Abstract
A new species of African reed frog (genus Hyperolius Rapp, 1842) is described from a high altitude, forested gorge in theSerra da Chela mountain range near the village of Humpata, Lubango area, Huila Province, south-western Angola. It iscurrently only known from its type locality. Phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial 16S marker reveals thatit is the sister taxon of the poorly known Hyperolius cinereus (>4% sequence divergence) also described from Angola, andforms part of a larger clade comprising H. platyceps. The new species is distinguished from other closely related Hyperolius species by genetic divergence, vocalisation, an unusual torrent stream habitat, and colouration.References
Ahl, E. (1924) Ueber einige afrikanische Frösche. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 59/60, 269–273.
Altig, R. (2007) A primer for the morphology of anuran tadpoles. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 2, 71–74.
Blackburn, D.C. (2008) Biogeography and evolution of body size and life history of African frogs: phylogeny of squeakers (Arthroleptis) and long-fingered frogs (Cardioglossa) estimated from mitochondrial data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 49, 806–826.
Blanc, C.P. & Fretey, T. (2000) Biogeographie des Amphibiens d’Afrique Centrale et d’Angola. Biogeographica, 76, 107–118.
Branch, W.R. & McCartney, C.J. (1992) A report on a small collection of reptiles from southern Angola. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa, 41, 1–3.
Bruford, M.W., Hanotte, O., Brookfield, J.F.Y. &, Burke, T. (1992) Single-locus and multilocus DNA fingerprint. In: A. R. Hoelzel (Ed), A. R., ed. Molecular genetic analysis of populations: a practical approach. Oxford.: IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 225–270.
Channing, A. (2001) Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa. Cornell University, New York.
Channing, A., Moyer, D. & Burger, M. (2002) Cryptic species of sharp-nose reed frogs in the Hyperolius nasutus complex: advertisement call differences. African Zoology, 37, 91–99.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2003–2009) Raven Lite for Widows–Interactive Sound Analysis Software, Version 1.0 —Bioacoustics Research Program. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca.
Drummond, A.J., Ashton, B., Cheung, M., Heled, J., Kearse, M., Moir, R., Stones-Havas, S., Thierer, T. & Wilson, A. (2009) Geneious v4.6, Available from http://www.geneious.com/
du Bocage, J.V.B. (1895) Herpétologie d'Angola et du Congo. Imprimerie Nationale, Lisbonne, 203 pp.
Ferguson, J.W.H. (2002) On the use of genetic divergence for identifying species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75, 509–516.
FitzSimons, V.F. (1959) Some new reptiles from southern Africa and southern Angola. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 23, 405–409.
Fouquet, A., Gilles, A., Vences, M., Marty, C, Blanc, M. & Gemmell, N.J. (2007) Underestimation of species richness in Neotropical frogs revealed by mtDNA analyses. PLoS ONE, 2(10), e1109. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001109.
Frost, F.R. (2011) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, Version 5.5, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available from: http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/ (Date of access 15 December 2011).
Gans, C. (1976) Three new spade-snouted amphisbaenians from Angola (Amphisbaenia, Reptilia). American Museum Novitates, 2590, 1–11.
Gosner, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetofauna, 16, 183–190.
Haacke, W.D. (2008) A new leaf-toed gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from south-western Angola. African Journal of Herpetology, 57, 85–92.
Hellmich, W. (1957a) Die Reptilien Ausbeute der Hamburgischen Angola Expedition. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburg Zoologischen Museum Institut, 55, 39–80.
Hellmich, W. (1957b) Herpetologlsche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in Angola. Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München, 5, 1–92.
Huntley, B. (2009) SANBI/ISCED/UAN Angolan Biodiversity Assessment and Capacity Building Project, Report on Pilot Project. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Unpublished Report.
Huntley, B (2011) Biodiversity rapid assessment of Lagoa Carumbo area, Lunda Norte, Angola. Preliminary report on the expedition. Unpublished Report.
IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii + 30 pp.
Laurent, R.F. (1952) Reptiles et batraciens de la région de Dundo (Angola du Nord-Est)(Première note). Publicacoes Culturais Companhia de Diamante de Angola, 6, 125–136.
Laurent, R.F. (1954) Reptiles et batraciens de la région de Dundo (Angola)(Deuxième note). Publicacoes Culturais Companhia de Diamante de Angola, 35, 70–84.
