Abstract
Hypoxys is one of four subgenera of Edessa (Fabricius, 1787) together with Aceratodes (De Geer, 1773), Dorypleura (Lepeletier & Serville, 1825) and Edessa (Fabricius, 1787). This taxon has a very confusing taxonomy due to incorrect use of the names available, imprecise descriptions, and large number of very similar species. To illustrate the confusion, Hypoxys potentially includes a large number of species of Edessa, but actually contains only the type species, according to the most recent catalogue. The name E. quadridens Fabricius, 1803, type species of Hypoxys, was used for more than a century as a label to identify a large group of similar species. In this work we continue revising Edessa elevating Hypoxys to genus based on the following morphological characters: proximal part of costal margin black; evaporatorium with a deep notch on lateral margin; anterior arms of metasternal process acuminate; pygophore longer than wide and subrectangular or barrel-shaped in dorsal view; dorsal rim of pygophore well-projected, almost reaching posterolateral angles and finishing in a small lobe; and posterolateral angles of pygophore not developed. Hypoxys is being divided in four species groups to include 17 species transferred from Edessa. H. quadridens group comprises: Hypoxys quadridens (Fabricius, 1803) (type species), H. boerneri (Breddin, 1904) comb. nov., H. claricolor (Breddin, 1907) comb. nov., H. dolosus (Breddin, 1907) comb. nov., H. eburatulus (Breddin, 1907) comb. nov., H. necopinatus (Breddin, 1907) comb. nov., H. offuscatus (Breddin, 1907) comb. nov. and H. trabeculus (Breddin, 1907) comb. nov. H. triangularis group comprises: H. triangularis (Dallas, 1851) comb. nov. (type species), H. capito (Breddin, 1904) comb. nov. and H. subrastratus (Bergroth, 1891) comb. nov. H. oxyacanthus group comprises: H. oxyacanthus (Breddin, 1904) comb. nov. (type species), H. brachyacanthus (Breddin, 1904) comb. nov., H. infulatus (Breddin, 1904) comb. nov., H. leptacanthus (Breddin, 1904) comb. nov. and H. tragelaphus (Breddin, 1903) comb. nov. H. balteatus group comprises only H. balteatus (Walker, 1868) comb. nov. These groups of species will be useful to organize the new species of Hypoxys that will be described in upcoming papers. Descriptions, measurements, photos of genitalia of both sexes; photos in dorsal and ventral views of the species; and distribution maps are provided. Males of H. capito, H. claricolor, H. eburatulus, H. infulatus, and H. subrastratus are described for the first time. Female of H. necopinatus is described for the first time. Edessa jugalis is considered a junior synonym of H. quadridens; E. rimata a junior synonym of H. offuscatus; E. scabriventris and E. leprosula junior synonyms of H. triangularis; E. pachyacantha a junior synonym of H. tragelaphus; E. orba a junior synonym of E. oxyacanthus. A key to the species of Hypoxys is also provided.
References
Almeida, F.R.A., Nunes, B.M. & Fernandes, J.A.M. (2018) A new genus and new species of Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 4377 (2), 254–268.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.6
Amyot, C.J.B. & Serville, A. (1843) Historie naturelle des insects. Hémiptéres. Cuyrage accompagné de planches. Librairie encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, lxxvi + 675 pp., 12 pls.
Bergroth, E. (1891) Contributions a l’etude des Pentatomides. Revue d’Entomologie, 10, 230-235.
Breddin, G. (1903) Neue Arten der Gattung Edessa Fab. Societas Entomologica, 18, 139–140.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29867
Breddin, G. (1904a) Beiträge zur Systematik der Rhynchoten. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1904, 135–153.
Breddin, G. (1904b) Neue Rhynchotenausbeute aus Süd-Amerika (fortsetzung). Societas Entomologica, 19 (7), 49–50.
Breddin, G. (1907) Beiträge zur Systematik der Pentatomiden Südamerikas. Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender freunde zu Berlin, 10, 327–348.
Campos, L.D. & Fernandes, J.A.M. (2011) A new group of species of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 3019 (1), 63–68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3019.1.4
Correia, A.O. & Fernandes, J.A.M. (2016) Grammedessa, a new genus of Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 4104 (4), 541–565.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.4
Dallas, W.S. (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 390 pp., 15 pls.
Dupuis, C. (1970) Heteroptera. In: Tuxen, S.L. (Ed.), Taxonomist’s Glossary of Genitalia of Insects. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 190–208.
Fernandes, J.A.M. (2010) A new genus and species of Edessinae from Amazon Region (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 2662 (1), 53–65.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2662.1.3
Fernandes, J.A.M. & van Doesburg, P.H. (2000a) The E. dolichocera-group of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 73 (20), 305–315.
Fernandes, J.A.M. & van Doesburg, P.H. (2000b) The E. beckeri-group of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 74, 143–150.
Fernandes, J.A.M. & van Doesburg, P.H. (2000c) The E. cervus-group of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 74, 151–165.
Fernandes, J.A.M, Nascimento, A.T.S. & Nunes, B.M. (2018) Revision of Pygoda Amyot & Serville, 1843 stat. rest. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae) with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 4466 (2), 205–232.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4461.2.3
Gaedike, H. (1971) Katalog der in Sammlungen des ehemaligen Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes aufbewahrten Typen—V. Heteroptera. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 21, 79–159.
Kirkaldy, G.W. (1909) Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera). Vol. 1. Cimicidae. Felix L. Dames ed., Berlin, XL + 392 pp.
Kment, P. & Vilímová, J. (2010) Thoracic scent efferent system of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a review of terminology. Zootaxa, 2706 (1), 1–77.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2706.1.1
Nascimento, D.R., Mendonça, M.T.S. & Fernandes, J.A.M. (2017) Description of a new group of species of Edessa (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zootaxa, 4254 (1), 136–150.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.1.10
Nunes, B.M., Wallner A.M. & Fernandes A.M.F. (2019) Anisoedessa, a new genus of Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and considerations on Edessinae relationships based on cladistic analysis. Arthropod and Systematics, 77 (2), 215–237.
https://doi.org/10.26049/ASP.77-2-2019-02
QGIS Development Team (2016) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: https://qgis.osgeo.org (accessed 28 July 2019)
Santos, B.T.S., Silva, V.J. & Fernandes, J.A.M. (2015) Revision of Ascra with proposition of the bifida species group and description of two new species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae). Zootaxa, 4034 (3), 445–470.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4034.3.2
Silva, V.J., Nunes, B.M. & Fernandes, J.A.M. (2013) Paraedessa, a new genus of Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa, 3716 (3), 395–416.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3716.3.4
Stål, C. (1859) Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. In: Konglika Svenska Fregattens Eugenies Resa omkrieng Jorden, III (Zoology, Insekter), pp. 219–298, pls. 3–4.
Stål, C. (1872) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till em förteckning öfver alla hittils kånda Hemiptera, Jemte systematiska meddelanden. 2. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps—Akademien Handlingar, 10 (4), 1–159.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12549