Abstract
The genus Paracladopelma Harnisch from the Sino-Indian region is reviewed. Five new species, P. binum, P. bui, P. cirratum, P. crenum, and P. digitum are described and illustrated as males. Five species, P. aratrum Chaudhuri et Chattopadhyay, P. furudoprimum Sasa et Arakawa, P. hibarasecundum Sasa, P. simantodeea Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, and P. tamahikawai Sasa are reexamined. Parachironomus tamanipparai (Sasa) is again placed in Paracladopelma. P. tokaradiea Sasa et Suzuki is a new synonym of P. kuramaclarum Sasa. Five species, P. daitoijea Sasa et Suzuki, P. inaheia Sasa, Kitami et Suzuki, P. misumaiprima Sasa et Suzuki, P. tokaraefea Sasa et Suzuki, and P. tonewabea Sasa et Tanaka are placed in the genus Cryptochironomus as new combinations. P. laminatum (Kieffer) is recorded for the first time from China. A key to all known males of Paracladopelma is presented.References
Albu, P. (1980) Fam. Chironomidae - Subfam. Chironominae. Fauna Republicii Socialiste România, Insecta, Diptera, 11(13), 1–320.
Ashe, P. & Cranston, P.S. (1990) Family Chironomidae. In: Soós, A. & Papp, L. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Psychodidae-Chironomidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, pp. 113–355.
Banarescu, P. (1992) Zoogeography of Fresh Waters. General Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals in North America and Eurasia. Volume 2. Aula Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 519–1091.
Beck, E.C. (1961) Two new Chironomidae (Diptera) and additional state records from Florida. Florida Entomology, 44(13), 125–128.
Beck, E.C. & Beck, W.M. (1969) Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida. III. The Harnischia complex (Chironominae). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 13(5), 277–313.
Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. Arkiv for Zoologi, 39A(3), 1–95.
Brundin, L. (1949) Chironomiden und andere Bodentiere der südschwedischen Urgebirgsseen. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bodenfaunistischen Charakterzüge schwedischer oligotropher Seen. Reports from the Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, 30, 1–914.
Chaudhuri P.K. & Chattopadhyay, S. (1990) Chironomids of the rice paddy areas of West Bengal, India (Diptera: Chironomidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 133, 149–195.
Chaudhuri, P.K., Hazra, N. & Alfred, J.R.B. (2001) A checklist of chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Indian subcontinent. Oriental Insects, 35, 335–372.
Chernovskij, A.A. (1949) Identification of larvae of the midge family Tendipedidae. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 31, 1–186. [In Russian.]
Cranston, P.S., Dillon, M.E., Pinder, C.V. & Reiss, F. (1989) The adult males of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 34, 353–532.
Cranston, P.S. & Martin, J. (1989) 26. Family Chironomidae. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Region. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, pp. 252–274.
Dutta, T.K., Ali, A., Mazumdar, A. & Chaudhuri, P.K. (1996) Chironomid midges of Harnischia complex (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Duars of the Himalayas India. European Journal of Entomology, 93, 263–279.
Edwards, F.W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279–439.
Fittkau, E.J., Schlee, D. & Reiss, F. (1967) Chironomidae. In: Illies, J. (Ed.), Limnofauna Europaea. Eine Zusammenstellung aller die europäischen Binnengewässer bewohnenden, mehrzelligen Tierazten, mit Angaben über ihre Verbreitung und Ökologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 346–381.
Freeman, P. (1955) Diptera (Nematocera): Chironomidae. South African Animal Life, Uppsala, 2, 361-381.
Freeman, P. (1957) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, part III. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Entomology, 5, 323–426.
Freeman, P. (1961) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 611–737.
Freeman, P. & Cranston, P.S. (1980) Family Chironomidae. In: Crosskey, R.W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, Publication 821, pp. 175–202.
Goetghebuer, M. (1928) Diptères (Nématocères). Chironomidae III. Chironomidae. Faune de France, 18, 1–174.
Goetghebuer, M. (1937–1954) Tendipedidae (Chironomidae). b. Subfamilie Tendipedinae (Chironominae). A. Die Imagines. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. 3(13c). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp.1–138.
Goetghebuer, M. (1942) Ceratopogonidae et Chironomidae nouveaux ou peu connus d'Europe (11e note). Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 18, 1–16.
