Abstract
In this paper the primary types of Centris bees described by the British entomologist Frederick Smith deposited in the Natural History Museum, London and in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom were studied. To stabilize the application of some names, lectotypes were designated for C. agilis, C. apiformis (= C. aenea Lepeletier), C. ardens (= C. varia (Erichson)), C. aterrima, C. cineraria, C. concinna (= C. dentata), C. crassipes, C. dentata, C. difformis, C. discolor, C. elegans, C. ephippium, C. festiva, C. ignita (= C. agilis), C. insignis, C. insularis, C. maculifrons, C. melanochlaena, C. mexicana, C. modesta, C. nitida, C. perforator, C. personata (= C. longimana Fabricius), C. plumipes, C. rubella (= C. ferruginea Lepeletier), C. semicaerulea, C. simillima, C. tarsata, C. thoracica (= C. domingensis Dalla Torre) and Anthophora dimidiata (= C. nigerrima (Spinola)). Centris perforator nom. rev. and C. modesta nom. rev. are withdrawn from the synonymy of C. fuscata Lepeletier and C. obsoleta Lepeletier respectively, and consequently revalidated. Centris fulviventris Cresson and C. simillima are removed from the synonymy of C. lanipes (Fabricius), proposing the revalidation of the first species and the second one as its new junior synonym. Centris insignis and C. insignis scutellaris Friese are proposed as new junior synonyms of C. laticincta (Spinola). The critical study of the primary type of C. aterrima, for a long time a misidentified species, allowed for proposing C. anomala Snelling as its new junior synonym. As result of this synonymy, C. apache new species is here described based on specimens incorrectly considered as belonging to C. aterrima. In addition, a lectotype for Centris clypeata Friese (= C. nigrocaerulea Smith) is also designated.
References
Anonymous (1879a) Personal-Notizen. Necrolog. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 2, 168.
Anonymous (1879b) Frederick Smith. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 10, 36.
Anonymous (1879c) Obituary. The Canadian Entomologist, 11, 78.
https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1178b-4
Ayala, R. (2002) Two new subgenera of bees in the genus Centris (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 25, 1‒8.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8484
Ayala, R., Griswold, T.L. & Yanega, D. (1996) Apoidea (Hymenoptera). In: Llorente-Bousquet, J., García-Aldrete, A.N. & González-Soriano, E. (Eds.), Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de Artrópodos Mexicanos: Hacia una Síntesis de su Conocimiento. UNAM, Mexico City, pp. 423−464.
Baker, D.B. (1993) The type material of the nominal species of exotic bees described by Frederick Smith (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, 312 pp.
Baker, D.B. (1998) The Hymenoptera collections of William Edward Shuckard and the dispersal of his type material. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 48 (1), 157‒174.
Bates, H.W. (1863) The Naturalist on the River Amazons: A record of adventures, habits of animals, sketches of Brazilian and Indian life and aspects of nature under the Equator during eleven years of travel. Vol. 1. John Murray, London, 351 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.21335
Bressan, D. (2013) The forgotten naturalist: Alfred Russel Wallace. Available from: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/the-forgotten-naturalist-alfred-russel-wallace (accessed 21 December 2018)
Cameron, P. (1903) Descriptions of new species of Hymenoptera taken by Mr. Edward Whymper on the “higher Andes of the Equator”. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 29, 225‒328.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1899) Notes on the nomenclature of some Hymenoptera. The Entomologist, 32, 14.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1913) Description and records of bees LIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 12 (67), 103‒110.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931308693377
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1922) Bees in the collection of the United States National Museum. 4. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 60, 1‒20.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.60-2413.1
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1936) Records of western bees. American Museum Novitates, 831, 1−6.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1949) Bees from Central America, principally Honduras. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 98, 429‒490.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.98-3233.429
Cresson, E.T. (1865) On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 1‒200.
