<strong>An annotated checklist of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Galápagos Islands</strong>

RICARDO L. PALMA; STEWART B. PECK

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3627.1.1

Issue: Vol. 3627 No. 1: 18 Mar. 2013

Type: Monograph

Published: 2013-03-18

DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3627.1.1

Page range: 1–87

Abstract views: 111

PDF downloaded: 4

An annotated checklist of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Galápagos Islands

RICARDO L. PALMA⁺⁻
STEWART B. PECK⁺⁻

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand

Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada

Phthiraptera Parasitic lice hosts Galápagos Islands new records references type material lectotype designations Kellogg Collection expeditions history

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (2MB)

Abstract

We list all described species and subspecies of parasitic lice from theGalápagos Islands, based on literature and specimen records. A total of eight families, 47 genera, and 104 species and subspecies of parasitic lice are listed, of which 26 are new species records and eight are new genus records. Also, we report 17 new host-louse associations. The checklist includes 17 endemic species (16 from birds, one from a mammal), 79 native species and subspecies (78 from birds, one from a mammal), and eight species and subspecies (five from birds, three from mammals) introduced by human agency. Nine species assigned in error to theGalápagos Islandsin the literature are discussed and deleted from the fauna. For each valid species and subspecies we give information on its taxonomic history, type material, host associations, geographic distribution, biogeographical status, systematic relationships, and relevant literature references. We also give a brief summary of louse biology, and an account of the history of louse collecting, expeditions, collections, and research relating toGalápagos Islandslice. We include a host-parasite list, and a list of hosts which breed in theGalápagos Islandsbut without lice recorded from them. Also, we formally designate four lectotypes from the Kellogg Collection.

