Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4 No. 6: December 2021
Type: Review
Published: 2021-12-14
DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.1
Page range: 516–531
Abstract views: 392
PDF downloaded: 22

Revision of Epigambriinae Handlirsch, stat. nov., a subfamily of Early Jurassic Ithonidae s.l. (Neuroptera)

Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 960022, Russia
Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17a, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 123, 117997, Moscow, Russia
Neuroptera Ithonidae s.l. polystoechotid genus-group Epigambriinae Early Jurassic Dobbertin Grimmen Schandelah

Abstract

We redescribe the holotype of Epigambria longipennis Handlirsch, 1939 from the Early Jurassic of Dobbertin (Germany), the type of the family Epigambriidae Handlirsch, 1939. Two other early Toarcian genera from Germany (Polyosmylus Ansorge, 1996 from Grimmen and Rasnitsyneura gen. nov., the type species R. aequabilis (Bode, 1953), comb. nov. from Schandelach) are assigned to Epigambriidae, which we interpret as Epigambriinae, stat. nov., a subfamily of Ithonidae s.l. The venation of Epigambriinae is most similar to that of the polystoechotid genus-group but may be distinguished from members of this group mainly by (1) a single gradate series between branches of RP in both the fore- and hind wings, and (2) the absence of crossveins between branches of MP and CuA in the forewing.

References

  1. Andersen, S. (2001) Silky lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) from the Eocene—Paleocene transition of Denmark with a review of the fossil record and comments on phylogeny and zoogeography. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 32, 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631201X00290
  2. Ansorge, J. (1996) Insekten aus dem oberen Lias von Grimmen (Vorpommern, Norddeutschland). Neue Paläontologische Abhandlungen, 2, 1–132, 17 pls.
  3. Ansorge, J. (2003) Insects from the Lower Toarcian of Middle Europe and England. In: Krzemińska, E. & Krzemiński, W. (Eds), Proceedings of the Second Congress on Paleoentomology «Fossil Insects», Kraków, Poland, 5–9 September, 2001. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl.), 291–310.
  4. Ansorge, J. & Makarkin, V.N. (2021) The oldest giant lacewings (Neuroptera: Kalligrammatidae) from the Lower Jurassic of Germany. Palaeoworld, 30, 296–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2020.07.001
  5. Ansorge, J. & Obst, K. (2015) Stop 2: Lias-Tongrube bei Dobbertin. In: Börner, A., Niedermeyer, R.-O. & Schütze, K. (Eds), 79. Tagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Norddeutscher Geologen. 26.–29.05.2015 in Güstrow. Tagungsband und Exkursionsführer. Schriftenreihe des Landesamtes für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Heft 1, pp. 227–240.
  6. Archibald, S.B. & Makarkin, V.N. (2006) Tertiary giant lacewings (Neuroptera: Polystoechotidae): revision and description of new taxa from western North America and Denmark. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 4, 119–155, 307 (errata). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201906001817
  7. Bode, A. (1953) Die Insektenfauna des Ostniedersächsischen Oberen Lias. Palaeontographica, (A), 103, 1–375, 15 pls.
  8. Breitkreuz, L.C.V., Winterton, S.L. & Engel, M.S. (2017) Wing tracheation in Chrysopidae and other Neuropterida (Insecta): A resolution of the confusion about vein fusion. American Museum Novitates, 3890, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1206/3890.1
  9. Brues, C.T., Melander, A.L. & Carpenter, F.M. (1954) Classification of insects. Keys to the living and extinct families of insects, and to the living families of other terrestrial arthropods. Revised [2nd] Edition. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 108, v + 917 pp.
  10. Burmeister, H.C.C. (1839) Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung. Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Enslin, Berlin, i–xii + 757–1050 pp.
  11. Carpenter, F.M. (1940) A revision of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae, Berothidae, Sisyridae, Polystoechotidae and Dilaridae (Neuroptera). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 74, 193–280, 3 pls. https://doi.org/10.2307/20023398
  12. Carpenter, F.M. (1992) Superclass Hexapoda. In: Kaesler, R.L. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Vols. 3 and 4. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO & University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, xxi + 1–277 [vol. 3], ii + 279–655 [vol. 4].