Harnisch, O. (1923) Metamorphose und System der Gattung Cryptochironomus K. s. l. Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Differenzierung der Entwicklungsstände der Chironomiden. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 47, 271–308.
Hudson, P.L. (1971) The Chironomidae (Diptera) of South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Sciences, 50, 155–174.
Jackson, G.A. (1977) Nearctic and Palaearctic Paracladopelma Harnisch and Saetheria n. gen. (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34(9), 1321–1359.
Johannsen, O.A. & Townes, H.K. (1952) Guide to the insects of Connecticut. VI. The Diptera or true flies. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin, 80, 3–147.
Kawai, K. (1991) Seven new chironomid species (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Limnology, 52(3), 161–171.
Kieffer, J.J. (1913) Nouvelle contribution à la connaissance des Tendipédides d’Allemagne. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire naturelle de Metz, 28, 37–44.
Kieffer, J.J. (1921) Chironomides nouveaux ou peu connus de la région paléarctique. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire naturelle de Metz, 29, 51–109.
Lehmann, J. (1971) Die Chironomiden der Fulda. Systematische, ökologische und faunistische Untersuchungen. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 37(4), 466–555.
Lenz, F. (1959) Zur Metamorphose und Ökologie der Tendipediden-Gattung Paracladopelma. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 55(3), 429–449.
Lenz, F. (1960) Tendipedidae (Chironomidae). b. Subfamilie Tendipedinae (Chironomidae). B. Die Metamorphose der Tendipedinae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. 3(13c). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 139–260.
Makarchenko, E.A., Makarchenko, M.A., Zorina, O.V. & Sergeeva, I.V. (2005) Preliminary data on fauna and taxonomy of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Russian Far East. Vladimir Ya. Levanidov's Biennial Memorial Meetings, Vol. 3. Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 394–420.
Mozley, S.C. & Garcia, L.C. (1972) Benthic macrofauna in the coastal zone of southeastern Lake Michigan. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of Great Lakes Research, 1972, 102–116.
Oliver, D.R. & Dillon, M.E. & Cranston, P.S. (1990) A catalog of Nearctic Chironomidae. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication, 1857/B, 1–89.
Pinder, L.C.V. (1978) A key to adult males of British Chironomidae. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 37, 1–169.
Reiss, F. (1968) Ökologische und systematische Untersuchungen an Chironomidae (Diptera) des Bodensees. Ein Beitrag zur lakustrischen Chironomidenfauna des nördlichen Alpenvorlandes. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 64, 176–323.
Roback, S.S. (1957) The immature tendipedids of the Philadelphia area. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 1–152.
Sæther, O.A (1969) Some Nearctic Podonominae, Diamesinae and Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 170, 1–154.
Sæther, O.A. (1977) Taxonomic studies on Chironomidae: Nanocladius, Pseudochironomus, and the Harnischia complex. Bulletin of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 196, 1–143.
Sæther, O.A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 14, 1–51.
Sæther, O.A. (1990) A review of the genus Limnophyes Eaton from the Holarctic and Afrotropical regions (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 35, 1–139.
Sæther, O.A., Ashe, P. & Murray, D.A. (2000) Family Chironomidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to the Flies of Economic Importance). Appendix. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 113–334.
Sasa, M. (1983) Studies on chironomid midges of the Tama River. Part 5. An observation on the distribution of Chironominae along the main stream in June, with description of 15 new species. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 43, 1–67.
Sasa, M. (1984) Studies on chironomid midges in lakes of the Nikko National Park. Part II: Taxonomical and morphological studies on the chironomid species collected from lakes in the Nikko National Park. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 70, 19–215.
Sasa, M. (1985) Studies on chironomid midges of some lakes in Japan. Part II: Studies on the Chironomids collected from lakes in Southern Kyushu (Diptera, Chironomidae). Part III: Studies on the Chironomids collected from lakes in the Mount Fuji area (Diptera, Chironomidae). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 83, 25–160.
Sasa, M. (1988) Studies on the chironomid midges collected from lakes and streams in the southern region of Hokkaido, Japan. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 121, 8–76.
Sasa, M. (1989) Chironomid midges of some rivers in western Japan. Part 4: Chironomid species of Nagara River, Gifu; Part 6: Chironomid species collected at the side of Lake Shinjiko (Shimane). In: Some characteristics of nature conservation within the chief rivers in Toyama Prefecture (The Upper Reach of Shou River). Research Report from the Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1989, 27–110.
