Abstract
The tadpole of Itapotihyla langsdorffii is described and illustrated. Morphological data are compared with available information on tadpoles of casque-headed frogs occurring in the Atlantic Rainforest (genera Aparasphenodon and Trachycephalus), and also with Osteocephalus. The ontogenetic shift in tooth row formula and the great similarity on tadpole external morphology among these genera do not allow the use of the examined larval characters on generic diagnoses. However, we present some juvenile characters which may support the validity of Itapotihyla. The confrontation of the hypotheses concerning oral disk morphology and larval habitat types of the casque-headed tree frogs with the phylogeny of the Lophiohylini indicates that the ancestral larval habitat of this tribe was lentic and that the high number of tooth rows in this clade is not related to larval habitat.
References
Ab’Saber, A.N. (1977) Os domínios morfoclimáticos na América do Sul: primeira aproximação. Geomorfologia, 52, 1– 23.
Altig, R. & McDiarmid, R.W. (1999) Body plan: development and morphology. In: McDiarmid, R.W. & Altig, R. (Eds.), Tadpoles: the Biology of Anuran Larvae, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 24–51.
Altig, R. & Johnston, G.F. (1989) Guilds of anuran larvae: relationships among developmental modes, morphologies, and habitats. Herpetological Monographs, 3, 81–109.
Bokermann, W.C.A. (1966) Lista Anotada das Localidades Tipo de Anfíbios Brasileiros, Serviço de Documentação da Reitoria da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 183 pp.
Caramaschi, U. & Peixoto, O.L. (2004) A new species of Phyllodytes (Anura: Hylidae) from the State of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia, 25, 1–7.
Céspedez, J.A. (2000) Historia natural de la rana de Pedersen Argenteohyla siemersi pederseni (Anura: Hylidae), y descripción de su larva. Boletin de la Asociación Herpetologica Española, 11, 75–80.
Cope, E.D. (1867) On the structure and distribution of the genera of the arciferous Anura. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 67–112.
Duellman, W.E. (1974) A reassessment of the taxonomic status of some neotropical hylid frogs. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of Kansas University, 27, 1–27.
Duellman, W.E. & Trueb, L. (1976) The systematic status and relationships of the hylid frog Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenger. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of Kansas University, 58, 1–14.
Duméril, A.M.C. & Bibron, G. (1841) Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome 8. Comprenant l'Histoire Générale des Batraciens, et la description des cinquante-duex generes et des cent soixante-trois espéces des duex premiers sous-ordres: Les péromèles qui n'ont pas de members, et les anoures qui sont privés de la queue, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 792 pp.
Faivovich, J., Haddad, C.F.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Frost, D.R., Campbell J.A. & Wheeler, W.C. (2005) Systematic review of the frog Family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, 1–240.
Frost, D.R. 2006. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference, American Museum of Natural History, New York. Available from http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html (accessed 20 May 2005).
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., De Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1–371.
Gosner, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183–190.
Henle, K. (1981) Hyla elkejungingerae, ein neuer Hylide aus dem peruanischen Regenwald (Amphibia: Salientia: Hylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 2, 123–132.
Hero, J.M. (1990) An illustrated key to tadpoles occurring in the Central Amazon rainforest, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Amazoniana, XI, 201–262.
Jared, C., Antoniazzi, M. M., Katchburian, E., Toledo, R. C. & Freymüller, E. (1999) Some aspects of the natural history of the casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger (Hylidae). Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 20, 105–115. Jungfer, K.H. & Hödl, W. (2002) A new species of Osteocephalus from Ecuador and a redescription of O. leprieurii (Duméril & Bibrón, 1841) (Anura, Hylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 23, 21–46.
Jungfer, K.H. & Schiesari, L.C. (1995) Description of a central Amazonian and Guianan tree frog, genus Osteocephalus (Anura, Hylidae), with oophagous tadpoles. Alytes, 13, 1–13.
Lutz, B. (1973) Brazilian Species of Hyla. University of Texas Press, Austin, XIX+265 pp.
McDiarmid, R.W. & Altig, R. (1990) Description of a bufonid and two hylid tadpoles from western Ecuador. Alytes, 8, 51–60.
Noble, G.K. (1925) An outline of the relation of ontogeny to phylogeny within the Amphibia. I. American Museum Novitates, 165, 1–17.
Prado, G.M., Borgo, J.H., Abrunhosa, P.A. & Wogel, H. (2003) Comportamento reprodutivo e redescrição do girino de Phrynohyas mesophaea (Hensel, 1867) do sudeste do Brasil (Anura, Hylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Série, Zoologia, 510, 1–11.
Schiesari, L.C., Grillitsch, B. & Vogl, C. (1996) Comparative morphology of phytotelmonous and pond-dwelling larvae of four neotropical treefrog species (Anura, Hylidae, Osteocephalus oophagus, Osteocephalus taurinus, Phrynohyas resinifictrix, Phrynohyas venulosa). Alytes, 13, 109–139.
Schiesari, L.C. & Moreira, G. (1996) The tadpole of Phrynohyas coriacea (Hylidae) with comments on the species’ reproduction. Journal of Herpetology, 30, 404–407.
Trueb, L. & Duellman, W.E. (1970) The systematic status and life history of Hyla verrucigera Werner. Copeia, 1970, 601–610.
Trueb, L. & Duellman, W.E. (1971) A synopsis of the neotropical hylid frogs, genus Osteocephalus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, 1, 1–47.
Wassersug, R.J. & Heyer, W.R. (1988) A survey of internal oral features of leptodactylidae larvae (Amphibia: Anura). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 457, 1–99.
Wogel, H., Abrunhosa, P.A. & Pombal Jr, J.P. (2000) Girinos de cinco espécies de anuros do sudeste do Brasil (Amphibia: Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Série, Zoologia, 427, 1–16.
Wogel, H., Weber, L.N. & Abrunhosa, P.A. (2006) The tadpole of the casque-headed frog Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro (Anura: Hylidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 1, 54–60.
Zimmerman, B. & Hödl, W. (1983) Distinction of Phrynohyas resinifictrix (Goeldi, 1907) from Phrynohyas venulosa (Laurenti, 1768) based on acoustical and behavioral parameters (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 211, 341–352.