  13. Engel, M.S. & Grimaldi, D.A. (2008) Diverse Neuropterida in Cretaceous amber, with particular reference to the paleofauna of Myanmar (Insecta). Nova Supplementa Entomologica, 20, 1–86.
  14. Giebel, C.G. (1856) Fauna der Vorwelt mit steter Berücksichtigung der lebenden Thiere. Monographisch dargestellt von Dr. C.G. Giebel. Zweiter Band: Gliederthiere. Erste Abtheilung: Insekten und Spinnen. F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, xviii + 511 pp.
  15. Hagen, H.A. (1862) Ueber die Neuroptern aus dem lithographischen Schiefer in Bayern. Palaeontographica, 10, 96–145, 3 pls.
  16. Handlirsch, A. (1906–1908) Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch für Palaeontologen und Zoologen. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, ix + 1430 pp. [Issued in 1906 (pp. 1–640); 1907 (pp. 641–1140); 1908 (pp. 1120–1430)].
  17. Handlirsch, A. (1913) Subphylum C. Insecta (Hexapoda). Insects. In: Eastman, C.R. (Ed.), Zittel, K.A. von. Text-book of paleontology. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1. Macmillan and Co., London, pp. 794–822.
  18. Handlirsch, A. (1920–1921) Palaeontologie. In: Schröder, C. (Ed.), Handbuch der Entomologie. 3. Band. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 117–306. [Issued in 1920 (pp. 113–208); 1921 (pp. 209–306)].
  19. Handlirsch, A. (1939) Neue Untersuchungen über die fossilen Insekten mit Ergänzungen und Nachträgen sowie Ausblicken auf phylogenetische, palaeogeographische und allgemein biologische Probleme. II. Theil. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 49, 1–240, 16 pls.
  20. Herrig, E. & Nestler, H. (1989) Katalog der paläozoologischen Typen. Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Sektion Geologische Wissenschaften, Greifswald, 80 pp.
  21. Ilger, J.-M. (2014) Insekten und andere Gliederfüßer. In: Hauff, R.B., Heunisch, C., Hochsprung, U., Ilger, J.-M., Joger, U., Klopschar, M., Kosma, R., Krüger, F.J., Thies, D., Zellmer, H. (Eds), Jurameer: Niedersachsens versunkene Urwelt. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, München, pp. 10–18.
  22. Jepson, J.E., Makarkin, V.N. & Coram, R.A. (2012) Lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Purbeck Limestone Group of southern England. Cretaceous Research, 34, 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.10.001
  23. Khramov, A.V., Yan, E. & Kopylov, D.S. (2019) Nature’s failed experiment: long-proboscid Neuroptera (Sisyridae: Paradoxosisyrinae) from Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 104 (104180), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.07.010
  24. Labandeira, C.C. (2002) Paleobiology of predators, parasitoids, and parasites: death and accommodation in the fossil record of continental invertebrates. In: Kowalewski, M. & Kelley, P.H. (Eds), The Fossil record of predation. Paleontological Society Papers, 8, 211–249. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1089332600001108
  25. Lambkin, K.J. (1986) A revision of the Australian Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) with a contribution to the classification of the family I. General and Drepanicinae. Australian Journal of Zoology (Supplementary Series), 116, 1–142. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS116
  26. Lambkin, K.J. (1988) A re-examination of Lithosmylidia Riek from the Triassic of Queensland with notes on Mesozoic ‘osmylid-like’ fossil Neuroptera (Insecta: Neuroptera). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 25, 445–458.
  27. Latreille, P.A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière de Crustacés et des Insectes. Vol. 3. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp.
  28. Leach, W.E. (1815) Entomology. In: Brewster, D. (Ed.), Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 9 (1), 57–172.