Cresson, E.T. (1879) Catalogue of North American Apidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 7, 215‒232.
https://doi.org/10.2307/25076374
Dalla Torre, von C.W. (1896) Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. X. Apidae (Anthophila). Engelmann, Lipsie (Leipzig), viii + 643 pp.
Dominique, J. (1898) Coup d’oeil sur les melifères sud-américaines du muséum de Nantes. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de l’ouest de la France, 8, 57‒65.
Ducke, A. (1910) Zur Synonymie der neotropischen Apidae. (Hym.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6, 362–369.
Dunning, J.W. (1879a) The chairman’s address. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1879, lxiv‒lxvi.
Dunning, J.W. (1879b) Biographical notices Nº3. The Entomologist, 12 (191), 89‒92.
Erichson, W.F. (1848) Insecten. In: Schomburgk, R. (Ed.), Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840–1844. Im Auftrag Sr. Mägestat des Königs von Preussen. Vol. III. Weber, Leipzig, pp. 553‒616.
Fabricius, J.C. (1775) Systema entomologie, Sistens insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. In Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae, xxviii + 832 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510
Fabricius, J.C. (1804) Systema Piezatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 439 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10490
Friese, H. (1899) Neue arten der Bienengattungen Epicharis Klug und Centris Fabr. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 23, 39‒48.
Friese, H. (1901) Monographie der Bienengattung Centris (s. lat). Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Wien, 15, 237‒350.
Friese, H. (1902) Beitrag zur Apidenfauna der grossen Antillen (Hym). Zeitschrift für Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 2, 196‒201.
Friese, H. (1923) Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der schwedischen entomologischen reise des Herrn dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914‒1915. Arkiv för Zoologi Stockholm, Band, 15 (13), 1‒8.
Friese, H. (1924) Neue formen der bienengattungen Centris-Epicharis. Konowia, 3, 19‒22.
Guérin-Meneville, F.E. (1844) Iconographie du règne animal de G. Cuvier, ou représentation d’après nature de l’une des espèces les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figurées, de chaque genre d’animaux; pouvant servir d’atlas à tous les traités de Zoologie. Vol. 7. Baillière, J. B., Paris, 576 pp.
Hurd, P.D. (1979) Superfamily Apoidea. In: Krombein, K.V., Hurd, P.D., Smith, D.R. & Burks, B.D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 2. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 1741−2209.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.
Klug, J. (1807) Kritische Revision der Bienengattungen in Fabricius neuem Piezatensysteme mit Berücksichtigung der Kirbyschen Bienefamilien und Illiger’s Bemerkunde zu Kirbys Monographie. Magazin für Insektenkunde, 6, 200‒228.
Klug, J. (1810) Einige neue Piezatengattungen. Magazin Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 4, 31‒45.
Lepeletier, A.L.M. (1841) Histoire naturelle des insectes- Hyménoptères II. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 680, 455‒460.
Meurgey, F. (2016) Bee species and their associated flowers in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe, Les Saintes, La Désirade, Marie Galante, St Barthelemy and Martinique) (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Apoidea). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, New Series, 52 (4), 209‒232.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2016.1244490
Meurgey, F. Guezennec, C. & Guezennec, P. (2014) Centris (Centris) smithii Cresson, 1879 et Melissodes (Ecplectica) trifasciata Cresson, 1878: deux nouvelles abeilles sauvages pour la faune de la Guadeloupe (Antilles françaises) (Hymenoptera Apoidea Apidae). L’Entomologiste, 71 (1), 71.
Michener, C.D. (2007) The Bees of the World. 2nd Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, xvi + 953 pp.
Michener, C.D. & Fraser, A. (1978) A comparative anatomical study of mandibular structure in bees. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 51, 463‒482.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17245
Moure, J.S. (1942) Abelhas de Salobra (Hym. Apoidea). Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, secretaria da Agricultura—S. Paulo, 2 (21), 291‒321.
Moure, J.S. (1943) Abelhas de Batatais (Hym. Apoidea). Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 3, 145‒203.
