieler, R.G., Marvaldi, A.E. & Anderson, R.S. (2007) Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa, 1668 (1), 491–520.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.24
O’Brien, C.W. & Wibmer, G.J. (1982) Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 34, 1–382.
Poinar, G. Jr., Legalov, A.A. (2015) New Apioninae (Coleoptera: Brentidae) in Dominican amber. Historical Biology, 27 (2), 134–157.
http://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.871010
Wanat, M. (2001) Genera of Australo-Pacific Rhadinocybinae and Myrmacicelinae, with Biogeography of the Apionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) and Phylogeny of the Brentidae (s. lato). Mantis, Olsztyn, 432 pp.
Wanat, M. (2007) Alignment and homology of male terminalia in Curculionoidea and other Coleoptera. Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 147–171.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS05055
Wibmer, G.J. & O’Brien, C.W. (1986) Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 39, 563 pp.
Winter, S., Friedman, A.L., Astrin, J.J., Gottsberger, B. & Letsch, H. (2017) Timing and host plant associations in the evolution of the weevil tribe Apionini (Apioninae, Brentidae, Curculionoidea, Coleoptera) indicate an ancient co-diversification pattern of beetles and flowering plants. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107, 179–190.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.10.015