Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4285 No. 1: 28 Jun. 2017
Type: Monograph
Published: 2017-06-28
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4285.1.1
Page range: 1–81
Abstract views: 131
PDF downloaded: 3

Systematics of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)

Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Divisão de Curso de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Insetos, Depto. de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP 29.933-415, São Mateus, ES, Brazil.
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Divisão de Curso de Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Ephemeroptera aquatic insects mayflies cladistic Neotropical region identification keys

Abstract

In the present paper, based on specimens from different regions of Brazil, we review the current knowledge of the Neotropical genus Simothraulopsis. A phylogenetic study was performed in order to address the relationships between all species and to test the monophyly of Simothraulopsis. For this purpose, 48 characters related to the external morphology of adults and nymphs were investigated. As a result, four new species are described; S. caliginosus sp.nov., S. dominguezi sp. nov., S. eurybasis sp. nov., S. inaequalis sp. nov. New taxonomic and biological information are added to this genus. Nymphs of S. diamantinensis Mariano, 2010 and S. janae Mariano, 2010 are described for the first time and several new distributional records for Brazil are provided. Additionally, keys for male imagos and nymphs of the genus are proposed. The phylogenetic analysis corroborated the monophyly of Simothraulopsis, however, the division in two subgenera as previously proposed was not recovered in our reconstruction.

 

References

  1. Boldrini, R. & Krolow, T.K. (2017) New records of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Tocantins state, northern Brazil. Check List, 13, 2067–2072.
    https://doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2067

    Bremer, K. (1994) Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics, 10, 295–304.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1994.tb00179.x

    Coleman, C.O. (2003) Digital inking: How to make perfect line drawings on computers. Organism, Diversity and Evolution, 14, 1–14.
    https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-6092-00081

    Coleman, C.O. (2006) Substituting time-consuming pencil drawings in arthropod taxonomy using stacks of digital photographs. Zootaxa, 1360, 61–68.

    Domínguez, E., Peters, W.L., Peters, J.G. & Savage, H.M. (1997) The imago of Simothraulopsis Demoulin with a redescription of the nymph (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Aquatic Insects, 19, 141–150.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01650429709361648

    Domínguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M.L., Hubbard, D.M. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. In: Adis, J., Arias, J.R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K.M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. ABLA. Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia, Moscow, pp. 1–646.

    Domínguez, E. (2009) Overview and phylogenetic relationships of the two-winged genera of South American Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera). Aquatic Insects, 31, 63–71.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420802518077

    Demoulin, G. (1966) Contribution à l'étude des Éphéméroptères du Surinam. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 42, 1–22.

    Goloboff, P. & Farris, J.S. (2001) Methods for quick consensus estimation. Cladistics, 17, 26–34.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2001.tb00102.x

    Goloboff, P.A., Farris, J.S. & Nixon, K. (2008) TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 24, 774–786.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x

    Goloboff, P.A. & Catalano, S.A. (2016) TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics, 32, 221–238.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12160

    Gonçalves, I.C., Da-Silva, E.L. & Takia, D.M. (2012) A remarkable new genus of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the Neotropics. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 251, 131–138.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2011.07.003

    Hadley, A. (2010) CombineZP, Image Stacking Software. Available from: http://www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/CZP/News.htm (accessed 10 July 2015)

    Hubbard, M.D. (1982) Catálogo abreviado de Ephemeroptera da América do Sul. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 34, 257–282.

    Hubbard, M.D. (1995) Toward a standard methodology for the description of mayflies (Ephemeroptera). In: Corkum L.D. & Ciborowski J.J.H. (Eds.), Current Directions in Research on Ephemeroptera. Canadian Scholars' Press, Inc., Toronto, pp. 361–369.

    Kluge, N.J. (1994) Pterothorax structure of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and its use in systematics. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 99, 41–61.

    Kluge, N.J. (2007) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16, 127–137.

    Lima, L.R.C., Salles, F.F. & Pinheiro, U. (2012) Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56, 304–314.
    https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262012005000043

    Mariano, R. (2010) Two new species of Simothraulopsis Traver, 1947 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from northeastern Brazil. Aquatic Insects, 32, 129–134.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420903393842

    Nascimento, J.M.C., Barcelos-Silva, P. & Salles, F.F. (2011) Two-winged Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Brazil: new species, records and stage description. Aquatic Insects, 33, 191–201.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01650424.2011.597408

    Nixon, K.C. (2002) WINCLADA. Program and documentation distributed by the author. Cornell University, Ithaca, EUA. [software]

    Prendini, L. (2000) Phylogeny and classification of the superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): an exemplar approach. Cladistics, 16, 1–78.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00348.x

    Salles, F.F., Nascimento, J.M.C., Massariol, F.C., Angeli, K.B., Barcelos-Silva, P., Rudio, J.A. & Boldrini, R. (2010) Primeiro levantamento da fauna de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropical, 10, 1–13.
    https://doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032010000100025

    Savage, H.M. (1982) A curious new genus and species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the southern coastal mountains of Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 17, 209–217.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01650528209360612

    Savage, H.M. (1987) Biogeographic classification of the neotropical Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) based upon geological centres of ancestral origin and ecology. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 22, 199–222.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01650528709360734

    Takiya, D.M., Santos, A.M.P., Pinto, A.P., Henriques-Oliveira, A.L., Carvalho, A.L. Sampaio, B.H.L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F.F.F., Capistrano, F.A, Corrêa, I.G., Cordeiro, I.R.S., Câmara, J.T., Barbosa, J.F., Souza, R.M. & Rafael, J.A. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceará State) and Sete Cidades (Piauí State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e8354.

    Traver, J.R. (1947) Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part II. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Revista de Entomologia, 18, 149–160.

    Traver, J.R. (1960) Uruguayan mayflies. Family Leptophlebiidae: Part III. Revista de la Sociedad Uruguaya de Entomologia, 4, 73–85