Abstract
Two new species of the genus Knipowitschia, Knipowitschia byblisia sp. nov. and Knipowitschia caunosi sp. nov., are described from the coastal Lake Köycegiz, southwest Turkey. Knipowitschia byblisia sp.nov. is placed in a group of species with reduced cephalic lateral-line canals and reduced squamation. This species is characterized by the presence of axillary and caudal peduncular patches of scales, by a distinct reduced head canal system with only the postorbital section of the supraorbital canal developed and with longitudinal and transversal rows of free neuromasts in the interorbit. Knipowitschia caunosi sp. nov. is placed in a group of species with a fairly complete head canal system and with scales continuously extending along lateral midline from the axilla to the caudal peduncle. This species is characterized by long transverse rows of free neuromasts on the nape and on the cheek, by a characteristic pattern of the preorbital series of free neuromasts with the anteriormost row lacking and with a reduced number of transverse suborbital rows. Both species are isolated and their distributions restricted to a small brackish lake in the west of the Anatolian south coast. This record represents the southern and easternmost of the genus Knipowitschia in the Mediterranean region. The origin of these two species is discussed.References
Ahnelt, H. (1995) Two new species of Knipowitschia from Western Anatolia (Turkey). Mitteilungen des hamburger zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 92, 155–167.
Ahnelt, H. (2001) Two Mediterranean gobiid fishes with an unusual cephalic lateral line canal system. Cybium, 25, 261–267.
Ahnelt, H., Abdoli, A., Naderi, H. & Coad, B. (2000) Anatirostrum profundorum: a rare deep-water gobiid species from the Caspian Sea. Cybium, 24, 139–159.
Ahnelt, H., Bianco, P.G. & Schwammer, H. (1995) Systematics and zoogeography of Knipowitschia caucasica (Teleostei: Gobiidae) based on new records from the Aegean Anatolian area. Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters, 6, 49–60.
Ahnelt, H. & Bohacek, V. (2004) The lateral line system of two sympatric eastern Pacific gobiid fishes of the genus Lythrypnus (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 74, 31–51.
Ahnelt, H., Göschl, J., Dawson, M.N. & Jacobs, D.K. (2004) Geographic variation in the lateral line canals of Eucyclogobius newberryi (Teleostei, Gobiidae) and its comparison with molecular phylogeography. Folia Zoologica, 53, 385–398.
Akihito (1986) Some morphological characters considered to be important in gobiid phylogeny. In: Uyeno, T., Arai, R., Taniuchi, T. & Matsuura, K. (Eds.) Indo Pacific Fish Biology. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Indo-Pacific Fishes, Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo pp. 629–639.
Akin, S. Buhan,E., Winemiller, K.O. & Yilmaz, H. (2005) Fish assemblage structure of Koycegiz Lagoon-Estuary, Turkey: Spatial and temporal distribution patterns in relation to environmental variation. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 64, 671–684.
Balik, S., Rusen, M., Sari, H.M., Ilhan, A. & Topkara E.T. (2005) The fish fauna of Yuvarlakcay (Köycegiz, Mugla). In Turkish with English summary. Ege University Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 22, 221–223.
Bianco, P.G., Ahnelt, H. & Economidis, P.S. (1996) The freshwater fishes from eastern, and Large Mediterranean islands with comments on their safety status. Acta Univiversitatis Carolinae Biologica, 40, 45–60.
Brückner, H. (1997) Coastal changes in western Turkey; rapid delta propagation in historical times. In: Briand, F., Maldonado, A. (Eds) Transformations and evolution of the Mediterranean coastline. Bulletin de l’Institut oceanographique, no. sp.18, 63–74.
Dial, K.P. & Marzluff J.M. (1988) Are the smallest organisms the most diverse? Ecology, 69, 620–1624.
Durand, J.-D., Bianco, P.G., Laroche, J. & Gilles, A. (2003) Insight into the origin of endemic Mediterranean ichthyofauna: Phylogeography of Chondrostoma genus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). Journal of Heredity, 94, 315–328.
Earl, D.A., Louie, K.D., Bardeleben, C., Swift, C.C. & Jacobs, D.K. (2010) Rangewide microsatellite phylogeography of the endangered tidewater goby, Eucycolgobius newberryi (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a genetically subdivided coastal fish with limited marine dispersal. Conservation Genetics, 11, 103–114.
