Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2011-03-25
Page range: 27–47
Abstract views: 76
PDF downloaded: 2

A cladistic analysis and reclassification of the tribe Bembicini (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae)

Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 let Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut fuer Evolutions- und Biodiversitaetsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
Hymenoptera Digger wasps sand wasps phylogeny

Abstract

A cladistic analysis of the digger wasp tribe Bembicini based on morphological characters is presented. The underlying data matrix comprises 64 terminal taxa (coded on genus-level) and 54 morphological characters. The resulting strict consensus tree was used as the basis for a revised subtribal classification of the Bembicini. Based on a previously published classification, we herewith propose a number of changes. The subtribe Spheciina Nemkov and Ohl, subtrib. nov. (comprising Ammatomus A. Costa 1859, Kohlia Handlirsch 1895, Sphecius Dahlbom 1843, and Tanyoprymnus Cameron 1905) is removed from Handlirschiina Nemkov and Lelej 1996. The subtribe Stictiellina Bohart and Horning 1971, stat. resurr. (composed of Chilostictia Gillaspy 1983, Glenostictia Gillaspy in Gillaspy, Evans, and Lin 1962, Microstictia Gillaspy 1963, Steniolia Say 1837, Stictiella J. Parker 1917, and Xerostictia Gillaspy 1963) is separated from Bembicina Latreille 1802. The subtribe Argogorytina Nemkov and Lelej 1996 (Argogorytes Ashmead 1899, Neogorytes Bohart in Bohart and Menke 1976, Paraphilanthus Vardy 1995) is synonymized with Exeirina Dalla Torre 1897, syn. nov. Finally, the subtribe Trichogorytina Nemkov and Pulawski 2009 (genus Trichogorytes Rohwer 1912 only) is synonymized with Gorytina Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 1845, syn. nov. An updated identification key to the subtribes of the Bembicini is provided.

References

  1. Arnold, G. (1929) The Sphegidae of South Africa. Part XII. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 13, 217–319.

    Arnold, G. (1945) The Sphecidae of Madagascar. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 193 pp.

    Ashmead, W.H. (1899) Classification of the entomophilous wasps, or the superfamily Sphegoidea. The Canadian Entomologist, 31, 145–155, 161–174, 212–225, 238–251, 291–300, 322–330, 345–357.

    Baker, D.B. (1907) Some new Gorytes-like wasps. Invertebrata Pacifica, 1, 161–167.

    Balthasar, V. (1954) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der palästinischen Spheciden. Opuscula hymenopterologica XIV. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 28, 267–284.

    Bohart, R.M. (1967) New genera of Gorytini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Nyssoninae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 43, 155–161.

    Bohart, R.M. (1968) New Hoplisoides from the United States (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 70, 287–292.

    Bohart, R.M. (1969a) New species of Pseudoplisus from North and Central America. I: the P. phaleratus group (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 41, 494–501.

    Bohart, R.M. (1969b) New species of Pseudoplisus from North America, II (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 42, 392–405.

    Bohart, R.M. (1970) New species, synonymy and lectotype designations in North American Bembicini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 46, 201–207.

    Bohart, R.M. (1971) New species of Gorytini from western North America (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83, 445–453.

    Bohart, R.M. (1980) A review of the North American species of Dienoplus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 56, 63–70.

    Bohart, R.M. (1997) A review of the genus Hoplisoides Gribodo (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Gorytini) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99, 645–660.

    Bohart, R.M. (2000) A review of Gorytini in the Neotropical Region (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Bembicinae). Contributions on Entomology, International, 4, 111–259.

    Bohart, R.M. & Horning, D.S. (1971) California bembicine sand wasps. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 27, 1-43.

    Bohart, R.M. & Gillaspy, J.E. (1985) California sand wasps of the subtribe Stictiellina. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 27, 1-89.

    Bohart, R.M. & Menke, A.S. (1976) Sphecid Wasps of the World. A generic revision. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1 color plate, IX + 695 pp.

    Bradley, J.Ch. (1920) Descriptions, records and notes on North American Nyssonidae (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 46, 113–132.

    Brauns, H. (1911) Über Gorytes-Arten aus Südafrica. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 61, 130–134.

    Brèthes, J. (1913) Himenópteros de la América Meridional. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 24, 35–165.

    Burmeister, H. (1874) Bembecidae Argentini. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas existente en la Universidad de Cordova, 1, 97–129.

    Cameron, P. (1890) Insecta. Hymenoptera. Vol. II (Fossores). In: Godman, F.D. & Salvin, D. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Francis and Taylor, London, pp. 103–134, pls. 7, 8.

    Cameron, P. (1905) Descriptions of new species of Neotropical Hymenoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 31, 373–388.

