Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4483 No. 1: 20 Sept. 2018
Type: Article
Published: 2018-09-20
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.2
Page range: 36–66
Abstract views: 56
PDF downloaded: 2

High species diversity of the genus Neopanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) in Yunnan Province, China

Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Education Ministry, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Education Ministry, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Mecoptera taxonomy Insecta China Oriental Region fauna

Abstract

Neopanorpa van der Weele, 1909 is the second largest genus of Panorpidae, and is endemic to the Oriental Region. Yunnan, a province in the southwestern region of China, is well-known as a biodiversity hotspot and abundant in Neopanorpa species. However, only sixteen species of Neopanorpa have been described from Yunnan hitherto and the taxonomic study of Neopanorpa in Yunnan has lagged far behind as compared with studies performed in neighboring regions. In the present study, notably high diversity of Neopanorpa species is found in the Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan. Seven species of Neopanorpa are described as new: N. semiorbiculata, N. tincta, N. triangulata, N. diancangshanensis, N. magnatitilana, N. longistipitata, and N. quadristigma spp. n. Neopanorpa spatulata Byers, 1965, originally described from Thailand, is recorded from China for the first time. Neopanorpa dimidiata Navás, 1930 is a synonym of N. brisi (Navás, 1930). Keys to species of Neopanorpa in Yunnan are provided. The phylogenetic relationships of Neopanorpa species from the Hengduan Mountains, the Indochinese Peninsula, and the eastern Himalayas are briefly discussed.

 

References

  1. Bicha, W.J. (2010) A review of the scorpionflies (Mecoptera) of Indochina with the description of a new species of Neopanorpa from Northern Thailand. Zootaxa, 2480 (1), 61–67.

    Bicha, W.J. (2015) The scorpionflies (Mecoptera) of Indochina with the description of new species of Bittacus and Neopanorpa. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 117 (4), 435–451.
    https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.117.4.435

    Bicha, W.J., Schiff, N., Pham, T.H., Lancaster, A. & Scheffler, B. (2017) New species of Neopanorpa (Mecoptera) from Vietnam, with a key to the species of Mecoptera of Vietnam. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119 (4), 529–544.
    https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.119.4.529

    Byers, G.W. (1965) The Mecoptera of Indo-China. Pacific Insects, 7 (4), 705–748.

    Byers, G.W. (1970) New and little known Chinese Mecoptera. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 43 (4), 383–394.

    Byers, G.W. (1971) A new Neopanorpa from Nepal. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 44 (4), 534–539.

    Byers, G.W. (1975) Ergebnisse der Bhutan Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel. Mecoptera: Fam. Panorpidae. Entomologica Basiliensia, 1, 87–91.

    Byers, G.W. (1999) Thirteen new Panorpidae (Mecoptera) from northern Burma. Entomologica Scandinavica, 30 (2), 197–218.
    https://doi.org/10.1163/187631200x00246

    Byers, G.W. (2002) Scorpionflies, hangingflies, and other Mecoptera. The Kansas School Naturalist, 48, 3–15.

    Byers, G.W. & Thornhill, R. (1983) Biology of the Mecoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 28 (1), 203–228.
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.001223

    Cai, L.-J., Huang, P.-Y. & Hua, B.-Z. (2008) Sinopanorpa, a new genus of Panorpidae (Mecoptera) from the Oriental China with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 1941, 43–54.

    Carpenter, F.M. (1938) Mecoptera from China, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 40 (9), 267–281.

    Carpenter, F.M. (1945) Panorpidae from China (Mecoptera). Psyche, 52 (1–2), 70–78.
    https://doi.org/10.1155/1945/69797

    Chandra, K. (2004) Check-list of Mecoptera from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 102 (1–2), 73–76.

    Chau, H.C.-S. & Byers, G.W. (1978) The Mecoptera of Indonesia: Genus Neopanorpa. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 51 (11), 341–405.

