Abstract
We revise the Neotropical spider genus Gelanor Thorell, 1869 (Mimetidae). Gelanor is distributed from northeast Mexico to southern Uruguay , from sea level to 1,600 m. We describe five new species of Gelanor and report eleven new synonymies. Gelanor is here circumscribed to include ten species: Gelanor fortuna new species, Gelanor juruti new species, Gelanor moyobamba new species, Gelanor siquirres new species, Gelanor waorani new species, Gelanor altithorax Keyserling, 1893 (= Gelanor lanei Soares, 1941 new synonymy), Gelanor consequus O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 (= Gelanor depressus Chickering, 1956 new synonymy, Gelanor gertschi Chickering, 1947 new synonymy and Gelanor heraldicus Petrunkevitch, 1925 new synonymy), Gelanor innominatus Chamberlin, 1916, Gelanor latus (Keyserling, 1881) (= Gelanor mixtus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 new synonymy, Gelanor mabelae Chickering, 1947 new synonymy, Gelanor ornatus Schenkel, 1953 new synonymy and Gelanor proximus Mello-Leitão, 1929 new synonymy) and Gelanor zonatus (C.L. Koch, 1845) (= Gelanor distinctus O-P. Cambridge, 1899 new synonymy, Gelanor insularis Mello-Leitão, 1929 new synonymy and Gelanor obscurus Mello-Leitão, 1929 new synonymy). In addition, we describe for the first time the males of G. altithorax and G. consequus. Species descriptions are provided for all ten species in the genus, together with a compilation of available data, including type specimens, type localities and morphological diagnoses. Light and electron microscope images and updated data on known geographical distributions, are also provided. We also discuss the phylogenetic placement of Gelanor in Mimetidae.
References
Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2007) A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mounting spiders for scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Arachnology, 35, 538–542.
Blackwall, J. (1863) Description of newly discovered spiders captured in Rio de Janeiro, by John Gray and the Rev. Hamlet Clark (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3 (11), 29–45.
Brown, B.V. (2013) Automating the "material examined" section of taxonomic papers to speed up species descriptions. Zootaxa, 3683 (3), 297–299.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3683.3.8Chamberlin, R.V. (1916) Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 60, 177–299.
Chickering, A.M. (1947) The Mimetidae (Araneae) of Panama. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 66, 221–248.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3223388Chickering, A.M. (1956) Three new species of Mimetidae (Araneae) from Panama. Breviora, 57, 1–14.
Dimitrov, D. & Hormiga, G. (2011) An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 161, 735–768.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00662.xDimitrov, D., Lopardo, L., Giribet, G., Arnedo, M.A., Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2012) Tangled in a sparse spider web: single origin of orb weavers and their spinning work unravelled by denser taxonomic sampling. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279, 1341–1350.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2011Dyal, S. (1935) Fauna of Lahore. 4. Spiders of Lahore. Bulletin of the Department of Zoology of the Panjab University, 1, i–ii, 119–252.
Harms D. (2007) Phylogeny of pirate spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Mimetidae) with reference to the Australasian fauna. Diplom-Biologe im Fach Biologie, Freie Universität, Berlin, 297 pp.
Heimer, S. (1986) Notes on the spider family Mimetidae with description of a new genus from Australia (Arachnida, Araneae). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, 49, 113–137.
Keyserling, E. (1881) Neue Spinnen aus Amerika. II. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 30, 547–582.
Keyserling, E. (1893) Die Spinnen Amerikas. Epeiridae. 4. Verlag von Bauer & Raspe (E. Kuster), 169 pp. [pp. 209–377]
Koch, C.L. (1845) Die Arachniden. Zwolfter Band. In der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 166 pp.
Maggenti, A.R., Maggenti, M.A. & Gardner, S.L. (2014) Dictionary of invertebrate zoology. Zea books, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 381 pp.
Petrunkevitch, A. (1925) Arachnida from Panama. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 27, 51–248.
Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1899) Arachnida. Araneida. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, 1, pp. 289–304.
Pickard-Cambridge, F.O. (1902) Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, 2, pp. 313–424.
Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1902) Arachnida. Araneida. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, London 1, pp. 305–316.
Mello-Leitão, C.F. de (1929) Mimetideos do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 16, 537–568.
Sanmartin, I. & Ronquist, F. (2004) Southern hemisphere biogeography inferred by event-based models: plant versus animal patterns. Systematic Biology, 53 (2), 216–243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150490423430Schenkel, E. (1953) Bericht über eingie Spinnentiere aus Venezuela. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 64, 1–57
Shear, W.A. (1981) Structure of the male palpal organ in Mimetus, Ero and Gelanor (Araneoidea, Mimetidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 170, 257–262.
Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: http://www.simplemappr.net (accessed 1 June 2015)
Simon, E. (1895) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Vol. 1. Roret, Paris, 324 pp. [pp. 761–1084]
Soares, B.A.M. (1941) Algumas aranhas novas do Brasil. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paolo, 1, 255–270.
Taczanowski, L. (1874) Les aranéides de la Guyane française. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 10, 56–115.
Thorell, T. (1869) On European spiders. Part I. Review of the European genera of spiders, preceded by some observations on zoological nomenclature. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, 3 (7), 1–108.