    Chevrier, F. (1867) Essai monographique sur les Nysson du Bassin du Léman (Insectes Hyménoptères). Genève, 29 + 2 pp.

    Chevrier, F. (1868) Essai monographique sur les Oxybelus du Bassin du Léman (Insectes Hyménoptères). Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 2, 381–414.

    Christ, J.L. (1791) Naturgeschichte, Klassification und Nomenclatur der Insekten vom Bienen, Wespen und Ameisengeschlecht; als der fünften Klasse fünfte Ordnung des Linneischen Natursystems von den Insekten: Hymenoptera. Mit häutigen Flügeln. Hermannische Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main, 535 pp., 60 color pls.

    Cockerell, T.D.A. & Fox, W.J. (1897) New fossorial Hymenoptera from New Mexico. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1897, 135–141.

    Costa, A. (1859) Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia Enumerazione di tutti gli Animali che abitano le diverse Regioni di questo Regno e le Acque che le bagnano e Descrizione de nuovi o poco esattemente conosciuti con Figure ricevute de Originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Imenotteri Aculeati. Nissonidei. Gaetano Sautto, Napoli, pp. 1–48, 49–56, pls. XI–XV.

    Costa, A. (1867) Prospetto degli Imenotteri Italiani da servire di Prodromo della Imenotterologia Italiana. Tipografia di Antonio Cons, Napoli, 154 pp.

    Costa, A. (1869) Prospetto sistematico degli Imenotteri Italiani da servire di Prodromo della Imenotterologia Italiana (continuazione). Annuario del Museo Zoologico della R. Università di Napoli, 5, 60–116.

    Costa, A. (1884) Notizie ed osservazioni sulla geo-fauna sarda. Memoria Terza. Risultamento delle ricerche fatte in Sardegna nella estate del 1883. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche di Napoli, (Serie 2), 1(9), 1–64.

    Cresson, E.T. (1865a) On the Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 1–200.

    Cresson, E.T. (1865b) Catalogue of Hymenoptera in the collection of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, from Colorado Territory. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 4, 242–313, 426–488.

    Cresson, E.T. (1868) Catalogue of a small collection of Hymenoptera made in New Mexico during the summer of 1867. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 1, 375–388.

    Cresson, E.T. (1880) [Three new species of Hymenoptera]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Proceedings of the Monthly Meetings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 8, xvii–xviii.

    Dahlbom, A. (1832) Exercitaciones Hymenopterologicae Ad illustrandam Faunam Svecicam, quas Venia Ampliss. Facultatis Philos. Acad. Lund. Proponunt Gustav. Dahlbom, Historiae Natur. Doc., Societ. Linn. Holm. Membr., et N. P. Ringstrand, Ostro-gothi. In Acad. Carolina die 27 Octobris 1832. Part. IV. Londini Gothorum, pp. 49–64.

    Dahlbom, A.G. (1843) Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue borealia; formis typicis nonnullis Specierum Generumve Exoticorum aut Extraneorum propter nexum systematicus associatis; per Familias, Genera, Species et Varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus: Sphex in sensu Linneano. Fasc. 1. Officina Lundbergiana, Lund, pp. 1–172.

    Dahlbom, A.G. (1845) Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue borealia; formis typicis nonnullis Specierum Generumve Exoticorum aut Extraneorum propter nexum systematicus associatis; per Familias, Genera, Species et Varietates disposita atque descripta. Tomus: Sphex in sensu Linneano. Fasc. 3. Officina Lundbergiana, Lund, pp. 353–528.

    de Beaumont, J. (1950) Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) récoltés en Algérie et au Maroc par M. Kenneth M. Guichard. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 1, 389–427.

    de Beaumont, J. (1953) Le genre Olgia Radoszk. (Hym. Sphecid.). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 60, 205–223.

    de Beaumont, J. (1953b) Les Gorytes s.s. (= Hoplisus) de la région paléarctique (Hym. Sphecid.). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 26, 161–200.

    de Beaumont, J. (1965) Les Sphecidae de la Grèce (Hym.). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 38, 1–65.

    de Beaumont, J. (1967) Hymenoptera from Turkey. Sphecidae, I. With Appendix. Sphex Linné, Subgenus Palmodes Kohl par P. Roth. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 19, 253–382.

    de Beaumont, J. (1968) Sphecidae des îles Canaries (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 21, 245–278.

    de Beaumont, J. (1969) Sphecidae de Turquie (Hym.). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 42, 79–95.

    de Beaumont, J. & Bytinski-Salz, H. (1959) The Sphecidae (Hymen.) of Eretz Israel. II. Subfam.: Nyssoninae (tribes: Gorytini, Nyssonini, Alyssonini) and Philanthinae. The Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. Section B: Zoology, 8, 99–151.

    de Saussure, H. (1867) Reise der österreichschen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. Hymenoptera. Familien der Vespiden, Sphegiden, Pompiliden, Crabroniden und Heterogynen. Wien, 138 pp., pls. I–IV.

    de Saussure, H. (1892) Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar publiée par Alfred Grandidier. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hyménoptères. Part II. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, pp. 177–590, pls. 21–27.