    Cheng, F.-Y. (1953) Three new species of Panorpidae (Mecoptera). Psyche, 60, 119–123.
    https://doi.org/10.1155/1953/79707

    Cheng, F.-Y. (1957) Revision of the Chinese Mecoptera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 116 (1), 1–118.

    Enderlein, G. (1910) Über die Phylogenie und Klassifikation der Mecopteren unter Berücksichtigung der fossilen Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 35, 385–399.

    Engels, S. & Sauer, K.P. (2006) Love for sale and its fitness benefits: nuptial gifts in the scorpionfly Panorpa vulgaris represent paternal investment. Behaviour, 143 (7), 825–837.
    https://doi.org/10.1163/156853906778017962

    Esben-Petersen, P. (1915) A synonymic list of the order Mecoptera together with descriptions of new species. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 10 (1), 216–242.

    Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Mecoptera. Monographic Revision. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, 5, 1–172.

    Gao, C., Ma, N. & Hua, B.-Z. (2016) Cerapanorpa, a new genus of Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 4158 (1), 93–104.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.1.5

    Gao, L.-M., Möller, M., Zhang, X.-M., Hollingsworth, M.L., Liu, J., Mill, R.R., Gibby, M. & Li, D.-Z. (2007) High variation and strong phylogeographic pattern among cpDNA haplotypes in Taxus wallichiana (Taxaceae) in China and North Vietnam. Molecular Ecology, 16 (22), 4684–4698.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03537.x

    Hardwicke, T. (1825) Description of the Cermatia longicornis and of three new insects from Nepaul. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 14 (1), 131–136.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00084.x

    Hu, G.-L., Yan, G., Xu, H. & Hua, B.-Z. (2015) Molecular phylogeny of Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 85, 22–31.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.01.009

    Jiang, L. & Hua, B.-Z. (2015) Morphological comparison of the larvae of Panorpa obtusa Cheng and Neopanorpa lui Chou & Ran (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 255, 62–70.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2015.02.004

    Li, Y., Zhai, S.-N., Qiu, Y.-X., Guo, Y.-P., Ge, X.-J. & Comes, H.P. (2011) Glacial survival east and west of the ‘Mekong–Salween Divide’in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains region as revealed by AFLPs and cpDNA sequence variation in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Berberidaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59 (2), 412–424.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.009

    Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.

    Ma, N. & Hua, B.-Z. (2011) Furcatopanorpa, a new genus of Panorpidae (Mecoptera) from China. Journal of Natural History, 45 (35–36), 2251–2261.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.595517

    Ma, N., Cai, L.-J. & Hua, B.-Z. (2009) Comparative morphology of the eggs in some Panorpidae (Mecoptera) and their systematic implication. Systematics and Biodiversity, 7 (4), 403–417.
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200009990107

    Ma, N., Liu, S.-Y. & Hua, B.-Z. (2011) Morphological diversity of male salivary glands in Panorpidae (Mecoptera). European Journal of Entomology, 108 (3), 493–499.
    https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2011.064

    Ma, N., Zhong, W., Gao, Q.-H. & Hua, B.-Z. (2012) Female genital plate diversity and phylogenetic analyses of East Asian Panorpidae (Mecoptera). Systematics and Biodiversity, 10 (2), 159–178.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2012.683459

    MacLachlan, R. (1875) A sketch of our present knowledge of the neuropterous fauna of Japan (excluding Odonata and Trichoptera). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 23 (2), 167–190.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1875.tb01906.x

    Meng, L.-H., Chen, G., Li, Z.-H., Yang, Y.-P., Wang, Z.-K. & Wang, L.-Y. (2015) Refugial isolation and range expansions drive the genetic structure of Oxyria sinensis (Polygonaceae) in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. Scientific Reports, 5, 10396.
    https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10396

    Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403 (6772), 853–858.
    https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501

    Navás, L. (1908) Neurópteros nuevos. Memorias de la real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 6 (25), 401–423.

    Navás, L. (1910) Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Panorpidae (Neur.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1910, 288–289.

    Navás, L. (1913) Neuroptera asiatica. II Series. Revue Russe d'Entomologie, 13, 424–430.