Moure, J.S. (1945) Apoidea da coleção do Conde Amadeu A. Barbiellini. II. (Hym. Apoidea). Revista de Entomologia, 16 (3), 394‒414.
Moure, J.S. (1950) Alguns agrupamentos novos de abelhas neotropicais. Dusenia, 1 (6), 385‒396.
Moure, J.S. (1960) Notes on the types of the Neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 3 (1/4), 97‒160.
Moure, J.S. (1969) Notas sôbre algumas espécies de Centris da Guiana (Hym., Apoidea). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 41 (1), 114‒123.
Moure, J.S. (2002) O subgênero Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala: notas complementares e descrição de uma nova espécie (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 46 (3), 257‒261.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262002000300006
Moure, J.S. (2003) Espécies novas de Centris Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 47 (3), 421‒426.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262003000300010
Moure, J.S. & Seabra, C.A.C. (1960) Sôbre a identidade de algumas espécies de Centris (Hymenoptera - Apoidea). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 9, 109‒117.
Moure, J.S. & Seabra, C.A.C. (1962) Três espécies novas de Centris (Ptilotopus) Klug, 1810 (Hymenoptera—Apoidea). Boletim Universidade Federal do Paraná, Zoologia, 1 (14), 1‒13.
Moure, J.S., Melo, G.A.R. & Vivallo, F. (2007) Centridini Cockerell & Cockerell. In: Moure, J.S., Urban, D. & Melo, G.A.R. (Orgs.), Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, Curitiba, pp. 83‒142.
Neff, J.L. & Simpson, B.B. (1981) Oil-collecting structures in the Anthophoridae (Hymenoptera): morphology, function and use in systematics. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 54, 95‒123.
Palmer, T.S. (1918) Goudot’s explorations in Colombia. Auk, 35 (2), 240–241.
https://doi.org/10.2307/4072880
Pérez, J. (1905) Hyménoptères nouveaux du Mexique. Bulletin, Museum d’Historie Naturalle, Paris, 11, 39‒41.
Rasmussen, C., Mahé, G. & Hinojosa-Díaz, A. (2007) Taxonomic status of the bees from French Guiana described by Jules Dominique (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Megachilidae, Halictidae). Zootaxa, 1423 (1), 59–62.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1423.1.5
Silveira, F.A., Melo, G.A.R. & Almeida, E.A.B. (2002) Abelhas brasileiras Sistemática e Identificação. Fundação Araucária, Belo Horizonte, 254 pp.
Simpson, B.B. (1989) Krameriaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 49. Organization for Flora Neotropica, The New York Botanical Garden, New York, 108 pp.
Smith, A.Z. (1986) A history of the Hope Entomological Collections in the University Museum Oxford with lists of archives and collections. Clarendon Press, Oxford, xiii + 172 pp.
Smith, F. (1853) Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. British Museum, London, vi + 197 pp.
Smith, F. (1854) Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 2. British Museum, London, 267 pp. [pp. 199‒465]
Smith, F. (1855) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III. Mutillidae and Pompilidae. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 206 pp.
Smith, F. (1856) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. Sphegidae, Larridae, and Crabronidae. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 291 pp.
Smith, F. (1857) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part V. Vespidae. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 147 pp.
Smith, F. (1858) Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 216 pp.
Smith, F. (1859a) Catalogue of Hymenopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Part VII. Dorylidae and Thynnidae. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 76 pp.
Smith, F. (1859b) Catalogue of British fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidae, and Vespidae, in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History). Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 236 pp.
Smith, F. (1874) A revision of the genera Epicharis, Centris, Eulema, and Euglossa belonging to the family Apidae, section Scopulipedes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 13, 357‒373.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937408680879
Smith, F. (1876) Preliminary notice of new species of Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Forficulidae collected in the Island of Rodriguez by the naturalists accompanying the Transit-of-Venus Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 17, 447–451.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937608681990
Smith, F. (1877) VIII. Hymenoptera and Diptera. In: Günther, A. (Ed.), Account of the zoological collection made during the visit of H. M. S. “Peterel” to the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877, pp. 82‒84.
