Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4496 No. 1: 5 Oct. 2018
Type: Article
Published: 2018-10-04
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.6
Page range: 65–95
Abstract views: 138
PDF downloaded: 2

Insights into the diversity of Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) with descriptions of six new species

Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
Centre for Genomic Regulation, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
Environmental Toxicology and Biology, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluídos, Facultad de Ciencias UNED, C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Annelida alpha taxonomy molecular phylogeny morphology species diversity Clitellata

Abstract

The earthworm family Hormogastridae is a relatively diverse group in the Western Mediterranean basin. Since 1887, around thirty species have been described and assigned to four genera. However, from 2010 on, molecular, ecological and morphological studies have questioned the validity of those genera. Meanwhile, new species were discovered and assigned to them, pending a formal systematic revision; such a revision has been performed recently by integrating all the existing sources of information. The resulting classification consists of nine genera, including four newly erected ones. This revised systematic background is used in the current work as a base for the description of six new hormogastrid species: Diazcosinia sacrarium Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., Boucheona martae Marchán, Fernández & Díaz Cosín, sp. nov., Boucheona rosae Marchán, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., Norana emiliae Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., Norana xylocerasi Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov., and Norana beatrizae Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, sp. nov. Norana is a new replacement name for the preoccupied Nora Marchán, Fernández, Díaz Cosín & Novo, 2018. Likewise, Xanina is proposed to replace the preoccupied Xana Díaz Cosín, Briones & Trigo, 1989. We provide an overview of the currently known diversity of the different genera, and we further propose common names in several languages for some of the species of Hormogastridae.

 

References

  1. Álvarez, J. (1971) Oligoquetos terrícolas ibéricos. Megascolécidos y Glososcolécidos. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Sección Biológica, 69, 97–114.

    Álvarez, J. (1977) El género Hormogaster en España. Publicaciones del Centro Pirenaico de Biología Experimental, 9, 27–35.

    Armstrong, A.J. & Nxele, T.C. (2017) English names of the megadrile earthworms (Oligochaeta) of KwaZulu-Natal. African Invertebrates, 58, 11

    Bouché, M.B. (1969) Ailoscolex lacteospumosus, n. gen., n. sp., Un ver de terre aux caractères morphologiques et biologiques remarquables (Oligochaeta, Ailoscolecidae, nov. fam.). Revue d'Écologie et Biologie du Sol, 6, 525–531.

    Bouché, M.B. (1970) Remarques sur quelques Lumbricina de France et consequences de la decouverte des noveaux taxons Vignysinae (Subfam. nov) et Diporodrilidae (Fam. nov.). Pedobiologia, 10, 246–256.

    Bouché, M.B. (1972) Lombriciens de France. Ecologie et systématique. Annales de Zoologie. Ecologie Animal. Numero Hors-Série, 1–671.

    Chakrabarty, P. (2010) Genetypes: a concept to help integrate molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy. Zootaxa, 2632, 67–68.

    Clause, J., Barot, S. & Forey, E. (2016) Earthworms promote greater richness and abundance in the emergence of plant species across a grassland-forest ecotone. Journal of Plant Ecology, 9, 703–711.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtw008

    Cognetti de Martiis, L. (1914) Escursioni Zoologiche del Dr. Enrico Festa nei monti della Vallata del Sangro (Abruzzo). Nota sugli Oligocheti degli Abruzzi. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universitá di Torino, 689 (29).

    De la Torre, A. & Alías, L.J. (1987) Características bioclimáticas de interés edafológico de la sierra del Maigmó (Alicante, SE España). Anales de Biología, 12, 29–41.

    Díaz Cosín, D.J., Briones, M.J.I. & Trigo, D. (1989) Descripción de una nueva especie de lombriz de tierra, Xana omodeoi (Hormogastridae, Oligochaeta) y sus implicaciones en la división de los Hormogastridae. Revue d'Écologie et Biologie du Sol, 26, 225–231.

    Díaz Cosín, D.J., Moro, R.P., Valle, J.V., Garvín, M.H., Trigo, D. & Jesús, J.B. (1996) Producción de heces de Hormogaster elisae en diferentes tipos de cultivos en laboratorio. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Sección Biología, 92, 177–184.

    Díaz Cosín, D.J., Ruiz, M.P., Ramajo, M. & Gutiérrez, M. (2006) Is the aestivation of the earthworm Hormogaster elisae a paradiapause? Invertebrebrate Biology, 125 (3), 250–255.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2006.00057.x

    Gil, R., Ramajo, M., Jesús, J.B., Trigo, D. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2007) Influencia de Hormogaster elisae Álvarez, 1977 (Annelida, Oligochaeta) sobre la infiltración y retención de agua del suelo de una parcela de El Molar (Madrid). Un estudio de laboratorio. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección Biológica, 102 (1–4), 13–18.

    Excoffier, L. & Lischer, H.E.L. (2010) Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources, 10, 564–567.

    Hernández, P. (2005) Estudio de la distribución horizontal de Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) en el Molar y de los factores que le regulan. PhD thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 241 pp.

    Huson, D.H. & Bryant, D. (2006) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23 (2), 254–267.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj030

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.

    Kurdjumov, N.V. (1917) New genus and species of Aphelininae. Zhurnal Prikladnoy Entomologii, Kiev [Journal of Applied Entomology], 1 (1), 80–81.