References

Amerson, A.B. & Emerson, K.C. (1971) Records of Mallophaga from Pacific birds. Atoll Research Bulletin, 146, 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.146.1
Ansari, M.A.R. (1951) Mallophaga (Amblycera) infesting birds in the Panjab (India). Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India, 17(2), 127–203.
Austin, J.J., Bretagnolle, V. & Pasquet, E. (2004) A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the little-Audubon’s shearwater complex. The Auk, 121(3), 847–864.
h ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0847:AGMPOT]2.0.CO;2
Banks, J.C. & Palma, R.L. (2003) A new species and new host records of Austrogoniodes (Insecta, Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 30, 69–75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2003.9518325
Banks, J.C., Palma, R.L.& Paterson, A.M. (2005) Cophylogenetic relationships between penguins and their chewing lice. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19, 156–166.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00983.x
Banks, J.C. & Paterson, A.M. (2004) A penguin-chewing louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) phylogeny derived from morphology. Invertebrate Systematics, 18(1), 89–100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/IS03022
Barker, S.C. (1996) Trichodectidae; Anoplura. Pp. 231–247. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, Thysanoptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Volume 26, xiv + 414 pp.
Bedford, G.A.H. (1929) Anoplura (Siphunculata and Mallophaga) from South African hosts. 15th Annual report of the Director of Veterinary Services, Union of South Africa, 501–549.
Bedford, G.A.H. (1939) Notes on Menoponidae (Mallophaga) with descriptions of new genera and species. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 12(1), 121–152.
Blagoveshtchensky, D.I. (1940) Mallophaga s ptic Tališa. Parazitologičeskij Sbornik (Moscow & Leningrad), 8, 25–90.
Brinck, P. (1951) Anoplura from the Galapagos Islands. Nytt Magasin for Naturvidenskapene, 88, 246.
Browne, R.A., Anderson, D.J., Houser, J.N., Cruz, F., Glasgow, K.J., Hodges, C.N. & Massey, G. (1997) Genetic diversity and divergence of endangered Galápagos and Hawaiian petrel populations. The Condor, 99, 812–815.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1370494
Burmeister, H.C.C. (1838) Mallophaga. In: Handbuch der Entomologie, 2(1), 418–443. Berlin: Enslin.
Burmeister, H.C.C. (1839) Genera Insectorum. Rhynchota. 8 (no pagination). Berlin.
Carriker, M.A. Jr. (1944) Studies in Neotropical Mallophaga—N^o. IV. New genera and species. Boletín de Entomología Venezolana, 3(2), 65–104.
Carriker, M.A. Jr. (1949) On a collection of Mallophaga from Guam, Marianas Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 100(3254), 1–24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.100-3254.1
Carriker, M.J. Jr (1953) Neotropical Miscellany No. VI. New genus and species of Mallophaga. The Florida Entomologist, 36(4), 151–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3492153
Carriker, M.A. Jr. (1957) Notes on some of the Vernon L. Kellogg types of Mallophaga. Microentomology, 22(5), 95–110.
Carriker, M.A. Jr. (1960) New species of Ardeicola (Mallophaga) from Colombian hosts. Novedades Colombianas, 1, 317–329.
Carriker, M.A. Jr. (1966) New species and records of Mallophaga (Insecta) from Neotropical owls (Strigiformes). The American Midland Naturalist, 76(1), 74–99.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2423236
Castro, I. & Phillips, A. (1996) A guide to the birds of the Galápagos Islands. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 144 pp.
Causton, C.E., Peck, S.B., Sinclair, B.J., Roque-Albelo, L., Hodgson, C.J. & Landry, B. (2006) Alien insects: threats and implications for conservation of Galápagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 121–143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0121:AITAIF]2.0.CO;2
Chambers, P. (2004) A sheltered life: the unexpected history of the giant tortoise. John Murray, London. xiv + 306 pp.
Children, J.G. (1836) Catalogue of Arachnida and insects, collected by Mr. King, surgeon and naturalist to the expedition. Pp. 532–542. In: Back, G. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the mouth of the Great Fish River, and along the shores of the Arctic Ocean, in the years 1833, 1834, and 1835. London: John Murray. xii + 663 pp.
Choe, J.C. & Kim, K.C. (1987) Community structure of arthropod ectoparasites on Alaskan seabirds. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65(12), 2998–3005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-454
Cicchino, A.C. (1983) Especies nuevas o poco conocidas del género Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) parásitas de Passeriformes, Piciformes y Trogoniformes (Aves) americanos. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 42(1–4), 283–303.
Clay, T. (1936) Two new genera of Mallophaga. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. [no volume number], 615–618.
Clay, T. (1940a) Anoplura. British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, Scientific Reports, 1(5), 295–318, 1 pl.
Clay, T. (1940b) A revision of the genera and species of Mallophaga occurring on Gallinaceous hosts. Part II. Goniodes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (Series B), 110, 1–120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1940.tb00027.x
Clay, T. (1949) Systematic notes on the Piaget collections of Mallophaga.—Part I. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 2, 811–838, 895–921.
Clay, T. (1951a) Systematic nots on the Piaget collections of Mallophaga.—Pt II. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 4(38), 173–182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222935108654139
Clay, T. (1951b) Systematic notes on the Piaget collections of Mallophaga.—Pt III. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 4, 1159–1168, pl. 20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222935108654246
Clay, T. (1953) Systematic notes on the Piaget collections of Mallophaga.—Pt IV. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 6(69), 641–657.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222935308654467
Clay, T. (1959) Key to the species of Austromenopon Bedford (Mallophaga) parasitic on the Charadriiformes. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B), 28(11–12), 157–168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1959.tb00122.x
Clay, T. (1961) Three new species of Mallophaga (Insecta) –– A new species of Pectinopygus Mjöberg, 1910 (Philopteridae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 11(2), 53–58, pl. 1.
Clay, T. (1962) A key to the species of Actornithophilus Ferris with notes and descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 11(5), 189–244, pls 4–11.
Clay, T. (1964) Geographical distribution of the Mallophaga (Insecta). Bulletin of the British Ornithologist’s Club, 84, 14–16.
Clay, T. (1966) A new species of Strigiphilus (Philopteridae: Mallophaga). Pacific Insects, 8(4), 835–847.
Clay, T. (1967) Mallophaga (biting lice) and Anoplura (sucking lice). Part I: Austrogoniodes (Mallophaga) parasitic on penguins (Sphenisciformes). Pp. 149–155, 170–176. In Gressitt, J.L. (Ed.), Antarctic Research Series, volume 10, Entomology of Antarctica. Washington D.C., American Geophysical Union. xii + 395 pp.
Clay, T. (1973) The species groups of Pectinopygus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 29(4), 200–224, pls 1–3.
Clay, T. (1974) The Phthiraptera (Insecta) parasitic on flamingoes (Phoenicopteridae: Aves). Journal of Zoology, London, 172, 483–490.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb04380.x