Economidis, P.S. & Miller, P.J. (1990) Systematics of freshwater gobies of Greece (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Journal of Zoology, London, 221, 125–170.
Hamad, N., Millot, C. & Taupier-Letage, I. (2005) A new hypothesis about the surface circulation in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 66, 287–298.
Hrbek, T. & Meyer, A. (2003) Closing the Tethys Sea and the phylogeny of Eurasian killyfishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 17–36.
Huyse, T., Van Houdt, J. & Volckaert, F.A.M. (2004) Palaeoclimatic history and vicariant speciation in the “sand goby” group (Gobiidae, Teleostei). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 324–336.
Innal, D. & Erk’akan, F. (2006) Effects of exotic and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Turkey. Reviews of Fish Biology and Fisheries, 16, 39–50.
Kovacic, M., (2005) A new species of Knipowitschia (Gobiidae) from Dalmatia, Croatia. Cybium, 29, 275–280.
Kovacic, M. & Sanda, R. (2007) A new species of Knipowitschia (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from southern Montenegro. Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, 176, 81–89.
Ladiges, W. (1964) Süßwasserfische der Türkei. 3. Teil Restliche Gruppen. Mitteilungen des hamburger zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 61, 203–220.
Martin, A.P. & Palumbi, S.R. (1993) Body size, metabolic-rate, generation time, and the molecular clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 90, 4087–4091.
Miller, P.J. (1988) New species of Corcyrogobius, Thorogobius and Wheelerigobius from West Africa (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Journal of Natural History, London, 22, 1245–1262.
Miller, P.J. (1996) The functional ecology of small fish: some opportunities and consequences. In: Miller P.J. (Ed) Miniature vertebrates: the implications of small body size. Zoological Society of London, Oxford, pp. 175–195.
Miller, P.J. (2004) Knipowitschia caucasica (Berg, 1916). In: Miller, P.J. (Ed) The freshwater fishes of Europe, 8/II. AULA: Wiebelsheim, pp. 3343–364.
Paepke, H.-J. (2002) Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758. In: Banarescu, P.M. & Paepke, H.-J. (Eds) The freshwater fishes of Europe, 5/III. AULA: Wiebelsheim, pp. 209–256.
Penzo, E, Gandolfi, G., Bargelloni, L., Colombo, L. & Patarnello, T. (1998) Messinian salinity crisis and the origin of lifestyle in Western Mediterranean gobies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 15, 1472–1480.
Perdices, A., Doadrio, I., Cote, I.M., Machordom, A., Economidis, P. & Reynolds, J.D. (2000) Genetic divergence and origin of Mediterranean populations of the river blenny Salaria fluviatilis (Teleostei: Blenniidae). Copeia, 2000, 723–731.
Popov, S.V., Shcherba, I.G., Ilyina, L.B., Nevesskaya, L.A., Paramonova, N.P., Khondkarian, S.O., Magyar, I. (2006), Late Miocene to Pliocene palaeogeography of the Paratethys and its relation to the Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 238, 91–106.
Reyjol, Y., Hugueny, B., Pont, D., Bianco P.G., Beier, U., Caiola, N., Casals, F., Cowx, I., Economou,A., Ferreira, T., Haidvogl, G., Noble, R., de Sosta, A., Vigneron, T. & Virbickas, T. (2007) Patterns in species richness and endemism of European freshwater fish. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16, 65–75.
Rögl, F. (1998) Palaeogeographic considerations for the Mediterranean and Paratethys seaways. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 99A, 279–310.
Sanzo, L. (1911) Distribuzione delle papille cutanee (organi ciatiformi) e suo valore sistematico nei Gobi. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 20, 249–328.
Taseli, B.K. (2009) Response of lake water quality to wastewater inputs from land-based fish farm located on Yuvarlakcay Creek in Köycegiz-Dalyan specially protected area, Turkey. Evironmental Montioring Assesment, 157, 557–574.
Van Neer, W., Wildekamp, R.H., Kücük, F. & Unlüsayin, M. (1999) First inland records of the euryhalin goby Knipowitschia caucasica from lakes in Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Fish Biology, 54, 1334–1337.
Yanko-Hombach, V., Gilbert, A.S. & Dolukhanov, P. (2007) Controversy over the great flood hypotheses in the Black Sea in light of geological, paleontological, and archeological evidence. Quaternary International, 167–168, 91–113.