Laurent, R.F. (1964) Reptiles et Amphibiens de l’Angola (Troisième contribution). Publicações culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 67, 1–165.
Loader, S.P., Channing, A., Menegon, M. & Davenport, T.R.B. (2006) A new species of Probreviceps (Amphibia: Anura) from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Zootaxa, 1237, 45–60.
Mertens, R. (1938) Amphibien und Reptilien aus Angola, gesammelt von W Schack. Senckenbergiana, 20, 425–443.
McDiarmid, R.W. & Altig, R. (1999) Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae. Univeristy of Chicago Press, Chicago, London.
Monard, A. (1931) Reptiles. Mission Scientifique Suisse dans Angola, Resultats Scientifiques. Bulletin de la Société Neuchételoise des Sciences Naturelles, 55, 89–111.
Monard, A. (1937) Contribution à la batrachologie d’Angola. Bulletin de la Société Neuchételoise des Sciences Naturelles, 62, 5–59.
Palumbi, S.R., Martin, A., Romano, W., McMillan, O., Stice, L. & Grabowski, G. (1991) The simple fools guide to PCR. Department of Zoology, Special Publication. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Parker, H.W. (1936) Dr. Karl Jordan's expedition to South-West Africa and Angola: Herpetological collections. Novitates Zoologicae Tring, 49, 115–146.
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14, 817–818.
Poynton, J.C. (1998) Gladwyn Kingsley Noble and the study of African Amphibians. In: Introduction to Amphibia, pp. i-xvii. In: Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo, SSAR reprint.
Poynton, J.C. (1999) Distribution of amphibians in Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar and Seychelles. pp 483–539 In Duellman, W. E. (ed) Patterns of distribution of amphibians: a global perspective. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Poynton, J.C. & Broadley, D.G. (1991) Amphibia Zambesiaca: Zoogeography. Annals of the Natal Museum, 32, 221–277.
Poynton, J.C. & Haacke, W.D. (1993) On a collection of amphibians from Angola, including a new species of Bufo Laurenti. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36, 9–16.
Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. (2007) Tracer v1.4, Available from http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer.
Rödel, M.-O. (2000) Herpetofauna of West Africa, Vol. I: Amphibians of the West African savanna. Frankfurt/M. (Edition Chimaira).
Rödel, M.-O. & Agyei, A.C. (2003) Amphibians of the Togo-Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra, 39, 207–234.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572–1574.
Schick, S., Kielgast, J., Rodder, D., Muchai, V., Burger, M. & Lötters, S. (2010) New species of reed frog from the congo basin with discussion of paraphyly in cinnamon-belly reed frogs. Zootaxa, 2501, 23–36.
Schiøtz, A. (1967) The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia. Zoologica Musei Haubiensis. København, 25, 1–346.
Schiøtz, A. (2006) Reflections on the Hyperolious nasutus group (Anura, Hyperoliidae), Alytes, 24, 61–71.
Schmidt, K.P. (1933) The reptiles of the Pulitzer Angola Expedition. Annals Carnegie Museum, 22, 1–15.
Tolley, K.A., De Villiers, A., Cherry, M.I. & Measey, G.J. (2010a) Isolation and high genetic diversity in dwarf mountain toads (Capensibufo) from South Africa. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 822–834.
Tolley, K.A., Braae, A. & Cunningham, M. (2010b) Phylogeography of the clicking stream frog Strongylopus grayii (Anura, Pyxicephalidae) reveals cryptic divergence across climatic zones in an abundant and widespread taxon. African Journal of Herpetology, 59, 17–32.
Turner, A.A. & Channing, A. (2008) A new species of Arthroleptella, Hewitt, 1926 (Anura: Pyxicephalidae) from the Klein Swartberg Mountain, Caledon, South Africa. African Journal of Herpetology, 57, 1–12.
Veith, M., Kosuch, J., Rödel, M., Hillers, A., Schmitz, A., Burger, M. & Lötters, S. (2009) Multiple evolution of sexual dichromatism in African reed frogs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51, 388–393.
Vences, M., Thomas, M., van der Meijden, A., Chiari, Y. & Vieites, D.R. (2005) Comparative performance of the rRNA gene in DNA barcoding of amphibians. Frontiers in Zoology, 2, 5.
Vieites, D.R., Wollenberg, K.C., Andreone, F., Köhler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrated amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science. USA, 106, 8267–8272.
Zwickl, D.J. (2006) Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum likelihood criterion. In. University of Texas, Austin.