  29. Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 10th ed., vol. 1. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
  30. Liu, X.Y., Makarkin, V.N., Yang, Q. & Ren, D. (2013) A remarkable new genus of basal snakeflies (Insecta: Raphidioptera: Priscaenigmatomorpha) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research, 45, 306–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2013.06.001
  31. Lu, X.M., Zhang, W.W., Ohl, M. & Liu, X.Y. (2017) The first moth lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 78, 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.05.027
  32. Makarkin, V.N. (1990a) New names of Jurassic Neuroptera. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1990 (1), 120. [In Russian]
  33. Makarkin, V.N. (1990b) Baissoleon cretaceus gen. and sp. nov. Fossil Neuroptera from the Lower Cretaceous of Baisa, East Siberia. 2. Nymphitidae. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.), 26, 125–126.
  34. Makarkin, V.N. & Archibald, S.B. (2003) Family affinity of the genus Palaeopsychops Andersen with description of a new species from the Early Eocene of British Columbia (Neuroptera: Polystoechotidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96, 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0171:FAOTGP]2.0.CO;2
  35. Makarkin, V.N. & Archibald, S.B. (2009) A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America. Zootaxa, 2063 (1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2063.1.3
  36. Makarkin, V.N. & Menon, F. (2007) First record of the fossil ‘rapismatid-like’ Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 27, 743–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.11.003
  37. Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann, S. & Weiterschan, T. (2014) First record of Ithonidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber. Zootaxa, 3796 (2), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.10
  38. Makarkin, V.N., Yang, Q., Peng, Y.Y. & Ren, D. (2012) A comparative overview of the neuropteran assemblage of the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China), with description of a new genus of Psychopsidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Cretaceous Research, 35, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.013
  39. Martynov, A.V. (1937) Liassic insects from Shurab and Kisyl-Kiya. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 7 (1), 1–232, 7 pls. [In Russian with English summary]
  40. Martynova, O.M. (1949) Mesozoic lacewings (Neuroptera) and their bearing on concepts of phylogeny and systematics of the order. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 20, 150–170. [In Russian]
  41. Martynova, O.M. (1962) Superorder Neuropteroidea. In: Rohdendorf, B. B. (Vol. Ed.), Fundamentals of paleontology. Arthropoda—Tracheata and Chelicerata. Publishing of the Academy of Science of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 269–282. [In Russian]
  42. Menon, F. & Makarkin, V.N. (2008) New fossil lacewings and antlions (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Palaeontology, 51, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00740.x
  43. Navás, L. (1912) Insectos neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos. Memórias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, (3), 10, 135–202.
  44. Navás, L. (1932) Insectos de Papudo (Aconcagua) recogidos por don Arturo Fontecilla en Febrero de 1930. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 35, 71–73.
  45. Nel, A., Delclòs, X. & Hutin, A. (2005) Mesozoic chrysopid-like Planipennia: a phylogenetic approach (Insecta: Neuroptera). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 41, 29–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2005.10697440
  46. Newman, E. (1853) Proposed division of Neuroptera into two classes, Zoologist, 11 (Appendix), clxxxi–cciv.
  47. Oppenheim, P. (1888) Die Insectenwelt des lithographischen Schiefers in Bayern. Palaeontographica, 34, 215–254, 2 pls.
  48. Oswald, J.D. (1993) Revision and cladistic analysis of the world genera of the family Hemerobiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101, 143–299.
  49. Panfilov, D.V. (1980) New representatives of lacewings (Neuroptera) from the Jurassic of Karatau. In: Dolin, V.G., Panfilov, D.V., Ponomarenko, A.G. & Pritykina, L.N. Fossil insects of the Mesozoic. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, pp. 82–111. [In Russian]
  50. Peng, Y.Y., Makarkin, V.N. & Ren, D. (2016) Diverse new Middle Jurassic Osmylopsychopidae (Neuroptera) from China shed light on the classification of psychopsoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 14, 261–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2015.1042080
  51. Perkovsky, E.E. & Makarkin, V.N. (2015) First confirmation of spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Cretaceous. Cretaceous Research, 56, 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.06.003
  52. Ponomarenko, A.G. (1996) Upper Liassic neuropterans (Insecta) from Lower Saxony, Germany. Russian Entomological Journal, 4 (for 1995), 73–89.