    Marchán, D.F., Fernández, R., Novo, M. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2014) New light into the hormogastrid riddle: morphological and molecular description of Hormogaster joseantonioi sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae). ZooKeys, 414, 1–17.
    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.414.7665

    Marchán, D.F., Sánchez, N., Novo, M., Fernández, R., Pardos, F. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2016a) Cryptic characters for cryptic taxa: On the taxonomic utility of the genital chaetae in earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae). Zoologischer Anzeiger-A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 264, 17–28.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2016.06.008

    Marchán, D.F., Refoyo, P., Fernández, R., Novo, M. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2016b) Macroecological inferences on soil fauna through comparative niche modeling: the case of Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). European Journal of Soil Biology, 75, 115–122.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.05.003

    Marchán, D.F., Novo, M., Fernández, R., de Sosa, I., Trigo, D. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2016c) Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a study case. The number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 178 (1), 4–14.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12410

    Marchán, D.F., Fernández, R., de Sosa, I., Díaz Cosín, D.J. & Novo, M. (2017) Pinpointing cryptic borders: Fine-scale phylogeography and genetic landscape analysis of the Hormogaster elisae complex (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 112, 185–193.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.005

    Marchán, D.F., Fernández, R., de Sosa, I., Sánchez, N., Díaz Cosín, D.J. & Novo, M. (2018) Integrative systematic revision of a Mediterranean earthworm family: Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Invertebrate Systematics. 32 (3), 652–671.
    https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17048

    Michaelsen, W. (1899) Revision der Kinberg'schen Oligochaeten-Typen, Öfversigt Akademiens Förhandlingar, Stockholm, 56, 413–448.

    Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. Vol. 10. R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin, 575 pp.

    Michaelsen, W. (1925) Regenwürmer aus dem nördlichen und östlichen Spanien. Senckenbergiana, 7, 186–195.

    Navas, L. (1912) Notas sobre Mirmeleónidos (Ins. Neur.). Broteria, Braga, 10, 29–75, 85–97.

    Nicéville, L. de (1893) On new and little-known Butterflies from North-east Sumatra collected by Hofrath Dr. L. Martin. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 8, 37–56.

    Novo, M., Almodóvar, A. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2009) High genetic divergence of hormogastrid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in the central Iberian Peninsula: evolutionary and demographic implications. Zoologica Scripta, 38 (5), 537–552.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00389.x

    Novo, M. (2010) Algunos aspectos de la Biologia Evolutiva de la Familia Hormogastridae Michaelsen, 1900: Filogenia, Filogeografia y Seleccion Sexual. PhD Thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 341 pp.

    Novo, M., Almodóvar, A., Fernández, R., Gutiérrez, M. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2010) Mate choice of an endogeic earthworm revealed by microsatellite markers. Pedobiologia, 53 (6), 375–379.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.07.002

    Novo, M., Almodóvar, A., Fernández, R., Giribet, G. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2011) Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin—The phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61 (1), 125–135.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.018

    Novo, M., Fernández, R., Marchán, D.F., Gutiérrez, M. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2012a) Compilation of morphological and molecular data, a necessity for taxonomy: The case of Hormogaster abbatissae sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae). ZooKeys, 242, 1–16.
    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3996

    Novo, M., Almodóvar, A., Fernández, R., Trigo, D., Díaz Cosín, D.J. & Giribet, G. (2012b) Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae). Molecular Ecology, 21 (15), 3776–3793.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05648.x

    Novo, M., Fernández, R., Marchán, D.F., Trigo, D., Díaz Cosín, D.J. & Giribet, G. (2015) Unearthing the historical biogeography of Mediterranean earthworms (Annelida: Hormogastridae). Journal of Biogeography, 42 (4), 751–762.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12447

    Novo, M., Fernández, R., Andrade, S.C., Marchán, D.F., Cunha, L. & Díaz Cosín, D.J. (2016) Phylogenomic analyses of a Mediterranean earthworm family (Annelida: Hormogastridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94, 473–478.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.026

    Omodeo, P. & Rota, E. (2008) Earthworm diversity and land evolution in three Mediterranean districts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series, 59, 65– 83.

    Qiu, J.P. & Bouché, M.B. (1998a) Contribution to the taxonomy of Hormogastridae (Annelida: Oligochaeta) with description of new species from Spain. Documents Pedozoologiques et Intégrologiques, 4, 164–177.

    Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C. (1815) Analyse de la Nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Aux dépens de l'auteur, Palermo, 223 pp.

    Rosa, D. (1887) Hormogaster redii n. g., n. sp. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Universitá di Torino 32 (II), 1–2.

    Rota, E. (1993) Contribution to the taxonomy of the Hormogastridae (Annelida: Oligochaeta) with description of two new species from southern France. Journal of Natural History, 28, 27–36.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770031

    Rota, E., Marchán, D.F. & Omodeo, P. (2016) Hormogaster regina sp. n. (Annelida: Clitellata: Hormogastridae): A giant earthworm from Spanish Catalonia, described from morphological and molecular evidence. Zoologischer Anzeiger—A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 261, 56–65.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2016.03.002

    Zicsi, A. (1970) Neue Regenwürmer (Oligochaeta: Hormogastridae, Lumbricidae) aus Spanien. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 10, 371–373.