Clay, T. (1981) The ischnoceran lice (Phthiraptera) of the oystercatchers (Aves: Haematopodidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59(6), 933–938.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z81-133
Clay, T. & Hopkins, G.H.E. (1950) The early literature on Mallophaga (part I. 1758–62). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 1(3), 221–272, pls 1–2.
Clay, T. & Hopkins, G.H.E. (1951) The early literature on Mallophaga (part II. 1763–1775). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 2(1), 1–37, pls 1–3.
Clay, T. & Hopkins, G.H.E. (1955) Notes on the Rudow Collection of Mallophaga at Hamburg. Mitteilungen aus den Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 53, 49–73.
Clay, T. & Hopkins, G.H.E. (1960) The early literature on Mallophaga (part IV, 1787–1818). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 9(1), 1–61, pls 1–6.
Clay, T. & Meinertzhagen, R. (1938) New genera and species of Mallophaga. The Entomologist, 71(907), 275–279.
Clay, T. & Meinertzhagen, R. (1939) Three new genera of Mallophaga from Charadriiformes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11), 4, 450–454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933908527008
Clay, T. & Moreby, C. (1967) Mallophaga (biting lice) and Anoplura (sucking lice). Part II: Keys and locality lists of Mallophaga and Anoplura. Pp. 157–169, 177–196. In Gressitt, J.L. (Ed.), Entomology of Antarctica. Antarctic Research Series. Washington D.C.: American Geophysical Union. 10, xii + 395 pp.
Clayton, D.H., Adams, R.J. & Bush, S.E. (2008) Phthiraptera, the chewing lice. Pp. 515–526. In: Atkinson, C.T., Thomas, N.J. & Hunter, D.B. (Eds.), Parasitic diseases of wild birds. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. xii + 595 pp
Clayton, D.H. & R.D. Price. (1999) Taxonomy of new world Columbicola (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Columbiformes (Aves), with descriptions of five new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 92(5), 675–685.
Conci, C. (1942) Quatro nuovi generi ed una nuova sottofamiglia di Menoponidae dei passeracei. Bolletino della Societá Entomologica Italiana (Genova), 74, 30–31.
Cummings, B.F. (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga, being a report upon a collection from the mammals and birds in the Society's Gardens. Part II. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [no volume number], 643–693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1916.tb02041.x
Dailey, M., Ellin, R. & Parás, A. (2005) First report of parasites from pinnipeds in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, with a description of a new species of Philophthalmus (Digenea: Philophthalmidae). Journal of Parasitology, 91(3), 614–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-3425
De Geer, C. (1778) Des Ricins. Pp. 69–82, pl. 4. In: De Geer, C., Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des insectes. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm. Volume 7. 950 pp., 49 pls.
De Vries, T. (1975) The breeding biology of the Galapagos hawk, Buteo galapagoensis. Le Gerfaut—Revue Belge d’Ornithologie, 65, 29–57.
Denny, H. (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae. Henry G. Bohn, London. xxiv + 262 pp., pls 1–26.
Dickinson, E.C. (Ed.) (2003) The Howard & Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world (Third edition). Christopher Helm, London. 1040 pp.
Durden, L.A. & Musser, G.G. (1994a) The sucking lice (Insecta: Anoplura) of the world: a taxonomic checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 218, 1–90.
Durden, L.A. & Musser, G.G. (1994b) The mammalian hosts of the sucking lice (Anoplura) of the world: A host-parasite list. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 19(2), 130–168.
Edwards, R.L. (1961) Studies of the Philopteridae (Mallophaga) from the birds of the order Procellariformes [sic]. 1. The genus Halipeurus. Journal of Parasitology, 47(1), 125–157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3274995
Eichler, W. (1940) Notulae Mallophagologicae.—IV. Neue Gattungen und höhere Einheiten der Kletterfederlinge. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 130(5/6), 97–103.
Eichler, W. (1943) Notulae Mallophagologicae. IX. Oedicnemiceps nov. gen. und andere interessante Federlinge von bemerkenswerten Wirten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 141(3/4), 57–61.
Eichler, W. (1947) Dr. E. Mjöberg’s zoological collections from Sumatra. 15. Mallophaga. Arkiv för Zoologi, 39A(2), 1–21.
Eichler, W. (1949) Phthirapterorum nova genera. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 79, 11–13.
Eichler, W. & Vasjukova, T.T. (1980) Die Mallophagengattung Anaticola. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 27(4/5), 335–375, pls 17–31.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19800270413
Emerson, K.C. (1947) Notes on the Menoponidae of North America. I. The Canadian Entomologist, 79, 135–141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent79135-7
Emerson, K.C. (1954) A review of the genus Menopon Nitzsch, 1818 (Mallophaga). Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 7, 225–232.
Emerson, K.C. (1955) A review of the genus Rallicola (Philopteridae, Mallophaga) found on Aramidae, Psophiidae and Rallidae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 48(4), 284–299.
Emerson, K.C. (1956) Mallophaga (chewing lice) occurring on the domestic chicken. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 29(2), 63–79.
Emerson, K.C. (1958) Catalogue of the types in the Snow Entomological Museum. Part II (Mallophaga). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 39(12), 507–518.
Emerson, K.C. (1960a) A new species of Physconelloides (Mallophaga) from Texas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 33(3), 121–124.
Emerson, K.C. (1960b) Notes on the Osborn Mallophaga types. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 73, 155–166.
Emerson, K.C. (1961) The Vernon L. Kellogg Mallophaga type material in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63(4), 247–254.
Emerson, K.C. (1964) Checklist of the Mallophaga of North America (North of Mexico) Part II. Suborder Amblycera. Dugway (Utah): Dugway Proving Ground. 104 pp.
Emerson, K.C. (1967) Catalog of forms described as new by M.A. Carriker, Jr. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 248, 57–150.
Emerson, K.C. (1972) Checklist of the Mallophaga of North America (North of Mexico) Part I. Suborder Ischnocera. Dugway (Utah): Deseret Test Center. 200 pp.
Emerson, K.C. & Price, R.D. (1975) Mallophaga of Venezuelan mammals. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin. Biological Series, 20(3), 1–77.
Enderlein, G. (1904) Läuse-Studien. I. Über die Morphologie, Klassifikation und systematische Stellung der Anopluren nebst Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Insektenordnungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 28, 121–147.
Enderlein, G. (1905) Läuse studien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 28, 220–223.
Enderlein, G. (1906) Läusestudien V. Schuppen als sekundäre Atmungsorgane, sowie über eine neue antarkische Echinophthiriiden-Gattung. 12. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der antarkischen Fauna. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 29, 659–665.
Ewing, H.E. (1924) Bird-infesting Mallophaga collected by the Williams Galapagos Expedition. Zoologica: Scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society, 5(7), 81–84.
Ewing, H.E. (1927) The hippoboscid fly Ornithomyia avicularia Linnaeus, as a carrier of Mallophaga. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 20(2), 245–250.
