Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4236 No. 1: 22 Feb. 2017
Type: Article
Published: 2017-02-21
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.3
Page range: 65–81
Abstract views: 88
PDF downloaded: 41

Anopheles prachongae, a new species of the Gigas Complex of subgenus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand, contrasted with known forms of the complex

Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Museum of World Insects, 72 Nimamhemin 13, Huay-Kaeo Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Affiliate Professor, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC and Visiting Scientist, Catawba College, Salisbury, NC. Postal address: 661 Drumheller Road, Clemmons, North Carolina 27012, USA.
Diptera Anopheles baileyi mosquito prachongae n. sp. taxonomy systematics

Abstract

Anopheles (Anopheles) prachongae, a new species of the Gigas Complex from northern Thailand, is described and illustrated in the adult, pupal and larval stages, and bionomics and chaetotaxy tables are provided for the immature stages. The species is distinguished from Anopheles baileyi, the only other species of the complex known to occur in Thailand, and contrasted with other taxa of the complex that occur in the Oriental Region. Available morphological data indicate that An. gigas sumatrana is unique and is therefore formally afforded species status. The three other Sumatran subspecies may be conspecific. The taxonomic status of the non-Sumatran subspecies, i.e. crockeri (Borneo), formosus (Philippines), refutans (Sri Lanka) and simlensis (south-central Asia), is questioned but their status is unchanged pending further study.

 

References

  1. Alcock, A. (1913) Synopsis of the anopheline mosquitos [sic] of Africa and of the Oriental Region. Journal of the London School of Tropical Medicine, 2, 153‒166.

    Apiwathnasorn, C. (1986) A list of mosquito species in Southeast Asia. Museum and Reference Centre, SEAMEO-TROPMED National Centre of Thailand, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, vi + 73 pp.

    Barnes, M.E. (1923) Notes on the anopheline mosquitoes of Siam. American Journal of Hygiene, 3, 121‒126.

    Bonne-Wepster, J. & Swellengrebel, N.H. (1953) The anopheline mosquitoes of the Indo-Australian Region. J. H. de Bussy, Amsterdam, 504 pp.

    Christophers, S.R. (1931) Studies on the anopheline fauna of India. (Parts I‒IV). Records of the Malaria Survey of India, 2, 305‒332.

    Christophers, S.R. (1933) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. IV. Family Culicidae. Tribe Anophelini. Taylor and Francis, London, vi [iii] + 371 pp., 3 pls.

    Colless, D.H. (1955) New anopheline mosquitoes from North Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 6, 331‒342.

    Edwards, F.W. (1929) Mosquito notes.– VIII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 20, 321–343.
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300021283

    Giles, G.M. (1901) Descriptions of four new species of Anopheles from India. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 37, 196‒198.

    Hall, J.P.W. (2005) Montane speciation patterns in Ithomiola butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae): are they consistently moving up in the world? Proceeding of the Royal Society B, 272, 2457–2466.
    https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3254

    Harbach, R.E. (2013) Nyctomyia, a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Nyx Harbach & Linton, 2013 (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 3691 (1), 199.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.9

    Harbach, R.E. & Howard, T.M. (2007) Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1542, 35‒48.

    Harbach, R.E. & Taai, K. (2014) Nyctomyia biunguiculata, a new cavernicolous species of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) from southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3895 (3), 427‒432.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3895.3.7

    Harbach, R.E., Kitching, I.J., Culverwell, C.L., Howard, T.M. & Linton, Y.-M. (2013) Nyx pholeocola, a new genus and cavernicolous species of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) from southern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3683, 159‒177.

    Harrison, B.A. & Scanlon, J.E. (1975) Medical entomology studies ‒ II. The subgenus Anopheles in Thailand (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 12 (1), i–iv + 1‒307.

    Harrison, B.A., Rattanarithikul, R., Peyton, E.L. & Mongkolpanya, K. (1991) Taxonomic changes, revised occurrence records and notes on the Culicidae of Thailand and neighboring countries. Mosquito Systematics, 22, 196‒227. [for 1990]

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.

    James, S.P. & Liston, W.G. (1911) A monograph of the anopheline mosquitoes of India. 2nd Edition. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, [iv] + 128 pp., 36 pls.

