Abstract
Physaloptera nordestina n. sp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) is described from the stomach of the snakes Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler), Pseudoboa nigra (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril) and Xenodon merremii (Wagler) (Squamata: Snakes), collected in northeastern Brazil. The new species has males with ornamented caudal alae connected ventrally, anterior to the cloaca, 21 caudal papillae, including four pedunculated and 13 sessile pairs (six surrounding the cloaca and three at tail), spicules sub-equal in size and with different shape. In addition, the females have the vulva located on the anterior third of the body and two to four uterine branches. Here we present the ninth species of Physaloptera that parasitizes reptiles from Brazil.
References
Allison, V., Ubelaker, J., Webster Jr., R. & Riddle, J. (1972) Preparations of Helminths for Scanning Electron Microscopy. Journal of Parasitology, 58 (2), 414–416.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3278123
Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (2009) Keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates. Archival volume. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publishing, 463 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935726.0000
Avila, R.W., Cardoso, M.W., Oda, F.H. & Silva, R.J. (2011) Helminths from lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) at the Cerrado of Goias state, Brazil. Comparative Parasitology, 78, 120–128.
https://doi.org/10.1654/4472.1
Avila, R.W. & Silva, R.J. (2011) Helminths of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Comparative Parasitology, 78, 129–139.
https://doi.org/10.1654/4473.1
Chabaud, A.G. (1975) Keys to genera of the order Spirurida. Part 1. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Wilmott, S. (Eds.), CHI keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, U.K., pp. 1–27.
Goldberg, S.R., Bursey, C.R. & Glaudas, X. (2013) Helminths of the Speckled Rattlesnake, Crotalus mitchelli (Squamata: Viperidae). Western North American Naturalist, 73 (4), 533–535.
https://doi.org/10.3398/064.073.0407
Goldberg, S.R., Bursey, C.R. & Vitt, L.J. (2013) Gastrointestinal nematodes of four species of Gonatodes (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Central and South America. Comparative Parasitology, 80, 143–146.
https://doi.org/10.1654/4587.1
Maldonado Jr., A., Simões, R.O., Luiz, J.S., Costa-Neto, S.F. & Vilela, R.V. (2019) A new species of Physaloptera (Nematoda: Spirurida) from Proechimys gardneri (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from the Amazon rainforest and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the genus. Journal of Helminthology, 94 (e68), 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X19000610
McAllister, C.T. & Bursey, C.R. (2007) First report of Nematode, Physaloptera squamatae (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) in Oklahoma, with a summary of hosts. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, 87, 65–67.
Molin, R. (1860) Una monografia del genere Physaloptera. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 39, 637–672.
Ortlepp, R.J. (1922) The nematode genus Physaloptera Rudolphi. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 4, 999–1107.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1922.tb07095.x
Pereira, F.B., Alves, P.V., Rocha, B.M., Souza Lima, S. & Luque, J.L. (2012) A new Physaloptera (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) parasite of Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) from southeastern Brazil. Journal of Parasitology, 98, 1227–1235.
https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3159.1
Pereira, F.B., Alves, P.V., Rocha, B.M., Lima, S.S. & Luque, J.L. (2014) Physaloptera bainae n. sp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) parasitic in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae), with a Key to Physaloptera Species Parasitizing Reptiles from Brazil. Journal of Parasitology, 100, 221–227.
https://doi.org/10.1645/13-281.1
Pinto, R.M., Muniz-Pereira, L.C., Panizzutti, M.M.H. & Noronha, D. (2010) Nematode parasites of the neotropical rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus linnaeus, 1758 (Ophidia, viperidae) from Brazil: new records and general aspects. Neotropical Helminthology, 4 (2), 137–147. [https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/22967]
São Luiz, J., Simões, R.O., Torres, E.L., Barbosa, H.S., Santos, J.N., Giese, E.G.; Rocha, F.L. & Maldonado Jr., A. (2015) A new species of Physaloptera (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from Cerradomys subflavus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil. Neotropical Helminthology, 9, 301–312.
Skrjabin, K.I. & Sobolev, A.A. (1964) Principles of nematology XII. Spirurates of animals and man and the diseases caused by them, II. Physalopteroidea. Izdat, Moscow, 334 pp.
Torres, E.J.L., Maldonado Jr. A. & Lanfredi, R.M. (2009) Spirurids from Gracilianus agilis (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Brazilian Pantanal wetlands with a new species Physaloptera (Nematoda: Spirurida). Veterinary Parasitology, 163, 87–92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.046
Wang, P.Q., Sun, Y.L., Zhao, Y.R. & Zhang, W.H. (1981) Notes On Five New Species Of Nematodes From Vertebrata In Wuyi, Fujian Province. Wuyi Science Journal. Available from: http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-WYKX198101012 (accessed 27 August 2018)
Vicente, J.J. (1981) Helmintos de Tropidurus (Lacertilia, Iguania) da coleção helmintólogica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, II. Nematoda. Atas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro, 22, 7–18.
Vicente, J.J. & Santos, E. (1974) Sobre um novo nematodeo do gênero Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819 parasito de cobra d’a´gua (Nematoda, Spiruroidea). Atas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro, 17, 69–71.
Vicente, J.J., Rodrigues, H.O., Gomes, D.C. & Pinto, R.M. (1993) Nematoides do Brasil. Parte III: Nematoides de répteis. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 10 (1), 19–168.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751993000100003
Vrcibradic, D., Vicente, J.J. & Bursey, C.R. (2007) Helminths infecting the lizard Enyalius bilineatus (Iguanidae; Leiosaurinae) from an Atlantic Rainforest area in Espýrito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia, 28, 166–169.