  53. Ren, D. (2002) A new lacewing family (Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Entomologia Sinica, 9 (4), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2002.tb00172.x
  54. Ren, D. Engel, M.S. & Lu, W. (2002) New giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China (Neuroptera: Polystoechotidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 75, 188–193.
  55. Ren, D. & Yin, J. (2003) New ‘osmylid-like’ fossil Neuroptera from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 111, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2003)111[0001:NOFNFT]2.0.CO;2
  56. Ross, A.J. & Jarzembowski, E.A. (1993) Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M.J. (Ed.), The fossil record 2. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 363–426.
  57. Shi, C.F., Makarkin, V.N., Yang, Q., Archibald, S.B. & Ren, D. (2013) New species of Nymphites Haase (Neuroptera: Nymphidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China, with a redescription of the type species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3700 (3), 393–410. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3700.3.4
  58. Vilesov, A.P. & Novokshonov, V.G. (1994) New fossil insects (Myrmeleontida, Jurinida) from the Upper Permian of eastern Kazakhstan. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1994 (2), 66–74 [In Russian; English transition: Paleontological Journal, 28 (2), 81–92.]
  59. Wedmann, S. & Makarkin, V.N. (2007) A new genus of Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Eocene of Germany, with a review of the fossil record and palaeobiogeography of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 149, 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00273.x
  60. Winterton, S.L. & Makarkin, V.N. (2010) Phylogeny of moth lacewings and giant lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae, Polystoechotidae) by using DNA sequence data, morphology, and fossils. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103, 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN10026
  61. Winterton, S.L., Martins, C.C., Makarkin, V.N., Ardila-Camacho, A. & Wang, Y.J. (2019) Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae & Saucrosmylidae): a review of living and fossil genera. Zootaxa, 4581 (1), 1–99. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4581.1.1
  62. Xu, Y.F., Zheng, B.Y., Fang, H., Shih, C.K., Ren, D. & Wang, Y.J. (2021) New fossil giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Neuroptera, Ithonidae). Zootaxa, 5067 (2), 259–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.2.7
  63. Yang, Q., Makarkin, V.N., Winterton, S.L., Khramov, A.V. & Ren, D. (2012) A remarkable new family of Jurassic insects (Neuroptera) with primitive wing venation and its phylogenetic position in Neuropterida. PLoS ONE, 7 (9), e44762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044762
  64. Yang, Q., Shi, C.F., Pang, H. & Ren, D. (2019) A new genus of giant lacewing (Insecta, Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Zootaxa, 4613 (2), 375–378. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4613.2.11
  65. Yang, Q., Shi, C.F., Ren, D., Wang, Y.J. & Pang, H. (2018) New genus and species of sisyrids (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Late Cretaceous Myanmar amber. ZooKeys, 739, 151–158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.739.22310
  66. Zheng, B.Y., Ren, D. & Wang, Y.J. (2016a) Earliest true moth lacewings from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 61, 847–851. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00259.2016
  67. Zheng, B.Y., Ren, D. & Wang, Y.J. (2016b) A new species of Lasiosmylus from the Early Cretaceous, China clarifies its genus-group placement in Ithonidae (Neuroptera). ZooKeys, 636, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10103
  68. Zittel, K.A. (1921) Grundzüge der Paläontologie (Paläozoologie) von Karl A. von Zittel neubearbeitet von Dr. Ferdinand Broili. I. Abteilung: Invertebrata. 5-te Auflage. Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, München und Berlin, viii + 710 pp.
  69. Zittel, K.A. (1924) Grundzüge der Paläontologie (Paläozoologie) von Karl A. von Zittel neubearbeitet von Dr. Ferdinand Broili. I. Abteilung: Invertebrata. 6-te Auflage. Verlag von R. Oldenbourg, München und Berlin, viii + 733 pp.