    Knight, K.L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp.

    Kundig, A. (1934) Een variëteit van A. gigas uit Noord-Celebes. Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië, 74, 935‒938.

    Ludlow, C.S. (1909) Mosquito comment. Canadian Entomologist, 41, 21‒24.
    https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent4121-1

    Mochtar, R. & Walandouw, E.K. (1934) Een variëteit van A. gigas, (Uit Sumatra’s Westkust). Geneeskundig tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië, 74, 932‒935.

    Morgan, K., O’Loughlina, S.M., Mun-Yika, F., Linton, Y.-M., Somboone, P., Min, S., Htun, P.T., Nambanya, S., Weerasinghe, I., Sochantha, T., Prakash, A. & Walton, C. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neocellia Series of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Oriental Region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 588–601.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.022

    Nainggolan, F.J. (1939) Over een variëteit van Anopheles gigas uit Oedjali Kalah (Noord Kerintji), en de variabiliteit harer vleugelteekening. Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië, 79, 163‒170, 1 pl.

    Peyton, E.L. & Scanlon, J.E. (1966) Illustrated key to the female Anopheles mosquitoes of Thailand. U.S. Army Medical Component, South East Asia Treaty Organization, Bangkok, [iv] + 47 pp.

    Rattanarithikul, R. & Harrison, B.A. (1973) An illustrated key to the Anopheles larvae of Thailand. U.S. Army Medical Component, South East Asia Treaty Organization, Bangkok, 14 pp., 42 pls.

    Rattanarithikul, R., Harbach, R.E., Harrison, B.A., Panthusiri, P., Coleman, R.E. & Richardson, J.H. (2010) Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand VI. Tribe Aedini. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41 (Supplement 1), 1‒225.

    Rattanarithikul, R., Harrison, B.A., Harbach, R.E., Panthusiri, P. & Coleman, R.E. (2006) Illustrated Keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand. IV. Anopheles. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 37 (Supplement 2), 1‒128.

    Reid, J.A. (1968) Anopheline mosquitoes of Malaya and Borneo. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research Malaya. No. 31. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, xiii + 520 pp.

    Scanlon, J.E., Peyton, E.L. & Gould, D.J. (1968) An annotated checklist of the Anopheles of Thailand. Thai National Scientific Papers: Fauna Series, 2, 1‒35.

    Somboon, P., Thongwat, D. & Harbach, R.E. (2011) Anopheles (Cellia) rampae n. sp., alias chromosomal form K of the Oriental Maculatus Group (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 2810, 47‒55.

    Stojanovich, C.J. & Scott, H.G. (1966) Illustrated key to Anopheles mosquitoes of Thailand. U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, 158 pp.

    Stone, A., Knight, K.L. & Starcke, H. (1959) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, vi + 358 pp.

    Swellengrebel, N.H. & Rodenwaldt, E. (1932) Die anophelen von Niederländisch-Ostindien. 3te auflage. Gustav Fischer, Jena, viii + 242 + [2] pp., 24 pls.

    Taai, K. & Harbach, R.E. (2015) Systematics of the Anopheles barbirostris species complex (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 174, 244‒264, 15 online tables.

    Thurman, E.B. (1959) A contribution to a revision of the Culicidae of northern Thailand. University of Maryland Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin, A-100, 1‒182.

    Tsukamoto, M., Miyagi, I., Toma, T., Sucharit, S., Tumrasvin, W., Khamboonruang, C., Choochote, W., Phanthumachinda, B. & Phanurai, P. (1987) The mosquito fauna of Thailand (Diptera: Culicidae): An annotated checklist. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 15, 291‒326.
    https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh1973.15.291

    Waktoedi Koesoemawinangoen, R. (1954) Anophelini di Indonesia. Kjilid 1. Kementerian Kesehatam Republik Indonesia, Djakarta, xiii + 192 pp.

    Willmott, K.R., Hall, J.P.W. & Lamas, G. (2001) Systematics of Hypanartia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae), with a test for geographical speciation mechanisms in the Andes. Systematic Entomology, 26, 369–399.
    https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00157.x