Abstract
Aphaobius haraldi sp. n. from the mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) of the Austrian Alps is described, illustrated, and compared with the closest species of the genus. The new species belongs to the A. kraussi species group, formerly including five species. It can be readily separated from other species of the genus by the large parameres, with an enlarged apical part, a unique feature among species of Aphaobius. The phylogenetic position of the new species is clarified using mitochondrial and nuclear data of four related species of Aphaobius, plus some representatives of related genera from the same geographic area. The diversification of the group was estimated to be recent, dating from the Pleistocene. New records and molecular data are provided regarding the enigmatic monospecific genus of the Austrian Alps, Lotharia Mandl, 1944, which was found to be sister to the studied species of Aphaobius.
References
Barraclough, T.G., Hogan, J.E. & Vogler, A.P. (1999) Testing whether ecological factors promote cladogenesis in a group of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences, 266, 1061–1067.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0744Bognolo, M. & Vailati, D. (2010) Revision of the genus Aphaobius Abeille de Perrin, 1878 (Coleoptera, Cholevidae, Leptodirinae). Scopolia, 68, 1–75.
Cieslak, A., Fresneda, J. & Ribera, I. (2014) Life-history specialization was not an evolutionary dead-end in Pyrenean cave beetles. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences, 281 (1781), 1–8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2978Drovenik, B., Weber, F., Paill, W. & Assmann, T. (2007) Aphaenopidius kamnikensis Drovenik, 1987 in Kärnten. Angewandte Carabidologie, 8, 73–76.
Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary biology, 7, 214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-214Faille, A., Ribera, I., Deharveng, L., Bourdeau, C., Garnery, L., Queinnec, E. & Deuve, T. (2010) A molecular phylogeny shows the single origin of the Pyrenean subterranean Trechini ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54, 97–105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.008Faille, A., Casale, A., Balke, M. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular Phylogeny of Alpine subterranean Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 248.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-248Jeannel, R. (1911) Révision des Bathysciinae (Coléoptères Silphides). Morphologie, distribution géographique, systématique. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 47, 1–641.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63151Jeannel, R. (1924) Monographie des Bathysciinae. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 63, 1–436.
Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2008) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 9, 286–298.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn013Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A, Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Mentjies, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28, 1647–1649.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199López, H. & Oromí, P. (2010) A pitfall trap for sampling the mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) fauna. Speleobiology Notes, 2, 7–11.
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W., & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 November 2010, New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129Perreau, M. (2000) Catalogue des Coléoptères Leiodidae Cholevinae et Platypsyllinae. Mémoires de la Société entomologique de France, 4, 1–460.
Perreau, M. (2003) Contribution à la connaissance des Bathysciina de la «série d’Aphaobius» (sensu Jeannel, 1924) (Coleoptera: Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini). Annales de la Société entomologique de France, (Nouvelle Série), 39 (3), 211–224.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2003.10697377Piva, E. (2005) Nuove specie di Orostygia e Oryotus, con note sinonimiche (Coleoptera Cholevidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 84, 3–44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/memorieSEI.2005.3Ribera, I., Fresneda, J., Bucur, R., Izquierdo, A., Vogler, A.P., Salgado, J.M. & Cieslak, A. (2010) Ancient origin of a western Mediterranean radiation of subterranean beetles. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-29Rubink, W.L., Murray, K.D., Baum, K.A. & Pinto, M.A. (2003) Long term preservation of DNA from honey bees (Apis mellifera) collected in aerial pitfall traps. The Texas Journal of Science, 55, 159–168.
Shull, V.L., Vogler, A.P., Baker, M.D., Maddison, D.R. & Hammond, P.M. (2001) Sequence alignment of 18S ribosomal RNA and the basal relationships of adephagan beetles: evidence for monophyly of aquatic families and the placement of Trachypachidae. Systematic Biology, 50, 945–969.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106351501753462894Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene-sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain-reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 651–701.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.651Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Systematic Biology, 57, 758–771.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642Vailati, D. (1998) Ridescrizione di Orostygia tibialis Paoletti, 1979 (Coleoptera Cholevidae Leptodirinae) buona specie del massiccio Cansiglio-Monte Cavallo (Prealpi Venete). «NATURA BRESCIANA » Annali del Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali di Brescia, 31 [1995], 121–128.
Vogler, A.P., DeSalle, R., Assmann, T., Knisley, C.B. & Schultz, T.D. (1993) Molecular population genetics of the endangered tiger beetle Cicindela dorsalis (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 86, 142–152.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/86.2.142