Ewing, H.E. (1929) A manual of external parasites. Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London. xvi + 225 pp.
Ewing, H.E. (1933) Neocolpocephalum, a new name for the mallophagan genus Ferrisia Uchida. Journal of Parasitology, 20, 65–66.
Fabricius, J.C. (1787) Mantissa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectis synonymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. Impensis Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae. Volume 2. 382 pp.
Fabricius, O. (1780) Fauna Groenlandica systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata. J.G. Rothe, Hafniae & Leipzig. xvi + 452 pp., pl. 1.
Fahrenholz, H. (1912) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Anopluren. Jahresbericht des Niedersächsischen Zoologischen Vereins, 2–4, 1–60.
Ferris, G.F. (1916a) Some generic groups in the mallophagan family Menoponidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 48, 301–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent48301-9
Ferris, G.F. (1916b) Notes on Anoplura and Mallophaga, from mammals, with descriptions of four new species and a new variety of Anoplura. Psyche, 23(4), 97–120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1916/10871
Ferris, G.F. (1921) Contributions toward a monograph of the sucking lice. Part II. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 2(2), 53–133. Stanford University Press: California.
Ferris, G.F. (1923) Contributions toward a monograph of the sucking lice. Part IV. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 2(4), 179–270. Stanford University Press: California.
Ferris, G.F. (1932) New species and other records of Mallophaga from the Marquesas. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 98, 53–72.
Ferris, G.F. (1934) Contributions toward a monograph of the sucking lice. Part VII. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 2(7), 473–526. Stanford University Press: California.
Ferris, G.F. (1935) Contributions toward a monograph of the sucking lice. Part VIII. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences, 2(8), 529–634. Stanford University Press: California.
Ferris, G.F. (1951) The sucking lice. Memoirs of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 1, 1–320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.115.2993.532
Gallego, J; Martín Mateo, M.P. & Aguirre, J.M. (1987) Malófagos de rapaces españolas. II. Las especies del género Craspedorrhynchus Kéler, 1938 parásitas de Falconiformes, con descripción de tres especies nuevas. Eos, 63, 31–66.
Giebel, C. (1866) Die im zoologischen Museum der Universität Halle aufgestellten Epizoen nebst Beobachtungen über dieselben. Zeitschrift für die gesammten Naturwissenschaften (Halle), 28(11/12), 353–397.
Giebel, C.G.A. (1874) Insecta epizoa. Die auf Säugetieren und Vögeln schmarotzenden Insecten nach Chr. L. Nitzsch's Nachlass bearbeitet. O. Wiegand, Leipzig. xvi + 308 pp., pls 1–20.
Göllner-Scheiding, U. (1973) Katalog der im zoologischen Museum Berlin vorhandenen Mallophagentypen. Lounais-Hämeen Luonto, 46, 29–46.
Guimarães, L.R. (1936) Contribuições para o conhecimento das Mallophagas das aves do Brasil. IV—Dois novos generos e uma nova especie da fam. Philopteridae. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 221–228, 4 pls.
Guimarães, L.R. (1942) Nota sobre o género Vernonia Guimarães, 1936. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia (São Paulo), 2(8), 133.
Guimarães, L.R. (1945) Sôbre alguns ectoparasitos de aves e mamíferos do litoral paranaense. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 4(7), 179–190, pls 16–18.
Gurlt, E.F. (1843) Über die auf den Haus-Säugetieren und Haus-Vögeln lebenden Schmarotzer– Insekten und Arachniden. Magazin für die gesammte Thierheilkunde, 9, 1–24, pl. 1.
Haeckel E. (1896) Systematische Phylogenie. 2. Theil. Systematische Phylogenie der wirbellosen Thiere (Invertebrata). Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin. 720 pp.
Haan de, W.M. (1829) Mallophaga. Pp. 309–311, pl. 5. In: Lyonet, P. Anatomie de différentes espèces d'insectes. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 18, 233–312, pls 4–6.
Hänel, C. & Palma,R.L. (2007) The lice of the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 57(1), 105–133.
Harris, M. (1989) The Collins field guide to the birds of Galapagos (Revised edition). The Stephens Greene Press, Lexington, Massachusetts. 160 pp., 12 pls.
Harrison, L. (1916) The genera and species of Mallophaga. Parasitology, 9(1), 1–156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000005989
Harrison, L. (1937) Mallophaga and Siphunculata. 2(1) pp. 1–47, pls 1–3, 7 fig. in Johnston, T.H. (Ed.), Scientific reports, Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911–14, Series C, Zoology and Botany. Sydney: Government Printer.
Hellmayr, C.E. & Conover, B. (1948) Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Zoological Series, Field Museum of Natural History, 13(1) N^o 2, 1–434.
Heraty, J.M. & Herrera, H.W. (2011) CDF Checklist of Galápagos ants, bees, wasps and related groups—FCD Lista de especies de hormigas, abejas, avispas y otros grupos relacionados de Galápagos. Pp. 1–8. In: Bungartz, F., Herrera, H., Jaramillo, P., Tirado, N., Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G., Ruiz, D., Guézou, A. & Ziemmeck, F. (Eds.), Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos species checklist—Lista de especies de Galápagos de la Fundación Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundación Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands. Available from: http://checklists.datazone.darwinfoundation.org/media/lists/download/2011_Heraty_et_al_Galapagos_Hymenoptera_Checklist.pdf (accessed 4 April 2012).
Hopkins, G.H.E. (1942) Notes on Trichodectidae (Mallophaga). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2(4), 439–453.
Hopkins, G.H.E. (1949) Stray notes on Mallophaga.—IX. 56. The various identities of Docophorus auratus. 57. The identity of Docophorus ambiguus Burmeister. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12), 2, 29–34, pls 1–2.
Hopkins, G.H.E. (1951) Stray notes on Mallophaga.—XI. 93. The identities of three forms described by Kellogg & Kuwana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12), 4, 375–377.
Hopkins, G.H.E. & Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera & species of Mallophaga. Trustees of the British Museum, London. 362 pp.
Hopkins, G.H.E. & Clay, T. (1953) Additions and corrections to the check list of Mallophaga. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12), 6, 434–448.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222935308654443
Hopkins, G.H.E. & Clay, T. (1955) Additions and corrections to the check list of Mallophaga.—II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12), 8, 177–190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222935508655628
Hopkins, G.H.E. & Timmermann, G. (1954) A revision of the species of Quadraceps (Mallophaga) parasitic on Tringinae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105(8), 131–150, 2 pls.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1954.tb00780.x
Horning, D.S., Palma, R.L. & Pilgrim, R.L.C. (1980) The lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) from the Snares Islands, New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series, 3, 1–17.
Hughes, J., Kennedy, M., Johnson, K.P., Palma, R.L. & Page, R.D.M. (2007) Multiple cophylogenetic analyses reveal frequent cospeciation between pelecaniform birds and Pectinopygus lice. Systematic Biology, 56(2), 232–251.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150701311370
