Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 1626 No. 1: 31 Oct. 2007
Type: Article
Published: 2007-10-31
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1626.1.4
Page range: 51–58
Abstract views: 38
PDF downloaded: 29

A new phreatic catfish of the genus Phreatobius Goeldi 1905 from groundwaters of the Iténez River, Bolivia (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024–5192, USA
Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, Barrio Equipetrol, Calle 9 Oeste 138, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Laboratorio de Ictiología, Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos (ULRA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología (FCyT), Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Calle Sucre frente al parque La Torre s/n, zona las Cuadras. Asociacion Faunagua, final Av. Max Fernández, Zona Arocagua, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024–5192, USA
Siluriformes phreatic catfish Phreatobius groundwaters Bolivia new species

Abstract

Phreatobius sanguijuela, new species, is described from an artificial well located within the Río Paraguá drainage, a tributary of the Río Iténez, Bolivia. The new species is distinguished from its sole congener, P. cisternarum, by the absence of eyes, presence of 25–34 (versus 42–50) dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, 14–16 (versus 22–26) ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays, and 45–46 (versus 54–59) vertebrae. Both Phreatobius species are phreatic and known only from artificial wells penetrating near-surface aquifers of the Amazon River basin. Material of the new species represents the first records of Phreatobius from the upper Amazon, some 2000 km from reported locations of P. cisternarum near the Amazon River mouth. Phreatobius can be readily distinguished among siluriforms by the following combination of characters: dorsal and ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays extended rostrally, continuous with anal fin ventrally; caudal fin round; anal-fin rays unbranched; mouth prognathous, with jaws displaced dorsally on head; adductor mandibulae muscle hypertrophied, covering most of skull and posteriorly inserting onto first neural spine; first pectoral-fin ray soft, not spinous; bright red in life. This species is under severe threat from overexploitation by local people, who routinely capture and destroy it on the presumption that it represents a dangerous parasite.

References

  1. Bockmann, F.A. & Guazzneli, G.M. (2003) Heptapteridae. In: Reis, R.E., Kullander, S.O., & Ferraris, Jr., C.J. (Eds.), Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp 406–431.

    Brittan, M.R. & Bohlke, J.E. (1965) A new blind characid fish from southeastern Brazil. Notulae Naturae Philadelphia, 380, 1–4.

    Carvalho, A.L. (1967) Novos dados para o conohecimiento de “Phreatobius cisternarum” Goeldi (Pisces, Pygidiidae, Phreatobiinae). Atas do simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica. Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, Río de Janeiro, 3, 83–88.

    Fernández, L. (2005) Risk of extinction of a rare catfish of Andean groundwater and its priority for conservation. Ambio, 34, 269–270.

    Fernández, L. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2005) A phreatic catfish of the genus Silvinichthys from southern South America (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae). Copeia, 2005, 100–108.

    Ferraris Jr., C.J. (2007) Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types. Zootaxa, 1418, 1–628.

    Goeldi, E.A. (1905) Nova zoologica aus der Amazonas region. Neue Wirbeltiere. In: Congres International de Zoologie, 6. Compte-Rendus W. Kundig and Fils, Geneve, pp 542–549.

    Hancock, P.J., Boulton, A.J. & Humphreys, W.F. (2005) Aquifers and hyporheic zones: towards an ecological understanding of groundwater. Hydrogeol, 13, 98–111.

    Hellier, A., Newton, A.C. & Ochoa Gaona, S. (1999) Use of indigenous knowledge for rapidly assessing trends in biodiversity: a case study from Chiapas, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 869–889.

    Muriel-Cunha, J. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2005) New data on cistern catfish, Phreatobius cisternarum, from subterranean waters at the mouth of the Amazon River (Siluriformes, Incertae Sedis). Papeis Avulsos Zoologia, 45, 327–339.

    de Pinna, M.C.C. (1998) Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical Siluriformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi); historical overview and synthesis of hypotheses. In: Malabarba, L.R. Reis, R.E., Vari, R.P., Lucena, Z.M.S. & Lucena C.A.S. (Eds.), Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical fishes. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 279–330.

    Reichel, M. (1927) Etude anatomique du Phreatobius cisternarum Goeldi, silure aveugle de Bresil. Reviue Suisse Zoologie, 34, 285–403.

    Reis, R.E., Trajano, E., & Hingst-Zaher, E. (2006) Shape variation in surface and cave populations of the armoured catfishes Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Sao Domingos karst area, upper Tocantins River, Brazil. Journal of Fish Biology, 68, 414–429.

    Weber, A. (2000) Fish and amphibia. In: Wilkens, H., Culver, D.C. & Humpreys, W.F. (Eds.), Ecosystems of the world 30, subterranean ecosystems. Elsevier; Amsterdam, chapter 6, pp. 109–132.

    Weber, A.G., Proudlove, S., Parzefall, J., Wilkens, H. & Nalbant, T.T. (1998) Pisces (Teleostei). In: Juberthie, C. & Decu, V. (Eds.), Encyclopedia Biospeologica. Societe de Biospeologie, Moulis, France, pp. 1179–1190.