    Dufour, L. (1838) Observations sur le genre Stizus. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 7, 269–279, pl. 9.

    Eschscholz, J.F. (1822) Entomographien. Erste Lieferung. G. Reimer, Berlin. 128 + iii pp., 2 pls.

    Evans, H.E. 1966. The comparative ethology and evolution of the sand wasps. Harvard University Press, 401 pp.

    Eversmann, E. (1849) Fauna Hymenopterologica Volgo-Uralensis. Fam. III. Sphegidae Latr. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 22, 359–436.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Kortii, Flensburgi et Lipsiae [Flensburg and Leipzig], 832 pp.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1781) Species Insectorum exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibus, descriptionibus, 1. Carol. Ernest. Bohnii, Hamburgi et Kilonii [Hamburg and Kiel], viii + 517 pp.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus, Vol. 1. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen], xx + 348 pp.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1790) Nova Insectorum genera. Skrivter af Naturhistorie Selskabet, Kjøbnhavn, 1, 213–228.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1793) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus, Vol. 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [Copenhagen], viii + 519 pp.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1798) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. C.G. Proft et Storch, Hafniae [Copenhagen], 4 + 572 pp.

    Fabricius, J.Ch. (1804) Systema Piezatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Carolum Reichard, Brunsvigae [Braunschweig], 440 + 30 pp.

    Fallén, C.F. (1813) Specimen novam Hymenoptera disponendi methodum exhibens. Litteris Berlingianis, Lundae [Lund], 42 pp., 1 pl.

    Forster, J.R. (1771) Novae species Insectorum. Centuria I. T. Davies and B. White, Londini [London], viii + 100 pp.

    Fox, C.L. (1923) Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921. The Bembicini (Digger Wasps). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (Series 4), 12, 429–436.

    Fox, W.J. (1892) New North American species of Gorytes. The Canadian Entomologist, 24, 149–154.

    Fox, W.J. (1893) New species of fossorial Hymenoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 25, 113–117.

    Fox, W.J. (1894) The North American Larridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1893, 467–551.

    Fox, W.J. (1895) Synopsis of the Bembicini of Boreal America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1895, 351–374, pl. XIV.

    Fox, W.J. (1896) Synopsis of the North American species of Gorytes Latr. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1895, 517–539.

    Fritz, M. (1964) Tres especies argentinas de Gorytini. Neotropica, 10, 108–111.

    Fritz, M.A. & Toro, H. (1976) Las especies de Heliocausini (Hym., Sphecidae – Nyssoninae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 35, 17–38.

    Frivaldszky, J. (1876) Data ad faunam Hungariae meridionalis comitatum Temes et Krassó. Mathematikai és Természetudomanyi Közlemények, 13, 285–378.

    Gayubo, S.F. (1992) A new species of Harpactus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) from Spain. Entomological News, 103, 180–184.

    Germar, E.F. (1817) Reise nach Dalmatien und in das Gebiet von Ragusa. F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig und Altenburg, xii + 323 pp., 9 pls., 2 maps.

    Gerstaecker, A. (1867) Die Arten der Gattung Nysson Latr. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle, 10, 71–122.

    Gillaspy, J.E. (1959) A new bembicine wasp related to Stictiella tenuicornis (Fox), with certain phylogenetic considerations (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 35, 187–194.

    Gillaspy, J.E. (1963) Two new genera and a new species of Bembicini (Sphecidae) from North America, with a key to the genera having recessed ocelli. Entomological News, 74, 187–199.

    Gillaspy, J.E. (1983) New taxa of Bembecine Sphecidae (Hymenoptera). Southwestern Entomologist, 8, 279–291.

    Gillaspy, J.E., Evans, H.E. & Lin, C.S. (1962) Observations on the behavior of digger wasps of the genus Stictiella (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) with a partition of the genus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 55, 559–566.

    Gmelin, J.F. (1790) Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Pars V. Georg Emanuel Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], pp. 2225–3020.

    Goloboff, P.A. (1993) NONA version 2.0. Published by the author.

    Gorski, S.B. (1852) Analecta ad entomographiam provinciarum occidentali-meridionalium Imperii Rossici. Fasciculus I. Libraria Frederici Nicolai, Berolini [Berlin], xix + 214 pp., pls. I–III.

    Gribodo, G. (1884) Diagnosi di nuove specie di Imenotteri scavatori ed osservazioni sopra alcune specie poco conosciute. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 16, 275–284.

    Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1844) Iconographie du règne animal de G. Cuvier, ou représentation d'après nature de l'une des espèces les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurées, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas à tous les traités de zoologie. Imprimerie de Fain et Thunot, Paris, 576 pp.

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1928) Novyie vidy Sphecidae iz Zakaspiya i Khivy [New species of Sphecidae from Transcaspica and Khiva]. Izvestiya Kursov Prikladnoy Zoologii i Fitopatologii, 4, 3–19. (In Russian).

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1932) Verzeichnis der von Herrn D:r R. Malaise im Ussuri und Kamtschatka gesammelten aculeaten Hymenopteren. Arkiv för Zoologi, 24A(10), 1–66.

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1933) Sphecidae i Psammocharidae (Hymenoptera), sobrannyie N. Zarudnym v vostochnoy Persii [Sphecidae et Psammocharidae (Hymenoptera), a cl. N. Zarudnyi in Persia orientali collectae]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1, 269–307. (In Russian).

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1935) K faune os (Hymenoptera, Sphecodea et Vespodea) Tadzhikistana [Sphecodea und Vespodea von Tadjikistan]. Trudy Tadzhikskoy Bazy Akademii Nauk SSSR, 5, 409–467. (In Russian).

    Gussakovskij, V.V. (1952) Novye i maloizvestnye vidy Psammocharidae i Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) zapadnogo Tadzhikistana [New and little known species of Psammocharidae and Sphecidae of western Tajikistan]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 10, 199–288. (In Russian).

    Handlirsch, A. (1888) Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. III. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 97, 316–565, pls. I–III.

    Handlirsch, A. (1889) Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. IV. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 98, 440–517, pls. I–II.

    Handlirsch, A. (1890) Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. V. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 99, 77–166, pl. I.

    Handlirsch, A. (1892) Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. VI. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 101, 25–205, pls. I–III.

    Handlirsch, A. (1893a) Neue Arten der Gattung Gorytes Latr. (Hymenopteren). Annalen des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 8, 276–282.

    Handlirsch, A. (1893b) Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. VII. (Schluss). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 102, 657–942, pls. I-VII.

    Handlirsch, A. (1895) Nachträge und Schlusswort zur Monographie der mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Grabwespen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abtheilung I, 104, 801–1079, pls. I–II.

    Handlirsch, A. (1898) Ueber die von Dr. O. Schmiedeknecht in Nordafrika gesammelten Nyssoniden. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 48, 485–490.

    Handlirsch, A. (1901) Vier neue Arten der Hymenopteren-Gattung Gorytes. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 51, 351–356.

    Hanson, P.E. & Menke, A.S. (2006) Capitulo 17. Las avispas apoideas: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae. In: Hanson, P.E. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.). Hymenoptera de la Region Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 77, 694–733.

    Illiger, K. (1807) Fauna Etrusca sistens Insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petrus Rossius, 2. Helmstadii, vi + 511 pp., 9 pls.

    Jurine, L. (1807) Nouvelle méthode de classer les Hyménoptères et les Diptères. Hyménoptères. Tome premier. J.J. Paschoud, Genève, 319 pp., 14 pls.

    Kazenas, V.L. (1988) Novyi vid roda Harpactus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz yuzhnogo Kazakhstana [A new species of the genus Harpactus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) from South Kazakhstan]. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 67, 148–150. (In Russian).

    Kazenas, V.L. (1989) Dva maloizvestnykh i odin novyi vid royushchikh os roda Harpactus Shuckard (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz Sredney Azii [Two little known and one new species of digger wasps of the genus Harpactus Shuckard (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) from Middle Asia]. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 68, 775–778. (In Russian).

    Kazenas, V.L. (1992) Novyie vidy royuschchikh os roda Harpactus Shuckard (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz Kazakhstana i Uzbekistana [New species of digger wasps of the genus Harpactus Shuckard (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan]. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 71, 640–645. (In Russian).

    Klug, F. (1845) Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones Insectorum quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem Frederici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum studio novae aut illustratae redierunt. Decas Quinta. Officina Academica, Berolini. 41 unnumbered pp., pls. 41–50.

    Kohl, F.F. (1892) Neue Hymenopterenformen. Annalen des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 7, 197–234, pls. XIII–XV.

    Kohl, F.F. (1894) Zur Hymenopterenfauna Afrikas. Annalen des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 9, 279–350.

    Kokujev, N.R. (1909) Hymenoptera asiatica nova. Russkoye Entomologicheskoye Obozrenye, 9, 246–248.

    Kohl, F.F. (1897) Die Gattungen der Sphegiden. Annalen des k.k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 11, 233–516, pls. V–XI.

    Kohl, F.F., & Handlirsch, A. (1910) Zwei neue Fossorien aus dem Mediterrangebiete. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 60, 264–266.