Johnson, K.P., Adams, R.J. & Clayton, D.H. (2001) Molecular systematics of Goniodidae (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Journal of Parasitology, 87, 862–869.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0862:MSOGIP]2.0.CO;2
Johnson, K.P. & Clayton, D.H. (2003) The biology, ecology, and evolution of chewing lice. Pp. 449–476. In: Price, R.D., Hellenthal, R.A., Palma, R.L., Johnson, K.P. & Clayton, D.H. The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp.
Johnston, T.H. & Harrison, L. (1911) Notes on some mallophagan generic names. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 36(2), 321–328.
Johnston, T.H. & Harrison, L. (1912) A collection of Mallophaga from the Kermadecs. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 44, 363–373.
Kéler, S. von (1936) Über einige Mallophagen aus Rossitten. Arbeiten über morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem, 3(4), 256–264.
Kéler, S. von (1938a) Über einige Mallophagen aus Paraguay und Kamerun. Arbeiten über Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem, 5(3), 228–241.
Kéler, S. von (1938b) Über eine neue Gattung von Mallophagen, Eidmanniella n. gen. Annales Musei Zoologici Polonici, 13, 81–87.
Kéler, S. von (1952) On some Mallophaga of sea-birds from the Tristan da Cunha Group and the Dyer Island. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 15(2), 204–238.
Kéler, S. von (1957a) Die Mallophagen von Sturmvögeln und Rudderfüssern. I. Harrisoniella Bedford und Perineus Thompson (Mallophaga) (1. Fortsetzung). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 7(3/4), 281–297.
Kéler, S. von (1957b) Die Mallophagen von Sturmvögeln und Rudderfüssern. I. Harrisoniella Bedford und Perineus Thompson (Mallophaga) (2. Fortsetzung). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 7(5/6), 493–527.
Kéler, S. von (1960) Über die dualistische differenzierung der Gattung Anatoecus Cummings (Mallophaga). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 20, 207–316.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259517
Kellogg, V.L. (1896a) New Mallophaga, I,—with special reference to a collection made from maritime birds of the Bay of Monterey, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 6, 31–168, pls 2–15.
Kellogg, V.L. (1896b) New Mallophaga, II,—from land birds; together with an account of the Mallophagous mouth-parts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 6, 431–548, pls 60 –73.
Kellogg, V.L. (1899) New Mallophaga, III. Mallophaga from birds of Panama, Baja California and Alaska. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 6, 1– 52, pls 1–4.
Kellogg, V.L. (1903) Two new genera of Mallophaga. Biological Bulletin Wood's Hole, Massachusetts, 5, 85–91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1535514
Kellogg, V.L. (1906) A second collection of Mallophaga from the birds of the Galapagos and Revillagigedo Islands and neighboring waters. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 32, 315–324.
Kellogg, V.L. (1908) Mallophaga. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Brussels. 66, 1–87, 3 pls.
Kellogg, V.L. & Chapman, B.L. (1899) New Mallophaga, III. Mallophaga from birds of California. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 6, 53–143, pls 5–9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4069389
Kellogg, V.L. & Chapman, B.L. (1902) Mallophaga from birds of the Hawaiian Islands. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 10, 155–169, pls 13–15.
Kellogg, V.L. & Kuwana, S.I. (1902) Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition, 1898–1899. X. Entomological results (8). Mallophaga from birds. Proceedings of the Washington. Academy of Sciences, 4, 457–499, pls 28–31.
Kellogg, V.L. & Mann, W.M. (1912) A third collection of Mallophaga from Alaskan birds. Entomological News, 23, 12–17.
Kim, K.C., Pratt, H.D. & Stojanovich, C.J. (1986) The sucking lice of North America—An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park and London. xii + 241 pp.
Landry, B. & Roque-Albelo, L. (2004) First report of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) on the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, with descriptions of two new endemic species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111(3), 599–609.
Landry, B. & Roque-Albelo, L. (2010) The Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, a taxonomic revision. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 117(4), 697–770.
Ledger, J.A. (1980) The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara. IV. Phthiraptera (Insecta). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 56, 1–327.
Leonardi, M.S., Crespo, E.A., Raga, J.A. & Fernández, M. (2009) Redescription of Antarctophthirus microchir (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) from the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens, from Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Parasitology, 95(5), 1086–1092.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2050.1
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10^th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 1, 1–824.
Linsley, E.G. (1977) Insects of the Galápagos (Supplement). Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 125, 1–50.
Linsley, E.G. & Usinger R.L. (1966) Insects of the Galápagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. (4th Series), 33(7), 113–196.
Marshall, A.G. (1981) The ecology of ectoparasitic insects. Academic Press, London. xvi + 459 pp.
Martín-Mateo, M.P. (1996) Species of the genus Puffinoecus Eichler, 1949 (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) parasites on Shearwaters (Aves: Procellariidae). Research and Reviews in Parasitology, 56(1), 49–62.
Mey, E. (1989) Ein neuer Sturmvogelfederling (Insecta, Phthiraptera) aus dem Südatlantik. Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften, 2, 51–56.
Mey, E. (2001) A new Craspedorrhynchus species (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera) from Australia, with an annotated checklist of this chewing louse genus. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 48(1), 117–132.
Mjöberg, E. (1910) Studien über Mallophagen und Anopluren. Arkiv för Zoologi, 6(13), 1–296, pls 1–5.
Nelson, B.C. (1972) A revision of the new world species of Ricinus (Mallophaga) occurring on Passeriformes (Aves). University of California Publications in Entomology, 68, 1–130, pls 1–43.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4084710
Nelson, B.C. & Murray, M.D. (1971) The distribution of Mallophaga on the domestic pigeon (Columba livia). International Journal for Parasitology, 1, 21–29, 2 pls.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(71)90042-7
Neumann, L.G. (1890) Contribution a l'etude des Ricinidae parasites des oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidae. Bulletin de la Societe d'Historie Naturelle, Toulouse, 24, 55–69.
Neumann, L.G. (1906) Notes sur les Mallophages. I. –– Nomenclature. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 31, 54–60.
Neumann, L.G. (1912) Notes sur les Mallophages.—II. I.—Sur le genre Menopon (sous-genre Menacanthus n. subgen.). Archives de Parasitologie, Paris 15(3), 353–368.
Nitzsch, C.L. (1818) Die Familien und Gattungen der Theierinsekten (Insecta Epizoica); als ein Prodromus einer Naturgeschichte derselben. E.F. Germar’s Magazin der Entomologie, 3, 261–318.
Osborn, H. (1890) Mallophaga. Pp. 188–189. In: Howard, L.O. Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. fish commission steamer Albatross. No. V.—Annotated catalogue of the insects collected in 1887–88. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 12(771), 185–216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.771.185
