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Type: Article
Published: 2019-01-29
Page range: 451–498
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Census of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of the Azores (NE Atlantic) with a nomenclature update

MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre of the Institute of Marine Research IMAR—University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado 9901-862, Horta, Açores, Portugal Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Meeresforschung, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Meeresforschung, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
IMAR—University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado 9901-862, Horta, Açores, Portugal OKEANOS Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Açores, Portugal Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs (DRAM), Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Azores Government, Horta, Portugal
Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Meeresforschung, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany OKEANOS Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Açores, Portugal Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs (DRAM), Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Azores Government, Horta, Portugal, Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Azores Government, Horta, Portugal.
MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre of the Institute of Marine Research IMAR—University of the Azores, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado 9901-862, Horta, Açores, Portugal Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology, Azores Government, Horta, Portugal.
Coelenterata Alcyonacea Atlantic Checklist deep sea Pennatulacea taxonomy

Abstract

Zoological nomenclature revisions are essential for biodiversity studies and indispensable to avoid naming and description of already described species and should be valued in all subsequent studies considering biology, molecular biology, ecology or habitat mapping of deep-sea species. Herein, a thorough revision of the taxonomic literature on Octocorallia since the beginning of deep-sea exploration in the Azores is provided. Since 1870, when the first octocoral, Virgularia mirabilis (Müller, 1776), was recorded in the Azores a cyclic pattern on the taxonomical study of octocorals reveals the deep-sea investigation efforts made on the region at different periods: Prince Albert I of Monaco, Biaçores and recent expeditions. The first decade of this millennium was the peak on taxonomic research of cold-water octocorals in the Azores with 11 publications targeting gorgonians and soft corals (Alcyonacea) and specific sub-orders within it. Ninety-eight names of Octocorallia were found to be given in the economic exclusive zone of the Azores. While 25 names were changed or added to the known Azorean octocoral diversity, 3 species identified in the region and unreported in the reviewed literature, increase the number to 101 species. Twenty-five names were synonymized while three species names were unmasked as errors in need of taxonomical clarification. This is the highest species richness of Octocorallia found in Europe and in any Northern Atlantic archipelago so far, representing ~60% of the most diverse center of endemism of South Africa, with a part in the Eastern Atlantic. Further research on taxonomy may reveal new species to science.

 

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