Abstract
New collections of New Zealand ancorinid sponges with sanidasters, regular and sanidaster-like microrhabds, andamphiaster-like microscleres, has prompted us to review the integrity of ancorinid genera Ancorina Schmidt, EcionemiaBowerbank, and Stryphnus Sollas (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae). The varietal name in Ancorina progressa(von Lendenfeld 1907) var. diplococcus Dendy, 1924 has been elevated to full species status, and A. stalagmoides (Dendy,1924) has been redescribed. Two new species, A. bellae sp. nov., from the Three Kings Islands, and A. globosa sp. nov.,from Campbell Rise, have been described. Two New Zealand species previously assigned to Ancorina by Dendy (1924)have been transferred to Ecionemia: E. alata (Dendy 1924) and E. novaezelandiae (Dendy 1924). The genus Stryphnus isrecorded for the first time in New Zealand waters, and 6 new species are described here; S. poculum sp. nov., S. levis sp.nov., S. novaezealandiae sp. nov., S. spelunca sp. nov., and S. atypicus sp. nov. Specimens identified as Asteropus simplex(Carter 1879) by Dendy (1924) and Bergquist (1968), a genus without triaenes, have been transferred to Stryphnus and renamed as S. ariena sp. nov., as all specimens contained rare triaenes.References
Alcolado, P.M. & Gotera, G.G. (1986) Nuevas adiciones a la fauna de poríferos de Cuba. Poeyana, 331, 1–19.
Bergquist, P.R. (1965) The sponges of Micronesia, Part I. The Palau Archipelago. Pacific Sciences, 19, 123–204.
Bergquist, P.R. (1968) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, part 1 (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin No. 37, Wellington, 106 pp.
Boury-Esnault, N., Pansini, M. & Uriz, M.J. (1994) Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibéro-marocain. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 160, 1–174.
Boury-Esnault, N. & Rutzlier, K. (1997) Thesaurus of Sponge Morphology. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 596, 1–55.
Bowerbank, J.S. (1862) On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part III On the generic characters, the specific characters, and on the method of examination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 152, 1087–1135, pls LXXII–LXXIV.
Bowerbank, J.S. (1864) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Ray Society, London, 290 pp.
Bowerbank, J.S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. Ray Society, London, 388 pp.
Bowerbank, J.S. (1873) Contributions to a general history of the spongiadae. Part V. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, 319–333, pls XXVIII–XXXI.
Cárdenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H.T. & Diaz, M.C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1–39.
Cárdenas, P., Xavier, J.R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. & Tore Rapp, H. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6, e18318.
Carter, H.J. (1879) Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 3, 284–304, 343–360, pls XXV–XXVII.
Carter, H.J. (1883) Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Pachytragida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 11, 344–369, pls XIV–XV.
Carter, H.J. (1886) Descriptions of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 17, 40–53, 112–127, 431–441, 502–516.
Carvalho, M.S. (2008) Revisão taxonômica de Astrophorida e Halichondrida do Chile (Demospongiae, Porifera), filogenia e biogeografia de Asteropus (Ancorinidae, Astrophorida) com uma discussão acerca das rotas trans-Pacíficas. PhD, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 282 pp.
Chombard, C., Boury-Esnault, N. & Simon, T. (1998) Reassessment of homology of morphological characters in Tetractinellid sponges based on molecular data. Systematic Biology, 47, 351–366.
de Laubenfels, M.W. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91, 1–28.
de Laubenfels, M.W. (1954) The sponges of the West-Central Pacific. Oregon State Monographs. Studies in Zoology, 7, 1–306, pls I–XII.
Dendy, A.O. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W.A. (Ed.) Report to the Government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf on Manaar. 3 (supplement 18). Royal Society, London, pp. 57–246.
Dendy, A.O. (1916) Report on the non-calcareous sponges collected by My James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905–6. Report to the government of Baroda on the marine zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar, 2, 93–146, pls I–IV.
Dendy, A.O. (1924) Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic Sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (“Terra Nova”) Expedition, 1910. Zoology, 6, 269–392, pls 1–15.
Dendy, A.O. & Frederick, L.M. (1924) On a collection of sponges from the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 35, 477–519, pls 25–26.
Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (2002) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 1101 pp.
Kelly-Borges, M. & Bergquist, P.R. (1988) Sponges from Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea. Indo-Malayan Zoology, 5, 121–159.
Kelly-Borges, M. & Vacelet, J. (1995) A revision of Diacarnus Burton and Negombata de Laubenfels (Demospongiae: Latrunculidae) with descriptions of new species from the west central Pacific and the Red Sea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38, 477–503.