    Krombein, K.V. (1958) Additions during 1956 and 1957 to the wasp fauna of Lost River State Park, West Virginia, with biological notes and descriptions of new species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 60, 49–64.

    Krombein, K.V. (1962) Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XIII. Descriptions of new wasps from Plummers Island, Maryland (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 75, 1–18.

    Kuznetzov-Ugamskij, N.N. (1927) Zur Kenntnis der mittelasiatischen Sphecodea. I. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 71, 244–249.

    Latreille, P.A. (1792) Mutilles, découvertes en France. Actes de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1, 5–12.

    Latreille, P.A. (1802) Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite à l'Histoire Naturelle générale et particulière, composée par Leclercq de Buffon, et rédigée par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusiers Sociétés savantes. Vol. 3. Imprimerie F. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp.

    Latreille, P.A. (1805) Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite aux Oeuvres de Leclercq de Buffon, et partie du Cours complet d'Histoire naturelle rédigé par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs Sociétés savantes. Vol. 13. Imprimerie F. Dufart, Paris, 432 pp, pls. XCVIIbis–CIII.

    Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A.L.M. (1832) Mémoire sur le genre Gorytes Latr. Arpactus Jur. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 1, 52–79.

    Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A.L.M. (1845) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hyménoptères. Vol. 3. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 646 + 4 pp., pls. 25–36.

    Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A.L.M. & Audinet-Serville, J.G. (1825). In: Latreille, P.A. (Ed.). Encyclopédie méthodique, ou par ordre des matières. Histoire naturelle. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustacés, des arachnides et des insectes. Vol. 10 (par M.M. Latreille, Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, Serville et Guérin). Part I. Veuve Agasse, Paris, pp. 1–344.

    Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae Per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 823 pp.

    Linnaeus, C. (1760) Fauna Suecica sistens animalia Sveciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per classes & ordines, genera & species, cum differentiis specierum, synonymis auctorum, nominibus incolarum, locis natalium, descriptionibus insectorum. Editio altera, auctior. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholmiae [Stockholm], 48 +578 pp.

    Melo, G.A.R. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the major lineages of Apoidea (Hymenoptera), with emphasis on crabronid wasps. Scientific Papers, 14, 1–55.

    Menke, A.S. (1967) New genera of Old World Sphecidae (Hymenoptera). Entomological News, 78, 29–35.

    Menke, A.S. (1997) Family-group names in Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 6, 243–255.

    Mercet, R.G. (1905) Un «Gorytes» y una «Bembex» de Marruecos. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 5, 464–466.

    Mocsáry, A. (1879) Hymenoptera nova e fauna Hungarica. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 3, 115–141.

    Mocsáry, A. (1883) Hymenoptera nova Europaea et exotica. Értekezések a Természettudományok Köréből, 13(11), 1–72.

    Morawitz, F. (1888) Hymenoptera aculeata nova. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 22, 224–302.

    Morawitz, F. (1889) Insecta, a Cl. G.N. Potanin in China et in Mongolia novissime lecta. IV. Hymenoptera Aculeata. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 23,112–168.

    Morawitz, F. (1891) Ueber Astrachan'sche Fossorien. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 25, 175–233.

    Morawitz, F. (1892) Hymenoptera Aculeata rossica nova. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 26, 132–181.

    Morice, F.D. (1897) New or little-known Sphegidae from Egypt. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1897, 301–316, pl. VI.

    Morice, F.D. (1911) Hymenoptera aculeata collected in Algeria. The Sphegidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1911, 62–135.

    Nadig, A. (1933) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna von Marokko und Westalgerien. Erster Teil: Apidae, Sphegidae, Vespidae. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubündens, 71, 37–107.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1990a) Novyi vid royushchikh os triby Gorytini iz oligotsenovykh otlozheniy Primorskogo Kraya [New species of digger wasps of the tribe Gorytini from Oligocene Oligocene deposits of Primorsky Krai]. Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, 24, 123–125. (In Russian).

    Nemkov, P.G. (1990b) Royushchiye osy triby Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) fauny SSSR. Rody Gorytes Latreille, Pseudoplisus Ashmead, Kohlia Handlirsch [Digger wasps of the tribe Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) of the fauna of the USSR. Genera Gorytes Latreille, Pseudoplisus Ashmead, Kohlia Handlirsch]. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 69, 675–690. (In Russian).

    Nemkov, P.G. (1990c) Novyie i maloizvestnyie vidy royushchikh os (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) Vostochnoy Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka SSSR [New and little known species of Sphecidae of Eastern Siberia and Soviet Far East]. In: A.S. Lelej (Ed.). Novosti sistematiki nasekomykh Dal'nego Vostoka. Vladivostok, 79–85. (In Russian).