Pacheco, J., Herrera, H.W. & Mackay, W. (2007) A new species of thief ant of the genus Solenopsis from the Galápagos Islands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 50(3), 1075–1086.
Page, R.D.M., Cruickshank, R., Dickens, M., Furness, R.W., Kennedy, M., Palma, R.L. & Smith, V. (2004) Phylogeny of “Philoceanus complex” seabird lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30, 633–652.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00227-6
Palma, R.L. (1978) Slide-mounting of lice: a detailed description of the Canada balsam technique. The New Zealand Entomologist, 6(4), 432–436.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779962.1978.9722313
Palma, R.L. (1994a) New synonymies in the lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infesting albatrosses and petrels (Procellariiformes). The New Zealand Entomologist, 17, 64–69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779962.1994.9721986
Palma, R.L. (1994b) The identity of Nirmus obtusus and other Quadraceps species (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Clipperton Island and the Galápagos Islands. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 24, 267–276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1994.9517471
Palma, R.L. (1995) A new synonymy and new records of Quadraceps (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Galápagos Islands. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 22(2), 217–222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1995.9518037
Palma, R.L. (1996) Laemobothriidae; Menoponidae; Ricinidae; Philopteridae. Pp 106–230. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, Thysanoptera. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing. Volume 26, xiv + 414 pp.
Palma, R.L. (1999) Amendments and additions to the 1982 list of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from birds in New Zealand. Notornis, 46, 373–387.
Palma, R.L. (2010) Host-parasite associations of lice (Phthiraptera) from the Azores Islands, pp. 194–195. Ordem Phthiraptera, pp. 214–215. In: Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Cascais. 432 pp.
Palma, R.L. (2011) New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes). Zootaxa, 3017, 1–45.
Palma, R.L. (2012) Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3478, 38–48.
Palma, R.L. & Jensen, J.-K. (2005) Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) and their host associations in the Faroe Islands. Steenstrupia, 29(1), 49–73.
Palma, R.L., Lovis, P.M. & Tither, C. (1989) An annotated list of primary types of the phyla Arthropoda (except Crustacea) and Tardigrada held in the National Museum of New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series, 20, 1–49.
Palma, R.L. & Pilgrim, R.L.C. (1984) A revision of the genus Harrisoniella (Mallophaga: Philopteridae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11(2), 145–166.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1984.10423754
Palma, R.L. & Pilgrim, R.L.C. (1988) [1987] A revision of the genus Perineus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 14(4), 563–586.
Palma, R.L. & Pilgrim, R.L.C. (2002) A revision of the genus Naubates (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 32(1), 7–60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2002.9517683
Palma, R.L. & Price, R.D. (2004) Apterygon okarito, a new species of chewing louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Okarito brown kiwi (Aves: Apterygiformes: Apterygidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 31(1), 67–73.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2004.9518361
Palma, R.L. & Price, R.D. (2006) Lice of the genus Philopterus Nitzsch (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) parasitic on hosts of the genus Emberiza (Passeriformes: Emberizidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 33, 1–6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2006.9518424
Palma, R.L. & Price, R.D. (2010) The species of Myrsidea Waterston (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Galápagos Islands, with descriptions of new taxa. Tuhinga—Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, 21, 135–146.
Parker, P.G., Whiteman, N.K. & Miller, R.E. (2006) Conservation medicine on the Galápagos Islands: Partnerships among behavioral, population, and veterinary scientists. The Auk, 123(3), 625–638.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[625:CMOTGI]2.0.CO;2
Paterson, A.M., Palma, R.L. & Gray, R.D. (2003) Drowning on arrival, missing the boat, and x-events: how likely are sorting events? Pp. 287–309. In: Page, R.D.M. (Ed.), Tangled trees. Phylogeny, cospeciation, and coevolution. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. x + 350 pp.
Peck, S.B. (2001) Smaller orders of insects of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador: Evolution, ecology, and diversity. National Research Council of Canada, Monograph Publishing Program, Ottawa. xii + 278 pp.
Peck, S.B. (2006) The beetles of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador: Evolution, ecology, and diversity (Insecta: Coleoptera). National Research Council of Canada, Monograph Publishing Program, Ottawa. xiv + 313 pp.
Peck, S.B., Heraty, J., Landry, B. & Sinclair, B.J. (1998) Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist, 44(4), 218–237.
Perry, R. (Ed.) (1984) Key environments—Galapagos. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources & Pergamon Press, Oxford. x + 321 pp.
Peters, M.B., Hagen, C., Whiteman, N.K., Parker, P.G. & Glenn, T.C. (2009a) Characterization of 10 microsatellite loci in an avian louse, Degeeriella regalis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(3), 882–884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02363.x
Peters, M.B., Whiteman, N.K., Hagen, C., Parker, P.G. & Glenn, T.C. (2009b) Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers isolated from the widespread avian louse Colpocephalum turbinatum (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae). Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(3), 910–912.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02473.x
Piaget, E. (1880) Les Pédiculines. Essai Monographique. Leide: E.J. Brill. xxxix + 714 pp., pls 1–56.
Piaget, E. (1883) Quelques pédiculines nouvelles ou peu connues. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 26(2), 152–158, pl. 9.
Piaget, E. (1890) Quelques pédiculines nouvelles. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 33, 223–259, 8 pls.
Picaglia, L. (1884) Intorno alla divisione del genero Menopon nei due sottogeneri Menopon e Piagetia, — Piagetia ragazzii n. sp. Atti della Societá dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena (Series 3), 2, 103–108.
Pilgrim, R.L.C. (1976) Mallophaga on the rock pigeon (Columba livia) in New Zealand, with a key to their identification. New Zealand Entomologist, 6(2), 160–164.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779962.1976.9722231
Pilgrim, R.L.C. & Palma, R.L. (1979) A redescription of Perineus concinnus (Mallophaga: Philopteridae). Pacific Insects, 21(2–3), 172–178.
Pilgrim, R.L.C. & Palma, R.L. (1982) A list of the chewing lice (Insecta: Mallophaga) from birds in New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series, 6, 1–32 [also published as Notornis 29 (supplement)].
Price, R.D. (1967) The Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Pelecaniformes. The Canadian Entomologist, 99(3), 273–280.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent99273-3