Kirkpatrick, R. (1903) Descriptions of South African sponges. Part III. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 2, 233–264, pls V–VI.
Lebwohl, F. (1914) Japanische Tetraxonida, I. Sigmatophora und II. Astrophora metastrosa. Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 35, 1–116, pls I–IX.
Lévi, C. (1958) Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la ‘Calypso’. Campagne 1951–1952 en Mer Rouge (suite). 11. Spongiaires de Mer Rouge recueillis par la ‘Calypso’ (1951–1952). Annales de l’Institut Océanographique, 34, 3–46.
Lévi, C. (1961) Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la 'Calypso'. Campagne 1954 dans l'Océan Indien (suite). 2. Les spongiaires de l'Ile Aldabra. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, 39, 1–32 pls, 1–2.
Lévi, C. (1964) Spongiaires du Canal de Mozambique. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, 36, 384–395.
Lévi, C. (1965) Spongiaires récoltés par l’expédition israélienne dans le sud de la Mer Rouge en 1962. In: Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 1962, Report 13 Bulletin. Sea Fisheries Research Station, Israel, pp. 3–27.
Lévi, C. (1967) Spongiaires d'Afrique du Sud. (3) tetractinellides. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37, 227–256. pls XVII–XIX.
Lévi, C. (1991) Lithistid sponges from the Norfolk Rise. Recent and Mesozoic genera. In: Reitner, J. & Keupp, H. (Eds.) Fossil and Recent Sponges. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 72–82.
Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65–216.
Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1993) A collection of marine sponges from East Africa. Annales Museo Civico Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", 89, 247–350.
Redmond, N.E., Raleigh, J., van Soest, R.W.M., Kelly, M., Travers, S.A.A., Bradshaw, B., Vartia, S., Stephens, K.M. & McCormack, G.P. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of marine Haplosclerida (Phylum Porifera) employing ribosomal (28S rRNA) and mitochondrial (cox1, nad1) gene sequence data. PLoS ONE, 6, e24344.
Reid, R.E.H. (1963) A classification of the Demospongia. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paleontologie. Monatshefte, 1963, 196–207.
Reid, R.E.H. (1968) Microscleres in Demosponge classification. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, 35, 1–37.
Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp.
Schmidt, O. (1868) Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 44 pp.
Sollas, W.J. (1886) Preliminary account of the tetractinellid sponges dredged by HMS Challenger 1872–76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177–199.
Sollas, W.J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873–1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. 'Challenger', 1873–1876. Zoology, 25, 1–458, pls I–XLIV, map.
Thiele, J. (1898) Studien über pazifische Spongien. I. Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica. Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie. Stuttgart, 24, 1–72, pls I–VIII.
Thiele, J. (1900) Kieselschwämme von Ternate. I. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Frankfurt, 25, 19–80.
Thomas, P.A. (1986) Demospongiae of Minicoy Island (Indian Ocean)–Part 3. Orders Halichondrida, Hadromerida, Epipolasida and Choristida. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 22, 8–20.
Topsent, E. (1892) Diagnoses d’éponges nouvelles de la Méditerranée et plus particulièrement de Banyuls. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale, (2) 10, (Notes et Revue 6) xvii–xxviii.
Uriz, M.J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108–126.
van Soest, R.W.M. (1982) A small collection of sponges (Porifera) from Hong Kong. In: Morton, B.S. & Tseng, C.K. (Eds.) Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1980. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 85–95.
van Soest, R.W.M. (2011a) Ecionemia corticata (Carter, 1879). In: van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. (Eds.) World Porifera database. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera (accessed 12 December 2011).
van Soest, R.W.M. (2011b) Stryphnus progressus (Lendenfeld, 1907). In: van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. (Eds.) World Porifera Database. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170020 (accessed 1 November 2011).
van Soest, R.W.M. & Beglinger, E.J. (2008) Tetractinellid and hadromerid sponges of the Sultanate of Oman. Zoologische Mededelingen, 82, 749–790.
van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera (accessed 1 November 2011).
von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898–1899, 11, i–iv, 59–374, pls IX–XLVI.
von Marenzeller, E.M. (1889) Ueber die adriatischen Arten der Schmidt’schen Gattungen Stelletta und Ancorina. Annalen des K.K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 4, 7–20, pls II–III.
Vosmaer, G.C.J. (1885) Sponges of the "Williem Barents" Expedition, 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 1–47.
Wiedenmayer, F. (1989) Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait, southern Australia. Memoirs Museum Victoria, 50, 1–242, pls 1–38.
Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E.F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121–135.