    Nemkov, P.G. (1992) Royuschchiye osy triby Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) fauny Rossii i sopredelnykh stran. Rody Lestiphorus Lepeletier, Oryttus Spinola i Olgia Radoszkowski [Digger wasps of the tribe Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) of the fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. The genera Lestiphorus Lepeletier, Oryttus Spinola and Olgia Radoszkowski]. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 71, 935–949. (In Russian).

    Nemkov, P.G. (1994) Novyie vidy royuschchikh os roda Harpactus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) iz tsentralnoy Palearktiki [The new species of digger wasps of the genus Harpactus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) from the central Palaearctic]. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 73(11), 64–71. (In Russian).

    Nemkov, P.G. (1995) New species of digger wasps of the genus Nysson Latreille (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) from Tajikistan. Far Eastern Entomologist, 22, 1–4.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1996) Royushchiye osy triby Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) fauny Rossii i sopredel'nykh stran. Rod Harpactus [Digger wasps of the tribe Gorytini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) in the fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. Genus Harpactus Shuckard]. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 75, 1204–1213. (In Russian).

    Nemkov, P.G. (1999a) New genus and species of the digger wasps of tribe Gorytini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Nissoninae) from Malay Peninsula. Far Eastern Entomologist, 74, 1–5.

    Nemkov, P.G. (1999b) Review of the Gorytes kohlii species group (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Bembecinae). Far Eastern Entomologist, 81, 1–5.

    Nemkov, P.G. (2001) Review of the digger wasps of the genus Synnevrus A. Costa (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Bembicinae) of Russia and neighboring countries. Far Eastern Entomologist, 98, 1–11.

    Nemkov, P.G. (2007) A new genus of digger wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Bembicinae) from North and Central America. Far Eastern Entomologist, 167, 1–4.

    Nemkov, P.G. & Gayubo, S.F. (2003) A new species of Nysson Latreille (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae) from Turkmenistan. Zootaxa, 144, 1–4.

    Nemkov, P.G. & Lelej, A.S. (1996) Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the digger wasp tribe Gorytini (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Nyssoninae). Far Eastern Entomologist, 37, 1–14.

    Nemkov, P.G. & Pulawski W.J. (2009) A cladistic analysis of Gorytina (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicini), with a reclassification of the subtribe, Zootaxa, 2069, 1–17.

    Nixon, K.C. (2002) WinClada version 1.00.08. Distributed by the author.

    Ohl, M. (2001) The Southern African wasp genus Handlirschia Kohl, 1897. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 20, 231–244.

    Ohl, M. (2009) A colorful new species of the digger wasp genus Pseudoplisus Ashmead from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Crabronidae). Zootaxa, 2009, 27–34.

    Ohl, M. & Spahn P. (2010) A cladistic analysis of the cockroach wasps based on morphological data (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae). Cladistics, 26, 49–61.

    Olivier, A.G. (1789) Bembex. In: Olivier A.G. (Ed.). Encyclopédie méthodique. Histoire Naturelle. Insectes. Vol. 4. Panckoucke, Paris, pp. 286–289.

    Packard, A.S. (1867) Revision of the fossorial Hymenoptera of North America. I. Crabronidae and Nyssonidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 6, 353–444.

    Palma, G. (1867) Notamento d’insetti Imenotteri Scavatori della Sicilia settentrionale. Annali dell’Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturaliste, (Serie 4), 1, 32–44, pl. 2.

    Panzer, G.W.F. (1798) Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. Fasc. 53. Felssecker, Nürnberg, 24 pls.

    Panzer, G.W.F. (1801) Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. Fasc. 81. Felssecker, Nürnberg, 24 pls.

    Panzer, G.W.F. (1805) Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten. Fasc. 89. Felssecker, Nürnberg, 24 pls.

    Panzer, G.W.F. (1806) Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands nach dem System bearbeitet. Bd 2. Felssecker, Nürnberg, 270 pp., 2 pls.

    Parker, J.B. (1917) A revision of the bembicine wasps of America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 52(2173), 1–155.

    Parker, J.B. (1929) A generic revision of the fossorial wasps of the tribes Stizini and Bembicini, with notes and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 75(5), 1–203, pls. 1–15.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1936) Studies in the Nyssoninae wasps (Gorytini: Sphecidae: Hymenoptera). I. The species of Psammaletes, a new subgenus of Hoplisoides. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 62, 49–56.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1937). The generic names of the sphecoid wasps and their type species (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 9, 1–103.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1947a) Two new wasps from southern Arizona (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Entomological News, 57, 237–241.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1947b) A revision of the genus Arigorytes (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Gorytini). The Canadian Entomologist, 79, 51–56.

    Pate, V.S.L. (1947c) On the gorytine wasps of the West Indies (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Entomological News, 58, 93–98.

    Patton, W.H. (1879a) Descriptions of several Crabronidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 11, 210–215.