Price, R.D. (1970) The Piagetiella (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Pelecaniformes. The Canadian Entomologist, 102(4), 389–404.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent102389-4
Price, R.D. (1974) A review of the genus Pseudomenopon (Mallophaga: Menoponidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67(1), 73–84.
Price, R.D. (1977) The Menacanthus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Passeriformes (Aves). Journal of Medical Entomology, 14(2), 207–220.
Price, R.D. & Beer, J.R. (1963a) Species of Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) parasitic upon the Falconiformes. The Canadian Entomologist, 95(7), 731–763.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent95731-7
Price, R.D. & Beer, J.R. (1963b) The species of Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) known to occur on the Strigiformes. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 36(1), 58–64.
Price, R.D. & Beer, J.R. (1965) The Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Ciconiiformes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58(1), 111–131.
Price, R.D. & Clay T. (1972) A review of the genus Austromenopon (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the Procellariiformes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 65(2), 487–504.
Price, R.D., Clayton, D.H. & Hellenthal, R.A. (1999) Taxonomic review of Physconelloides (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the Columbiformes (Aves), including descriptions of three new species. Journal of Medical Entomology, 36(2), 195–206.
Price, R.D., Hellenthal, R.A., Palma, R.L., Johnson, K.P. & Clayton, D.H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp.
Rudow, F. (1866) Charakteristik neuer Federlinge. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften (Halle) (N.F. 2), 27(6), 465–477.
Rudow, F. (1869) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Mallophagen oder Pelzfresser. Neue exotische Arten der Familie Philopterus. Dissertation Universitat Leipzig, 1–47.
Ryan, S.O. & Price, R.D. (1969a) A review of the genus Eidmanniella (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the Pelecaniformes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62(4), 817–823.
Ryan, S.O. & Price, R.D. (1969b) The new genus Fregatiella (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) for Menopon aurifasciatum from the Frigate-bird. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62(4), 823–825.
Santiago-Alarcón, D., Whiteman, N.K., Parker, P.G., Ricklefs, R.E. & Valkiūnas, G. (2008) Patterns of parasite abundance and distribution in island populations of Galapagos endemic birds. Journal of Parasitology, 94(3), 584–590.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-1351.1
Sari, E.H.R., Klompen, H. & Parker, P.G. (2012) Tracking the origins of lice, haemosporidian parasites and feather mites of the Galápagos flycatcher (Myiarchus magnirostris). Journal of Biogeography. Published online 12 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12059
Scharf, W.C. & Price, R.D. (1965) A taxonomic study of the genus Cuculiphilus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 58(4), 546–555.
Scopoli, J.A. (1763) Entomologia Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linnaeana. Trattner, Wien. xxxvi + 421 pp.
Sinclair, B.J. (2009) Dipteran biodiversity of the Galápagos. Chapter Four, 98–120. In: Pape, T., Bickel, D. & Meier, R. (Eds.), Diptera diversity: status, challenges and tools. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. xviii + 459 pp.
Stafford, E.W. (1943) Algunos Mallophaga venezolanos—Some Venezuelan Mallophaga. Boletín de Entomología Venezolana, 2, 35–58.
Štefka, J., Hoeck, P.E.A., Keller, L.F. & Smith, V.S. (2011) A hitchhikers guide to the Galápagos: co-phylogeography of Galápagos mockingbirds and their parasites. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, 284–301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-284
Tandan, B.K. & Brelih, S. (1971) A new species of Anaticola (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). The Entomologist, 104, 268–275.
Taschenberg, O. (1882) Die mallophagen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Dr. Meyer gesammelten Arten systematisch bearbeitet. Nova Acta der Kaiserlich Leopoldinisch-Carolinisch Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher, 44(1), 1–244, pls 1–7.
Tendeiro, J. (1965) [1962]. Estudos sobre malófagos. Revisão monográfica do género Columbicola Ewing (Ischnocera, Philopteridae). Memorias da Junta de Investigaçoes do Ultramar (Series 2), 32, 1–462, 175 pls.
Tendeiro, J. (1967) Études sur les Mallophages. Sur trois espèces du genre Trinoton Nitzsch, 1818 (Amblycera, Menoponidae). Revista dos Estudos Gerais Universitários de Moçambique (Series 4), 4, 25–70.
Tendeiro, J. (1980) Estudos sobre os goniodídeos (Mallophaga, Ischnocera) dos Columbiformes: género Physconelloides Ewing, 1927. Estudos, Ensaios e Documentos, Junta de Investigações Cientificas do Ultramar, 133, 1–210.
Thompson, G.B. (1935a) Preliminary descriptions of three new genera of Mallophaga (Subfamily Esthiopterinae). Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 10), 16, 148–151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508655029
Thompson, G.B. (1935b) A new genus of Mallophaga allied to Pseudonirmus Mjöberg, together with a note on the genus Naubates Bedford (subfamily Esthiopterinae). Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 10), 16, 485–488.
Thompson, G.B. (1936) Three new genera of Mallophaga (Subfam. Esthiopterinae). Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 10), 18, 40–43.
Thompson, G.B. (1937a) A list of the Denny collection of Mallophaga in the British Museum (Natural History) and their hosts. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 10), 19, 74–81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933708655240
Thompson, G.B. (1937b) Further notes on the association of Hippoboscidae and Mallophaga.—II. Mallophaga associated with insects other than Hippoboscidae. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 10), 20, 441–444.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933708655366
Thompson, G.B. (1938a) On two species of Mallophaga from Phaëthon rubricauda roseotincta (Mathews). Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 11), 2, 458–464.
Thompson, G.B. (1938b) The Mallophaga (biting-lice) recorded from the Pacific Islands. Entomologist’s monthly magazine, 74, 184–189, 202–208.
Thompson, G.B. (1939) The Mallophaga (biting-lice) recorded from the Pacific Islands. Entomologist’s monthly magazine, 75, 13–18, 71–76, 120–123, 209–218.
Thompson, G.B. (1940) Notes on species of the genus Pectinopygus (s. l.) (Mallophaga).—II. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 11), 5, 429–432.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222934008527056
Thompson, G.B. (1948a) Notes on species of the genus Pectinopygus (s.l.)–– (Mallophaga).—IV. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 11), 14, 317–327.
Thompson, G.B. (1948b) Notes on species of the genus Pectinopygus (s.l.). (Mallophaga).—V. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 11), 14, 346–352.
Thompson, G.B. (1948c) The lice of petrels.—Part IV. The genus Episbates. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series. 11), 14, 661–671, pl. 19.
Thompson, G.B. (1948d) Records and descriptions of Mallophaga from Jamaican birds.—Part I. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 1, 48–58.
Thompson, G.B. (1950) A list of the type-hosts of the Mallophaga and the lice described from them. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12), 3, 269–287.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222935008654052
