Abstract
Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov. occurs at depths of 200 meters off Siquijor Island in the Philippines and is typical of the family Brissopsidae in having specialised aboral tube feet in ambulacra III within the peripetalous fasciole used for funnel building. It is distinct from species of Brissopsis and Metalia in having a shield-shaped subanal fasciole in conjunction with confluent posterior petals. This species has a particularly diverse array of highly localised pedicellariae, with three distinct forms of globiferous pedicellaria (simple fistulate, fanged fistulate and fanged open-bladed), three forms of straight bladed tridentate (narrow-valved, spatulate and terminal-toothed) as well as typical spatangoid rostrate, ophicephalous and triphyllous pedicellariae. Brissopsis persica is the only species in the genus that has a shield-shaped subanal fasciole. However, this species has divergent posterior petals, simple (non-lobed) anterior aboral tube feet, enlarged tubercles along the anterior ambulacrum, no anal fasciole, and lacks both globiferous and ophicephalous pedicellariae. These findings demonstrate that this Brissopsis persica does not belong in Brissopsis but should be placed in Metalia.References
Agassiz, A. (1898) Preliminary report on the echini ‘Albatross’ 1891. Bulletin of the Museum Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, Cambridge, 32, 82–83.
Agassiz, L. (1840) Catalogus systematicus Ectyporum Echinodermatum fossilium Musei Neocomiensis, O. Petitpierre, Neuchâtel, Jent and Gassmann, Solothurn, Switzerland, 20 pp.
Alcock, A. (1893) Account of the deep–sea collection made during the season 1892–93 (‘Investigator’). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 62, 169–184.
Bell, F.J. (1904) Description of a new genus of Spatangoid. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 13, 236–7.
Chesher, R.H. (1968) The systematics of sympatric species in West Indian spatangoids: a revision of the genera Brissopsis, Plethotaenia, Paleopneustes, and Saviniaster. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 7, 1–168, pls 1–35.
Clark, H.L. (1917) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Echinoneidae, Nucleolitidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Calymnidae, Pourtalesiidae, Paleostomatidae, Aeropsidae, Palaeopneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, Cambridge, 46(2), 85–283, pls 144–161.
Clark, H.L. (1925) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea–Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). London, Trustees of the British Museum, 250 pp., 12 pls.
Desor, E. (1858) Synopsis des Echinides fossiles. Reinwald, Paris, 490 pp., 44 pls.
Forbes, E. (1841) A history of British starfishes and other animals of the Class Echinodermata. J. Van Voorst, London, 267 pp.
Gray, J.E. (1851) New genera and species of Spatangidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2), 19, 34–38.
Gray, J.E. (1855) Catalogue of the recent Echinida, or sea eggs, in the collection of the British Museum. Pt 1. Echinida Irregularia. London, by order of the Trustees, 71 pp., 6 pls.
Koehler, R. (1914) An account of the Echinoidea, Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. Echinoidea I. Spatangidés. Calcutta, 8, 258 pp., 20 pls.
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. (M. de) (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères, généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leurs distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres et la citation synonymique des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent. 1ère édition 3. Paris, 586 pp.
Lambert, J. (1905) Echinides éocéniques de l’Aude et de l’Hérault. Pp. 129–164. In: Doncieux, L. (ed.), Catalogue descriptif des fossils nummuliques de l’Aude et de l’Hérault. Premiere partie: Montagne Noire et Minervous. Annales de l’Université de Lyon, 17, 1–184, 5 pls.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae. Edition 10. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae, 824 pp.
Loriol P. de (1876) Note sur quelques espèces nouvelles appartenant à la classe des Échinodermes. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, .24, 17 pp., 2 pls.
Mortensen, T. (1907) Echinoidea (part 2). Danish Ingolf Expedition. Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 200 pp.
Mortensen, T. (1913) Die Echiniden des Mittelmeeres, eine revidierte Ubersicht der im Mittelmeere lebenden Echiniden, mit Bemerkungen uber neue oder weniger bekannte Formen. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 21, 1–40, pls 1–5.
Mortensen, T. (1921) Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland–Campbell Islands I. Echinoidea. In: Papers from Dr. T. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition VIII. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I Kobenhavn, Videnskalbelige Meddelelser, 73, 139–197.
Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Danish Scientific Investigation in Iran II, 112 pp., 2 pls.
Mortensen, T. (1948) Report on the Echinoidea collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer ‘Albatross’ during the Philippine Expedition 1907–1910. Part 3. The Echinoneidae, Echinolampadidae, Clypeasteridae, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, Urchinidae, Echinocorythidae, Palaeostomatidae, Micrasteridae, Palaeopneustidae, Hemiasteridae and Spatangidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100(14), 93–140.
Mortensen, T. (1950) New Echinoidea (Spatangoida). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I Kjøbenhavn, 112, 157–163.
Mortensen, T. (1951a) Mortensen, T. 1951. A Monograph of the Echinoidea. V. Spatangoida 2. C.A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp., 64 pls.
Mortensen, T. (1951b) Results of the ‘Atlantide’ expedition, Echinoidea. C.A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 293–303, 3 pls.
Smith, A.B., Stockley, B. & Godfrey, D. (2005) Spatangoida. In: Smith, A.B. (editor) 2005. The Echinoid Directory. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/echinoid-directory/index (accessed 21st April, 2008).
Verrill, A.E. (1867) Notes on the Radiata in the museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 247–596.