    Patton, W.H. (1879b) List of a collection of aculeate Hymenoptera made by Mr. S. W. Williston in northwestern Kansas. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 5, 349–370.

    Prendini, L. (2001) Species or supraspecific taxa as terminals in cladistic analysis? Groundplans versus exemplars revisited. Systematic Biology, 50, 290–300.

    Pérez, J. (1905) Hyménoptères recueillis dans le Japon central, par M. Harmand, ministre plénipotentiaire de France à Tokio. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 1905, 23–39, 79–87, 148–158.

    Prentice, M.A. (1998) The comparative morphology and phylogeny of apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1439 pp.

    Provancher, L. (1888) Additions et corrections au volume II de la faune entomologique du Canada traitant des Hyménoptères. Quebec, pp. 409–440.

    Provancher, L. (1895) Les dernières descriptions de l'abbé Provancher. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 22, 79–80, 95–97, 110–112, 129–131, 140–142, 157–159, 172–174, 189–191.

    Pulawski, W.J. (1961) Sur deux Sphecidae (Hym.) du Liban. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 31, 93–96.

    Pulawski, W.J. (1979) Two new Dienoplus from Turkey (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 49, 475–480.

    Pulawski, W.J. (2007) The status of Liris magnificus Kohl, 1884, and Trichogorytes costaricae Bohart, 2000 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 16, 293–296.

    Pulawski, W.J. (2010) Catalog of Sphecidae sensu lato. California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, USA. Available from: http://research.calacademy.org/ent/catalog_sphecidae/ (accessed 9 November 2010).

    Radoszkowski, O. (1877) Sphegidae in Voyage au Turkestan d'A.P. Fedtchenko, Fasc. 14, tome 2, partie 5. Izvestiya Imperatorskogo Obshchestva Lyubiteley Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete, 26, 1–87, pls. I–VIII.

    Radoszkowski, O. (1884) Etudes hyménoptérologique [sic]. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 18, 23–29.

    Radoszkowski, O. (1886) Faune hyménoptérologique transcaspienne. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 20, 3–56, pls. I–XI.

    Radoszkowski, O. (1893) Faune hyménoptérologique transcaspienne (Suite et fin). Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 27, 38–81.

    Rohwer, S.A. (1909) Some new wasps. Entomological News, 20, 369–372.

    Rohwer, S.A. (1912) Descriptions of new species of wasps in the collections of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41, 447–478.

    Rossi, P. (1790) Fauna Etrusca sistens insecta quae in Provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit Petrus Rossius. Tomus secundus. Thomae Masi & Sociorum, Liburni [Livorno], 348 pp., X pls.

    Rossi, P. (1794) Mantissa Insectorum exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas a Petro Rossio adiectis faunae Etruscae illustationibus et emendationibus. Tomus secundus. Typographìa Polloni, Pisis [Pisa], 154 pp., 8 pls.

    Say, T. (1824) Appendix. Part. I. – Natural history. & 1. Zoology. In: Keating W.H. Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, &c. &c. performed in the year 1823 by order of the Hon. J.C. Calhoun, Secretary of War under the command of Stephen H. Long, Major U.S.T.E. Volume II. H.C. Carey & I. Lea, Philadelphia, 253–378.

    Say, T. (1837) Descriptions of new species of North American Hymenoptera, and observations on some already described. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, 361–416.

    Schrottky, C. (1909) Himenópteros de Catamarca. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, 68, 233–272.

    Schrottky, C. (1911) Neue südamerikan. Hymenoptera. 4. Fortsetzung. VI. Sphecoidea. Entomologische Rundschau, 28, 27–29.

    Schulz, W. (1904) Ein Beitrag zur Faunistik der paläarktischen Spheciden. Zeitschrift für Entomologie (Neue Folge), 29, 90–102.

    Schulz, W. (1906) Spolia Hymenopterologica. Albert Pape, Paderborn, 356 pp., 1 pl.

    Shuckard, W.E. (1837) Essay on the indigenous fossorial Hymenoptera; comprising a description of all the British species of burrowing sand wasps contained in the metropolitan collections; with their habits as far as they have been observed. Richter and Co., London, xii + 252 pp., 4 pls.

    Shuckard, W.E. (1838) Descriptions of new exotic aculeate Hymenoptera. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2, 68–82, pl. VIII.

    Smith, F. (1856) Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. Sphegidae, Larridae and Crabronidae. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 207–497.

    Smith, F. (1862) Descriptions of new species of Australian Hymenoptera and of a species of Formica from New Zealand. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, (Series 3), 1, 53–62.

    Smith, F. (1873) Descriptions of new species of fossorial Hymenoptera in the collection of the British Museum, and of a species of the rare genus Iswara, belonging to the Family Dorylidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Series 4), 12, 253–260, 291–300, 402–415.