Timmermann, G. (1936) Saemundssonia nov. gen., ein neues Mallophagengenus, aufgestellt für Philopterus gonothorax (Giebel) und verwandte Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 114 (3/4), 97–100.
Timmermann, G. (1950) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Ektoparasitenfauna isländischer Säugetiere und Vögel. 4. Mitteilung. Die Gattung Quadraceps Clay & Meinertzhagen, 1939 und verwandte Genera Mallophagorum. Fauna Islandica. Miscellaneous papers on Icelandic zoology, 2, 1–8.
Timmermann, G. (1951) Nýjungar um lúsaaettkvíslina Saemundssonia Tim. Náttúrufraeðingurinn, 21, 140–143.
Timmermann, G. (1952a) The species of the genus Quadraceps (Mallophaga) from the Larinae, with some remarks on the systematics and the phylogeny of the gulls. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 5(51), 209–222, pl. 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222935208654284
Timmermann, G. (1952b) Revision der bei Seeschwalben schmarotzenden Kletterfederlinge der Gattung Quadraceps (Clay u. Meinertzhagen). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 148, 71–87.
Timmermann, G. (1953) Die Federläuse des Säbelschnäblers. Bombus—Faunistische Mitteilungen aus Nordwestdeutschland, 78/79, 329–333.
Timmermann, G. (1954a) Studien über Mallophagen aus den Sammlungen des Britischen Museums (Nat. Hist.), London. II. Das Amblycerengenus Actornithophilus Ferris, 1916. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series. 12), 7, 829–841, pl. 26.
Timmermann, G. (1954b) Vorläufige Übersicht über das Amblyceren-Genus Austromenopon Bedford, 1939 (Mallophaga). Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 5(3/4), 195–206.
Timmermann, G. (1954c) Neue and wenig bekannte Kletterfederlinge von charadriiformen Wirten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 152(7/8), 163–177.
Timmermann, G. (1955) Studien über Mallophagen aus den Sammlungen des Britischen Museums (Nat. Hist.), London. 3. Mitteilung. Annals and magazine of natural history (Series 12), 8, 513–534.
Timmermann, G. (1956) Quadraceps niethammeri n. sp. und andere neue Federlinge aus den Gattungen Quadraceps, Saemundssonia und Austromenopon. Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 7(1/3), 186–192.
Timmermann, G. (1957) Studien zu einer vergleichenden Parasitologie der Charadriiformes oder Regenpfeifervögel. 1: Mallophaga. Parasitologische Schriftenreihe, 8, 1–204, pls 1–15.
Timmermann, G. (1959) Taxonomie und hospitale Verbreitung der Mallophagengattung Trabeculus Rudow, 1866. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 19, 485–502.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259737
Timmermann, G. (1960) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. II. Genus Halipeurus Thompson 1936. 1. Teil: Die Halipeurus-Arten der “gadfly-petrels” (Genera Pterodroma und Bulweria). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 20, 317–334.
Timmermann, G. (1961a) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. II. Genus Halipeurus Thompson 1936. 2. Teil: Die Halipeurus-Arten der Wasserscherer (Puffininae), Sturmtaucher (Pelecanoididae) und Sturmschwalben (Hydrobatidae). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 20, 401–419.
Timmermann, G. (1961b) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. III. Genus Philoceanus Kellogg, 1903. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 20, 525–537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333235
Timmermann, G. (1961c) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. IV. Genera Pseudonirmus Mjöberg, 1910, Bedfordiella Thompson, 1937, und Episbates Harrison, 1935. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 21, 30–45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260175
Timmermann, G. (1962) Neue Zangenläuse (Mallophaga, Philopteridae) von procellariiformen und charadriiformen Wirten. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 21, 426–436.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260996
Timmermann, G. (1963a) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. VI. Die Austromenopon-Arten der Sturmvögel. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 22, 401–427.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259592
Timmermann, G. (1963b) Ein interessanter neuer Kletterfederling vom Galapagos-Albatros. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, 14(1/2), 157–164.
Timmermann, G. (1964) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. VII. Die Pectinopygus-Arten der Großkormorane (Gen. Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 s. str.). Mitteilungen aus den Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut (Kosswig-Festschrift), 271–284, 1 pl.
Timmermann, G. (1965) Die Federlingsfauna der Sturmvögel und die Phylogenese des procellariiformen Vogelstammes. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, N. F. 8 (Supplement), 1–245, pls 1–12.
Timmermann, G. (1969a) Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. VIII. Die Formenkreise Saemundssonia scolopacis-phaeopodis (Schrank), 1803, Saemundssonia platygaster (Denny), 1842 und Saemundssonia africana Timmermann, 1951. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 183(3/4), 225–256.
Timmermann, G. (1969b) Neue Mallophagen aus dem Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Bonner zoologische Beiträge, 20(1/3), 244–252.
Timmermann, G. (1971) ”Regelwidrigkeiten” im Ausbreitungsbild bei Vogelmallophagen (erläutert an den Kletterfederlingen der Watvögel und Möwen). Mitteilungen aus den Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 67, 135–174.
Trouessart, E.L. & Neumann, L.G. (1888) Le pou de l’otarie (Echinophthirius microchir, n. sp.). Le Naturaliste, 10, 80–81.
Tuff, D.W. (1967) A review of North American Ardeicola (Mallophaga: Philopteridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 40(2), 241–263.
Uchida, S. (1926) Studies on amblycerous Mallophaga of Japan. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tokyo, 9(1), 1–56.
Ward, R.A. (1953) Brief notes on the Mallophaga. I. 1. The identity of Saemundssonia peristicta (Kellogg & Kuwana) (Philopteridae). Entomological News, 64(8), 201–203.
Ward, R.A. (1955) Biting lice of the genus Saemundssonia (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) occurring on terns. Proceedings of the United States National. Museum, 105(3353), 83–100.
Ward, R.A. & Downey, J.C. (1973) Checklist of the Mallophaga of Midway Atoll, Pacific Ocean. Journal of Medical Entomology, 10(4), 391–396
Waterston, J. (1915) On two new species of Mallophaga (Menoponidae): Menacanthus balfouri n. sp. and Myrsidea victrix n. sp. from Colombia. Entomologist's monthly magazine, 51, 12–16, pl. 1.
Werneck, F.L. (1950) Os Malófagos de Mamíferos. Parte II: Ischnocera (continuação de Trichodectidae) e Rhyncophthirina [sic]. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. 207 pp.
Westwood, J.O. (1874) Thesaurus entomologicus Oxoniensis. Clarendon Press, Oxford. xxiv + 205 pp., pls 1–40.
Whiteman, N.K., Dosanjh, V.S., Palma, R.L., Hull, J.M., Kimball, R.T., Sánchez, P., Sarasola, J.H. & Parker, P.G. (2009) Molecular and morphological divergence in a pair of bird species and their ectoparasites. Journal of Parasitology, 95(6), 1372–1382.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2009.1
Whiteman, N.K., Kimball, R.T. & Parker, P.G. (2007) Co-phylogeography and comparative population genetics of the threatened Galápagos hawk and three ectoparasite species: ecology shapes population histories within parasite communities. Molecular Ecology, 16(22), 4759–4773.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03512.x