Abstract
Neopantopsalis n. gen. represents a previously unrecognised radiation of Opiliones from Queensland and northern New South Wales. Neopantopsalis quasimodo n. sp. is described from specimens examined but never published by the late G. S. Hunt. N. pentheter n. sp., N. psile n. sp. and N. thaumatopoios n. sp. are also described, while Pantopsalis continentalis and Spinicrus camelus are recombined as N. continentalis n. comb. and N. camelus n. comb., respectively. Neopantopsalis is distinguished from other genera of Monoscutidae by humps on the dorsal prosomal plate, lengthened spine rows on leg I, reduced bristle groups on the penis, and a long, dorsoventrally flattened glans. Male dimorphism is postulated for N. quasimodo, N. pentheter and N. psile, with rarer minor males that are considerably smaller and have less developed secondary sexual characteristics than the more common major males. A new terminology is introduced to facilitate descriptions of the propeltidium of Megalopsalidinae.References
Cokendolpher, J.C. & Taylor, C.K. (2007) Monoscutidae. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.), Harvestmen: the Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London, pp. 118–121.
Crawford, R.L. (1992) Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History, 8, 1–60.
Forster, R.R. (1944) The genus Megalopsalis Roewer in New Zealand with keys to the New Zealand genera of Opiliones. Records of the Dominion Museum, 1(1), 183–192.
Forster, R.R. (1948) A new sub-family and species of New Zealand Opiliones. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 313–318.
Forster, R.R. (1949) Australian Opiliones. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 16, 59–89.
Forster, R.R. (1964) The Araneae and Opiliones of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand. Pacific Insects Monograph, 7, 58–115.
Gray, M.R. (2001) Glenn Stuart Hunt (1944–1999), an appreciation. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 64, 11–14.
Hickman, V.V. (1957) Some Tasmanian harvestmen of the sub-order Palpatores. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 91, 65–79.
Hogg, H.R. (1909) Some New Zealand and Tasmanian Arachnidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 42, 273–283.
Hunt, G.S. (1971) The genus Nunciella Roewer (Opiliones, Laniatores) with descriptions of a new species from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 96, 53–65.
Hunt, G.S. (1972) A new cavernicolous harvestman from Western Australia (Arachnida, Opiliones, Triaenonychidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 11, 232–236.
Hunt, G.S. (1985) Taxonomy and distribution of Equitius in eastern Australia (Opiliones: Laniatores: Triaenonychidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 36, 107–125.
Hunt, G.S. (1990a) Hickmanoxyomma, a new genus of cavernicolous harvestman from Tasmania (Opiliones: Triaenonychidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 42, 45–68.
Hunt, G.S. (1990b) Taxonomic value of spiracle microstructure in the Megalopsalididae (Opiliones, Phalangioidea). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 190, 187–194.
Hunt, G.S. (1991) Harvestmen (Opiliones) in arid and semi-arid Australia. Australasian Arachnology, 41, 3–5.
Hunt, G.S. (1992) Revision of the genus Holonuncia Forster (Arachnida, Opiliones, Triaenonychidae) with description of cavernicolous and epigean species from eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 44, 135–163.
Hunt, G.S. (1993) A new cavernicolous harvestman from lava tube caves in tropical Australia (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangodidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 33, 217–219.
Hunt, G.S. (1995) Revision of the harvestman genus Miobunus from Tasmania (Arachnida: Opiliones: Triaenonychidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 52, 243–252.
Hunt, G.S. & Cokendolpher, J. C. (1991) Ballarrinae, a new subfamily of phalangioid harvestmen from the Southern Hemisphere (Arachnida, Opiliones, Neopilionidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 43, 131–169.
Hunt, G.S. & Hickman, J.L. (1993) Revision of the genus Lomanella Pocock with implications for family level classification in the Travunioidea (Arachnida: Opiliones: Triaenonychidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 33, 551–556.
Kauri, H. (1954) Report from Professor T. Gislén’s expedition to Australia in 1951–1952. 9. Harvest-spiders from S. W. Australia. Lunds Universitets Ärsskrift, (N. F. Avd. 2)50(11), 1–10.
Martens, J. (1976) Genitalmorphologie, System und Phylogenie der Weberknechte (Arachnida: Opiliones). Entomologica Germanica, 3(1–2), 51–68.
Nation, J.L. (1983) A new method using hexamethyldisilazane for preparation of soft insect tissues for scanning electron microscopy. Stain Technology, 58(6), 347–351.
Phillipps, W. J. & Grimmett, R.E.R. (1932) Some new Opiliones from New Zealand. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1932, 731–740.
Pocock, R.I. (1902) On some new harvest-spiders of the order Opiliones from the southern continents. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1902, 392–413.
Roewer, C.F. (1911) Übersicht der Genera der Subfamilie der Phalangiini der Opiliones Palpatores nebst Beschreibung einiger neuer Gattungen und Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 77(Supplement 2), 1–106.
Roewer, C.F. (1923) Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1116 pp.
Sclater, P.L. (1866) Notes upon the American Caprimulgidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866, 123–145.
Shultz, J.W. (2008) Leiobunum nigripes is a junior synonym of Leiobunum verrucosum (Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36(1), 184–186.
Shultz, J.W. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2007) Morphology and functional anatomy. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.), Harvestmen: the Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London, pp. 14–61.
Šilhavý, V. (1970) Nouvelles recherches sur la famille des Neopilionidae Lawrence. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (2)41(Suppl. 1), 171–175.
Simon, E. (1879) Descriptions d’Opiliones nouveaux. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 22(Comptes Rendus), lxx–lxxv.
Sørensen, W. (1886) Opiliones descripsit William Sørensen. In: Koch, L. & Keyserling, E. von (eds.), Die Arachniden Australiens nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet, vol. 2. Bauer und Raspe, Nürnberg, pp. 53–86.
Suzuki, S. (1973) Opiliones from the South-west Islands, Japan. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, (Series B, Division 1)24, 205–279.
Taylor, C.K. (2004) New Zealand harvestmen of the subfamily Megalopsalidinae (Opiliones: Monoscutidae) - the genus Pantopsalis. Tuhinga, 15, 53–76.
Taylor, C.K. (2008) A distinctive new species of Monoscutidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) from the wheatbelt of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 24(4), 375–380.