    Navás, L. (1930) Névroptères et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, 1, 1–12.

    Needham, J.G. (1909) Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 185–210.

    Qian, Z.-X. & Zhou, W.-B. (2001) Three new species of Mecoptera from Yunnan. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 18 (3), 297–300.

    Rust, M.K. & Byers, G.W. (1976) The Mecoptera of India and adjacent regions. The Universty of Kansas Science Bulletin, 51 (2), 19–90.

    Shi, Y.-F. (2002) Characteristics of late Quaternary monsoonal glaciation on the Tibetan Plateau and in East Asia. Quaternary International, 97–98, 79–91.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00053-8

    Shi, Y.-F., Zheng, B.-X. & Li, S.-J. (1992) Last glaciation and maximum glaciation in Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau: A controversy to M. Kuhle’s ice sheet hypothesis. Chinese Geographical Science, 2 (4), 293–311.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664561

    Shi, Y.-F., Li, J.-J., Li, B.-Y., Yao, T.-D., Wang, S.-M., Li, S.-J, Cui, Z.-J., Wang, F.-B., Pan, B.-T., Fang, X.-M. & Zhang, Q.-S. (1999) Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau and east Asia environmental change during late Cenozoic. Acta Geographica Sinica, 54 (1), 10–20.
    https://doi.org/10.11821/xb199901002

    Thornhill, R. (1980) Rape in Panorpa scorpionflies and a general rape hypothesis. Animal Behaviour, 28 (1), 52–59.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(80)80007-8

    Thornhill, R. & Sauer, K.P. (1991) The notal organ of the scorpionfly (Panorpa vulgaris): an adaptation to coerce mating duration. Behavioral Ecology, 2 (2), 156–164.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/2.2.156

    van der Weele, H.W. (1909) Mecoptera and Planipennia of Insulinde. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 1–100.

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2016) Two new species of the genus Panorpa Linnaeus (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys, 587, 151–162.
    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.587.7674

    Wang, J.-S. & Hua, B.-Z. (2017a) An annotated checklist of the Chinese Mecoptera with description of male Panorpa guttata Navás, 1908. Entomotaxonomia, 39 (1), 24–42.
    https://doi.org/10.11680/entomotax.2017003

    Wang, M. & Hua, B.-Z. (2017b) Discovery of Neopanorpa chillcotti Byers (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Tibet, China, with discussion of its generic status. Zootaxa, 4232 (2), 241–250.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.7

    Westwood, J. (1842) A monograph of the genus Panorpa, together with descriptions of species of various allied genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 298–300.

    Ye, Z., Chen, P.-P. & Bu, W.-J. (2016) Terrestrial mountain islands and Pleistocene climate fluctuations as motors for speciation: A case study on the genus Pseudovelia (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Scientific Reports, 6, 33625.
    https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33625

    Zhong, W. & Hua, B.-Z. (2013a) Dicerapanorpa, a new genus of East Asian Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera: Panorpidae) with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History, 47 (13–14), 1019–1046.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.752540

    Zhong, W. & Hua, B.-Z. (2013b) Mating behaviour and copulatory mechanism in the scorpionfly Neopanorpa longiprocessa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). PLoS ONE, 8 (9), e74781.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074781

    Zhong, W., Ding, G. & Hua, B.-Z. (2015a) The role of male's anal horns in copulation of a scorpionfly. Journal of Zoology, 295 (3), 170–177.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12194

    Zhong, W., Qi, Z.-Y. & Hua, B.-Z. (2015b) Atypical mating in a scorpionfly without a notal organ. Contributions to Zoology, 84 (4), 305–315.
    http://www.ctoz.nl/vol84/nr04/a03

    Zhou, W.-B. (2000) Six new species of Mecoptera from China. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 17 (3), 248–254.

    Zhou, W.-B., Hu, Y.-X., Wu, X.-P. & Wu, H. (1993) Six new species and two new records of Mecoptera from China. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 10 (2), 189–196.