Abstract
The five instars of Teleonemia scrupulosa Stål are described. The postembryonic ontogenetic development of integumen-tary structures is emphasized, with a discussion on its potential use in cladistic studies within Tingidae.
References
Aldrich, J.R., Neal Jr., J.W., Oliver, J.E. & Lusby, W.R. (1991) Chemistry vis-à-vis maternalism in lace bugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae): Alarm pheromones and exudate defense in Corythucha and Gargaphia species. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 17 (11), 2307–2322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988010
Drake, C.J. (1922) The life history of the birch tingitid, Corythucha pallipes Parshley. Technical publication of the New York State College of Forestry No. 16, 22 (5), 111–116.
Drake, C.J. & Ruhoff, F.A. (1965) Lacebugs of the World: A Catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). United States Museum Bulletin, 243, 1–634 . http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.243.1
Fyfe, R.V. (1937) The Lantana bug, Teleonemia lantanae. Journal of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. 10, 181–186.
Guilbert, E. (2004a) Immature stages of New Caledonian Tingidae (Heteroptera): Description and development. European Journal of Entomology, 101, 261–271.
Guilbert, E. (2004b) Do larvae evolve the same way as adults in Tingidae (Insecta: Heteroptera)? Cladistics, 20, 139–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00015.x
Guilbert, E. (2005) Morphology and evolution of larval outgrowths of Tingidae (Insecta, Heteroptera), with description of new larvae. Zoosystema, 27 (1), 95–113.
Guilbert, E. (2008) Heterochrony in Tingidae (Insecta: Heteroptera): paedomorphosis and/or peramorphosis? Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 93, 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00939.x
Habeck, D.H., Mead, F.W. & Fasulo, T.R. (2001) Lantana Lace Bug, Teleonemia scrupulosa Stål (Insecta: Hemiptera: Tingidae). Available from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in514. (November 2012).
Khan, A.H. (1945) On the Lantana bug (Teleonemia scrupulosa Stål). Indian Journal of Entomology, 6, 149–161.
Lee, C.E. (1969) Morphological and phylogenic studies on the larvae and male genitalia of the East Asiatic Tingidae (Heteroptera). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture of the Kyushu University, 15 (2), 137–272.
Livingstone, D. (1978) On the body outgrowths and the phenomenon of ‘sweating’ in the nymphal instars of Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History, 12, 377–394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937800770251
Mason, J.R., Neal, Jr., Oliver, J.E. & Lusby, W.R. (1991) Bird-repellent properties of secretions from nymphs of the Azalea Lace bug. Ecological Applications, 1 (2), 226–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941815
May, B.M. (1977) The immature stages and biology of the lacebug Tanybyrsa cumberi Drake (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 7 (3), 303–312.
Montemayor, S.I. (2009) Description of a new Corythucha Stål from Argentina (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), with a description of its life cycle. Zootaxa, 2170, 61–68.
Montemayor, S.I. & Dellapé, P.M. (2010) On the identity of Gargaphia subpilosa Berg, 1879, G. bergi Monte, 1940 and G. penningtoni Drake, 1928 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae), with the description of immatures of G. bergi. Zoosystema, 32 (1), 155–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2010n1a8
Pupedis, R.J., Schaefer, C.W. & Rodrigues, P.D. (1985) Postembryonic changes in some sensory structures of the Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 58 (2), 277–289.
Roonwal, M.L. (1952) The natural establishment of an important insect in India, Teleonemia scrupulosa Stål (=lantanae Distant; Hemiptera, Tingidae) with a description of its eggs, nymphs and adult. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 4, 1–16.
Scholze, W. (1992) “Sekretschwitzen” bei netzwanzenlarven: Zur Morphologie, chemie und biologischen Bedeutung von Integument bildungen mit sekretorischer Funktion bei netzwanzenlarven (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 246 pp.
Simmonds, H.W. (1929) The Life History of Teleonemia lantanae. Fiji Agricultural Journal, 2, 36–39.
Stål, C. (1873) Enumeratio Hemipterorum, 3. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskakademiens handlingar, 11 (2), 1–163.
Stusak, J.M. (1962) The nymphal instars of four lace bugs from Czechoslovakia (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Casopis Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Entomologicke, 59 (2), 111–123.
Stusak, J.M. & Ŝtys, P. (1959) Investigations on the taxonomy and morphology of imagines and nymphs of some species of the genus Monanthia Le Peletier et Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae-Biologica, 3, 177–205.
Tallamy, D.W. & Denno, R.F. (1982) Life history trade-offs in Gargaphia solani (Hemiptera: Tingidae): The cost of reproduction. Ecology, 63 (3), 616–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1936779