Smith, F. (1879) The collections from Rodriguez. Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Neuroptera. In: Hooker, J.D. & Günther, A. (Eds.), An account of the petrological, botanical, and zoological collections made in Kerguelen’s land and Rodriguez during the Transit of Venus expeditions, carried out by order of Her Majesty’s Government in the years 1874–75. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 168, pp. 34‒540. [extra volume]
Snelling, R.R. (1966) The taxonomy and nomenclature of some North American bees of the genus Centris with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 112, 1‒33.
Snelling, R.R. (1974) Notes on the distribution and taxonomy of some North American Centris (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 259, 1‒41.
Snelling, R.R. (1984) Studies on the taxonomy and distribution of American Centridine bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Contributions in Science, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 347, 1‒69.
Spinola, M.M. (1841) Hyménoptères recueillis a Cayenne en 1839 par M. Leprieur, Pharmacien de la Marine Royale (Seconde Partie porte-aiguillons). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 10, 85‒149.
Spinola, M.M. (1851) Hymenópteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Física y Política de Chile. Zoología. Vol. 6. Casa del autor, Paris, pp. 153‒569.
Starr, C.K. & Vélez, D. (2009) A dense daytime aggregation of the solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini) in the Lesser Antilles. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18 (2), 175‒177.
Van Wyhe, J. (2013) Dispelling the darkness: voyage in the Malay Archipelago and the discovery of evolution by Wallace and Darwin. World Scientific Publishing Co. Ltd., Singapore, 405 pp.
Van Wyhe, J. (2014) A delicate adjustment: Wallace and Bates on the Amazon and “the problem of the Origin of Species”. Journal of the History of Biology, 47, 627‒659.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-014-9378-z
Vélez, D. & Vivallo, F. (2018) Sinopsis de las especies del subgénero Centris (Ptilotopus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) en Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 19 (2), 46‒63.
https://doi.org/10.21068/c2018.v19n02a05
Vivallo, F. (2013) Revision of the bee subgenus Centris (Wagenknechtia) Moure, 1950 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini). Zootaxa, 3683 (5), 501‒537.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3683.5.1
Vivallo, F. (2014) Revision of the species of Centris (Xanthemisia) Moure, 1945 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini) from the Caribbean Islands. Zootaxa, 3821 (1), 58‒70.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.4
Vivallo, F. (2019) Lectotype designations, taxonomic notes and new synonymies in some species of the bee genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Amédée Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zootaxa, 4624 (1), 23–40.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4624.1.2
Vivallo, F. & Zanella, F.C.V. (2012) A new species of Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 from northeastern Brazil, with a key for the Centris species of the Caatinga region (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zootaxa, 3298 (1), 1‒16.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3298.1.1
Vivallo, F., Vélez, D. & Fernández, F. (2013) A new species of Centris (Xanthemisia) Moure, 1945 from South America with a synopsis of the known species of the subgenus in Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini). Zootaxa, 3694 (1), 81‒91.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3694.1.7
Vivallo, F., Vélez, D. & Fernández, F. (2016) Two new species of Centris (Aphemisia) Ayala, 2002 from Colombia with a synopsis of the subgenus for the country (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini). Zootaxa, 4093 (2), 201‒216.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4093.2.3
Wollaston, T.W. (1854) Insecta Maderensia: being an account of the insects of the Islands of the Madeiran group. Taylor & Francis, London, xliv + 634, pls. i + xiii pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9060
Zanella, F.C.V. (2002) Sistemática, filogenia e distribuição geográfica das espécies sul-americanas de Centris (Paracentris) Cameron, 1903 e de Centris (Penthemisia) Moure, 1950, incluindo uma análise filogenética do grupo Centris, sensu Ayala, 1998 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Centridini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 46 (4), 435‒488.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262002000400001