Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 3221 No. 1: 5 Mar. 2012
Type: Articles
Published: 2012-03-05
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3221.1.3
Page range: 37–47
Abstract views: 34
PDF downloaded: 2

Hyper-validation of five nomina of amphibians and reptiles threatened by senior synonyms or homonyms

Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Systématique & Evolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
Reptiles & Amphibiens, UMR 7205 OSEB, Département Systématique & Evolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
General Junior synonym junior homonym Article 23.9.1 of the Code references direct evidence indirect evidence validation hyper-validation

Abstract

Five nomina of amphibians and reptiles introduced by Laurenti (1768) and traditionally used in European herpetology (Hyla,Natrix, Lacerta viridis, Podarcis muralis, Triturus cristatus) are threatened by senior synonyms or homonyms published earlierby Garsault (1764) in a work that has long remained unnoticed by herpetologists. In a previous paper, we used Article 23.9.1 ofthe Code on reversal of precedence to validate these well-known nomina. The validity of our action was challenged because wehad only used indirect evidence for this validation, quoting a single reference for each of these five nomina instead of 25. Herewe argue that our action was indeed valid under the Code, but, to preclude any further discussion, we provide 25 references or more to the use of each of these five nomina in order to “hyper-validate” them.

References

  1. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition. London, International Trust for zoological Nomenclature, i–xxix + 1–306.

    Arntzen, J.W. (2003) Triturus cristatus Superspezies – Kammolch-Artenkreis. In: K. Grossenbacher & B. Thiesmeier (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 4/IIA, Wiebelsheim, Aula-Verlag, 421–514.

    Cheke, A. (2011) Comments on the proposed conservation of usage of Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812 (currently Geochelone (Aldabrachelys) gigantea; Reptilia, Testudines). (Case 3463; see BZN 66: 34–50, 80–87, 169–186, 274–290, 352–357; 67, 71–90, 170–178, 246–254, 319–331; 68, 72–77, 140–143). (1). Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 68 (4), 294–297.

    China, W.E. (1963) Opinion 660. Suppression under the plenary powers of seven specific names of turtles (Reptilia, Testudines). Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 20 (3), 187–190.

    Dubois, A. (2000) Synonymies and related lists in zoology: general proposals, with examples in herpetology. Dumerilia, 4 (2), 33–98.

    Dubois, A. (2003) The relationships between taxonomy and conservation biology in the century of extinctions. Comptes rendus Biologies, 326 (suppl. 1), S9–S21.

    Dubois, A. (2005) Proposed Rules for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 1. Some general questions, concepts and terms of biological nomenclature. Zoosystema, 27 (2), 365–426.

    Dubois, A. (2006) Proposed Rules for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 2. The proposed Rules and their rationale. Zoosystema, 28 (1), 165–258.

    Dubois, A. (2007) Naming taxa from cladograms: some confusions, misleading statements, and necessary clarifications. Cladistics, 23, 390–402.

    Dubois, A. (2010a) Retroactive changes should be introduced in the Code only with great care: problems related to the spellings of nomina. Zootaxa, 2426, 1–42.

    Dubois, A. (2010b) Nomenclatural Rules in zoology as a potential threat against natural history museums. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 10, 81–90.

    Dubois, A. (2010c) Zoological nomenclature in the century of extinctions: Priority vs. “usage”. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 10, 259–274.

    Dubois, A. (2011) The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature must be drastically improved before it is too late. Bionomina, 2, 1–104.

    Dubois, A. (2012) The distinction between introduction of a new nomen and subsequent use of a previously introduced nomen in zoological nomenclature. Bionomina, in press.

    Dubois, A. & Bour, R. (2010) The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768). Zootaxa, 2447, 1–52.

    Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (1997) Early scientific names of Amphibia Anura. I. Introduction. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, (4), 18 (3–4), 297–320.

    Dubois, A., Ohler, A. & Brygoo, E.-R. (2010) Comments on the proposed conservation of usage of Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812 (currently Geochelone (Aldabrachelys) gigantea; Reptilia, Testudines). (Case 3463; see BZN 66, 34–50, 80–87, 169–186, 352–357). Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 67 (1), in press.

    García-París, M., Montori A. & Herrero, P. (2004) Amphibia: Lissamphibia. In: M. A. Ramos Sánchez (ed.), Fauna iberica, Vol. 24, Madrid, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales & Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1–639.

    Garsault, F.A. P. de (1764) Les Figures des plantes et animaux d’usage en médecine, décrits dans la Matière Médicale de Mr. Geoffroy Médecin. Paris, [i–v] + 1–20, pl. 644–729.

    Gruschwitz, M. & Böhme, W. (1986) Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) – Mauereidechse. In: W. Böhme (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 2/II, Wiesbaden, Aula-Verlag, 155–208.

    Hillis, D. M. (2006) Constraints in naming parts of the tree of life. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 42, 331–338.

    Kabisch, K. (1999) Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) – Ringelnatter. In: W. Böhme (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 3/IIA, Wiebelsheim, Aula-Verlag, 512–580.

    Laurenti, J. N. (1768) Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin Reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota Reptilium austriacorum. Viennae, Joan. Thom. Nob. de Trattnern, i–ii + 1–215, pl. 1–5.

    Nettmann, H.-K. & Rykena, S. (1984) Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768) – Samaragdeidechse. In: W. Böhme (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 2/I, Wiesbaden, Aula-Verlag, 129–180.

    Ohler, A. & Dubois, A. (2006) Hyla reinwardtii Schlegel, 1840 as a nomen protectum. Alytes, 23 (3–4), 123–132.

    Smeenk, C. (2011) Comments on the proposed conservation of usage of Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812 (currently Geochelone (Aldabrachelys) gigantea; Reptilia, Testudines). (Case 3463; see BZN 66, 34–50, 80–87, 169–186, 274–290, 352–357; 67, 71–90, 170–178, 246–254, 319–331; 68, 72–77, 140–143). (2). Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 68 (4), 297–300.

    Welter-Schultes, F.W. & Klug, R. (2009) Nomenclatural consequences resulting from the rediscovery of Les figures des plantes et animaux d’usage en médecine, a rare work published by Garsault in 1764, in the zoological literature. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 66 (3), 225–241.

    Welter-Schultes, F.W. & Klug, R. (2011) Comments on new names and nomenclatural acts of [sic] amphibians and non-avian sauropsids established by Garsault 1764 and Laurenti 1768 (response to Dubois and Bour 2010). Zootaxa, 2814, 50–58.

    Welter-Schultes, F.W., Klug, R. & Lutze, A. (2008) Les figures des plantes et animaux d’usage en médecine, a rare work published by F. A. P. de Garsault in 1764. Archives of natural History, 35 (1), 118–127.