Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2008-12-05
Page range: 9–20
Abstract views: 93
PDF downloaded: 1

The Linnean foundations of zoological and botanical nomenclature

Zoological Institute & Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
General Classification History of systematics Linnaean hierarchy Nomenclature

Abstract

In contrast to primary taxonomic research, nomenclature is a tool to be used in information retrieval and with the aim of ensuring world-wide understanding. Radical changes to its guiding principles would be counterproductive as they would produce disorder in a system of internationally accepted conventions that have developed and matured over decades. Classifications are ordering systems. They are even more utilitarian in function and should not be constantly adapted to potentially ephemeral phylogenies. In principle, the Linnaean foundations of nomenclature and classification survive. Attempts to introduce fundamental changes or even alternatives were proposed a century too late to get enforced; they therefore failed.

References

  1. Ax, P. (2008) Plathelminthes aus Brackgewässern der Nordhalbkugel. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz (Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse), 2008(1), 1–696.

    Benton, M.J. (2000) Stems, nodes, clades and rank-free lists: is Linnaeus dead? Biological Reviews, 75, 633–648.

    Bieler, R. (1992) Gastropod phylogeny and systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 23, 311–338.

    Brickell, C.D., B.R. Baum, B.R., Hetterscheid, W.L.A., Leslie, A.C., McNeill, J., Trehane, P., Vrugtman, F. & Wiersema, J.H. (eds) (2004) International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (Acta Horticulturae 647). International Society for Horticultural Science, Edinburgh & Toronto, xx+123 pp.

    Cantino, P. D. & De Queiroz, K. (2000). International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature. Available from: http://www.ohio.edu/phylocode/preface.html (accessed 15 October 2008)

    Corliss, J.O. (1992) Should there be a separate code of nomenclature for the protists? Biosystems, 24, 1–14.

    De Queiroz, K. & Gauthier, J. (1992) Phylogenetic taxonomy. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 23, 449–480.

    Dominguez, E. & Wheeler, Q.D. (1997) Taxonomic stability is ignorance. Cladistics, 13, 367–372.

    Dubois, A. (2008) Phylogenetic hypotheses, taxa and nomina in zoology. In: Minelli, A., Bonato, L. & Fusco, G. (eds) Updating the Linnaean Heritage: Names as Tools for Thinking about Animals and Plants. Zootaxa, 1950, 51–86.

    Forey, P.L. (2001) The PhyloCode: description and commentary. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 58, 81–96.

    Greuter W., Hawksworth D.L., McNeill J., Mayo M.A., Minelli A., Sneath P.H.A., Tindall B.J., Trehane P. & Tubbs P. (1996) Draft BioCode: the prospective international rules for the scientific names of organisms. Taxon, 45, 349–372. [updated version: Taxon, 47, 127–150 (1998).].

    Hawksworth, D.L. (1992) The need for a more effective biological nomenclature for the 21st century. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 109, 543–567.

    Hennig, W. (1950) Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik. Deutscher Zentralverlag, Berlin, 370 pp.

    Hennig, W. (1966) Phylogenetic Systematics. Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana, 263 pp.

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th ed. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix+306 pp.

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2001) International Committee on Bionomenclature, Report. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 58, 6–7.

    Kraus, O. (1976) Phylogenetische Systematik und evolutionäre Klassifikation. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1976, 84–99.

    Kraus, O. (2004) Phylogeny, classification and nomenclature: a reply to F. Pleijel and G.W. Rouse. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 42, 159–161.

    Linnaeus C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria Naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, [4]+823+[1] pp.

    Mayr, E. (1969) Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw-Hill, New York, xiv+434 pp.

    Mayr, E. & Ashlock, P. (1991) Principles of Systematic Zoology. revised ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, xx+475 pp.

    McNeill, J. & Greuter, W. (1986) Botanical nomenclature. In: Ride, W.D.L. & Younès, T. (eds.) Biological Nomenclature Today: A Review of the Present State and Current Issues of Biological Nomenclature of Animals, Plants, Bacteria and Viruses (IUBS Monograph Series, 2). IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 3–26.

    McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Burdet, H.M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D.L., Marhold, K., Nicolson, D.H., Prado, J., Silva, P.C., Skog, J.E., Wiersema, J.H. & Turland, N.J. (2006) International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Regnum Vegetabile, 146). Koeltz, Königstein, xviii+568 pp.

    Melville R.V. (1995) Towards stability in the names of animals. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London, xi+92 pp.

    Minelli, A. (1993) Biological Systematics. The State of the Art. Chapman & Hall, London, xvi+387.

    Platnick, R.I. (1977) The hypochiloid spiders: a cladistic analysis, with notes on the Atypoidea (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 2627, 1–23.

    Pleijel, F. & Rouse, G.W. (2003) Ceci n’est pas une pipe: names, clades, and phylogenetic nomenclature. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 41, 162–174.

    Rieppel, O. (2006) The PhyloCode: a critical discussion of its theoretical foundation. Cladistics, 22, 186–197.

    Lapage, S.P., Sneath, P.H.A., Lessel, E.F., Skerman, V.B.D., Seeliger, H.P.R. & Clark, W.A. (eds.). (1992) International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (Bacteriological Code 1990 Revision). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., xlii+189 pp.

    Trehane, P. (1995) International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. Wimborne, UK, xvi+175 pp.

    Van Regenmantel, M.H.V. (ed.) (2000) Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Academic Press, New York. 1162 pp.

    Wägele, W. (1994) Review of methodological problems of ‘computer’ cladistics exemplified with a case study on isopod phylogeny. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 32, 81–107.