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Type: Article
Published: 2021-06-30
Page range: 164–179
Abstract views: 1116
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Polyploidization within the Funariaceae—a key principle behind speciation, sporophyte reduction and the high variance of spore diameters?

State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany
Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany; SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 16, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence livMATs @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
Bryophyte convergent evolution genome duplication hybridization mosses post-duplication diversification Entosthodon hungaricus Physcomitrella patens

Abstract

Although being recognized as a major force behind speciation in flowering plants, the evolutionary relevance of genome duplication (polyploidization) remains largely unexplored in mosses. Phylogenetic and-genomic insights from the model organism Physcomitrella patens and closely related species revealed that polyploidization, likely via hybridization (allopolyploidization), gives rise to new species within the Funariaceae. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear single copy gene BRK1 combined with the measurement of DNA content by flow cytometry, we identified Entosthodon hungaricus as such an allopolyploid species. Together with Physcomitrium pyriforme, Physcomitrium eurystomum and Physcomitrium collenchymatum, which were identified previously as species that likely arose by hybridization, E. hungaricus represents an additional allopolyploid lineage of a species complex that is characterized by convergent sporophyte reduction and a considerable variance in spore sizes. Based on morphological and cytological data from 18 species, we highlight the potential impact of polyploidization on the size of the spores and on sporophyte architecture.

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