Sasa, M. (1989) Chironomidae of Japan: Checklist of species recorded, key to males and taxonomic notes. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 125, 1–177.
Sasa, M. (1991) The chironomids of the Joganji River and other places. Part 3: Studies on the chironomids of the Lake Nojiri Area, Nagano. In: Some characteristics of nature conservation within the chief rivers in Toyama Prefecture (The Upper Reach of Jyoganji River, Hayatsuki River and Katakai River). Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1991, 82–88.
Sasa, M. (1993) Pt. 5. The chironomids collected from lakes in the Aizu district (Fukushima). Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 1993, 69–95.
Sasa, M. (1998) Chironomidae of Japan. List of species recorded and supplemental keys for identification. Research Report Institute of Environmental and Welfare Studies, Sunaba, Kurobe-shi, Japan, 156 pp.
Sasa, M. & Arakawa, R. (1994) Part. 3. Seasonal changes of chironomid species emerging from Lake Furudo. In: Some characteristics of water quality and aquatic organism in the chief lakes in Toyama Prefecture (Lake Arimine, Kamiichigawa Reservoir). Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Center, 1994, 88–109.
Sasa, M. & Kikuchi, M. (1995) Chironomidae (Diptera) of Japan. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 333 pp.
Sasa, M., Kitami, K. & Suzuki, H. (2001) Additional studies on the chironomid midges collected on the shore of Lake Inawashiro. Research Report of the Dr. Noguchi Memorial Hall, 2001, 1–38.
Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1995) The chironomid species collected on the Tokara Islands, Kagoshima (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 46(3), 255–288.
Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1998) Studies on the chironomid midges collected in Hokkaido and Northern Honshu. Tropical Medicine, 40(1), 9–43.
Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (2001) Studies on the species of family Chironomidae (Diptera) collected on Minamidaito Island, Okinawa, south Japan. Part I. Tropical Medicine, 43(3/4), 61–92.
Sasa, M., Suzuki, H. & Sakai, T. (1998) Studies on the chironomid midges collected on the shore of Shimanto River in April, 1998. Part 1. Description of species of the subfamily Chironomidae. Tropical Medicine, 40(2), 47–89.
Sasa, M. & Tanaka, N. (2002) Studies on the insects of the family Chironomidae collected in winter from the Tone River, Gunma Prefecture. Annual Report of Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 34, 27–54.
Spies, M. & Sæther, O.A. (2004) Notes and recommendations on taxonomy and nomenclature of Chironomidae (Diptera). Zootaxa, 752, 1–90.
Sublette, J.E. & Sublette, M.S. (1965) Family Chironomidae (Tendipedidae). In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W., Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H. & Coulson, J.R. (Eds.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of American North of Mexico. United States Department of the Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 276, 142–181.
Thienemann, A. & Kieffer, J.J. (1921) Schwedische Chironomiden. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, 2, 483–553.
Townes, H.K. Jr. (1945) The Nearctic species of Tendipedini (Diptera, Tendipedidae =Chironomidae). The American Midland Naturalist, 34, 1–206.
Wang, J. (1987) Studies on Chironomidae larvae in mainstream tributary and main attached water of Yellow River within Qinghai Province. Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica, 7, 127–140. [In Chinese.]
Wang, X. (2000) A revised checklist of Chironomidae from China (Diptera). In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.), Late 20th Century Research on Chironomidae: An Anthology from 13th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Shaker Verlag, Achen, pp. 629– 652.
Wang, X. & Ji, C. (2003) Family Chironomidae. In: Huang, B. (Ed.), Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China. Vol. 8. Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou, pp. 43–65.
Wang, J. & Zhang, P. (1987) Research on chironomid larvae in the Liupanshan Mountain Nature Reserve. Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica, 7, 109–126. [In Chinese.]
Yan, J. & Wang, J. (1982) New records of Chinese chironomid midges from the Huangshui River in Qinghai Province (Diptera: Tendipedidae). Entomotaxonomia 4(3), 233–238. [In Chinese.]
Zorina, O.V. (2003) Four new species of non-biting midges of the Harnischia complex (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironominae) from Sakhalin Island (Russian Far East). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 2, 221–225.
Zorina, O.V. (2006) Non-biting midges of the genus Paracladopelma Harnisch (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Russian Far East. Zootaxa, 1134, 29–49.