    Spinola, M. (1808) Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores quas in agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit et iconibus illustravit Maximilianus Spinola, adjecto catalogo specierum auctoribus jam enumeratarum, quae in eadem regione passim occurrunt. Tom. II. Yves Gravier, Genuae, ii + 262 pp., 5 pls.

    Spinola, M. (1836) [Rectifications au sujet de quelques genres d'Hyménoptères]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 5, xxiii.

    Spinola, M. (1839) Compte-rendu des Hyménoptères récueillis par M. Fischer pendant son voyage en Egypte, et communiqués par M. le Docteur Waltl à Maximilien Spinola. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 7, 437–546.

    Spinola, M. (1841) Hyménoptères recueillis à Cayenne en 1839 par M. Leprieur, pharmacien de la Marine Royale. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 10, 85–149, pl. 3.

    Spinola, M. (1851) Compte rendu des Hyménoptères inédits provenant du voyagae entomologique de M. Ghiliani dans le Para en 1846. Preprint from Memorie della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, (Serie 2), 13, 3–78.

    Taschenberg, E.L. (1870) Die Larridae and Bembecidae des zoologischen Museums der hiesigen Universität. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 36, 1–27.

    Taschenberg, E.L. (1875) Nyssonidae und Crabronidae des zoologischen Museums der hiesigen Universität. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 46, 359–409.

    Thunberg, C.P. (1791) D. D. Museum Naturalium Academiae Upsaliensis. Appendix II. Quam consensu exp. Fac. Med. Upsal. praeside Carol. Pet. Thunberg publico examini proponit Hans Yman, Smolandus. In audit. Gust. Maj. D. April. 1791. Horis ante merid. solitis, Upsaliae, pp. 123–129.

    Tsuneki, K. (1963) The tribe Gorytini of Japan and Korea (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Etizenia, 1, 1–20.

    Tsuneki, K. (1971) Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 239. Sphecidae (Hymenoptera). I–II. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 17, 139–217.

    Tsuneki K. (1977) Two new species of the genus Alysson Panzer (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) in Japan. Kontyû, 45, 26–32.

    Tsuneki, K. (1982) Sphecidae and Scoliidae collected by Dr. K. Baba in the Southern Ryukyus (Hymenoptera). Special Publications of the Japan Hymenopterists Association, 23, 46–52.

    Turner, R.E. (1915) Notes on fossorial Hymenoptera. – XVII. On new Ethiopian species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Series 8), 16, 286–299.

    Turner, R.E. (1920) On some new species and others of fossorial Hymenoptera in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 17, 489–497.

    Valkeila, E. (1964) Nysson mimulus n. sp. (Hym., Sphecoidea) in Nord- und Mitteleuropa. Annales Entomologici Fennici, 30, 197–208.

    Vander Linden, P.L. (1829) Observations sur les Hyménoptères d'Europe de la famille de Fouisseurs, deuxième partie, Bembecides, Larrates, Nyssoniens et Crabronites. Nouvelles Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres de Bruxelles, 5, 11–125.

    Vardy, C. (1995) A new genus and species of stridulating wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Gorytini). Entomofauna, 16, 393–398.

    Vogrin, V. (1954) Einige neue Arten und Varietäten der Hymenoptera-Aculeata aus Jugoslawien. Zaštita Bilja, 26 (Supplement), 3–16.

    Waltl, J. (1835) Reise durch Tyrol, Oberitalien und Piemont nach dem südlichen Spanien. Pustet'sche Buchhandlung, Passau. Erster Theil, 247 pp. Zweiter Theil, Ueber die Thiere Andalusiens, 120 pp.

    Wesmael, C. (1852) Revue critique des Hyménoptères Fouisseurs de Belgique. Suite. Bulletin de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 19, 82–110, 261–286, 589–635.

    Williams, F.X (1914) Notes on the habits of some solitary wasps that occur in Kansas, with the description of a new species. The Kansas University Science Bulletin, 18, 223–230, pl. XXXIII.

    Williams, F.X. (1954) Xenosphex xerophila, an apparently new genus and species of wasp from southeren California (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Nyssoninae, Gorytini). The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 12, 97–103.

    Willink, A. (1958) Descripción de un nuevo género y especie de Bembicini y observaciones sobre otra (Hym.: Sphecidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 16, 47–54.

    Yasumatsu, K. (1939) Miscellaneous notes on the Hymenopterous fauna of South Manchuria (Fourth Report). The Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society, 9, 8–16.

    Yasumatsu, K. (1943) Notes on some East-Asiatic Sphecoidea in the collection of the Musée Heude. Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, 10, 1–32.

    Yasumatsu K. & Masuda, H. (1932) On a new hunting wasp from Japan. Fukuoka Hakubutsugaku Zasshi, 1, 53–65.