Abstract
The genus Lamprima Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lampriminae: Lamprimini), is revised. Five species are recognised: one in New Guinea (L. adolphinae (Gestro, 1875)), two on isolated western Pacific islands (L. aenea Fabricius, 1792: Norfolk Island; L. insularis W.J. Macleay, 1885: Lord Howe Island), one in northeastern New South Wales (L. imberbis Carter, 1926) and a common widespread species in eastern and southern Australia, L. aurata Latreille, 1817. Lamprima aurata varies considerably morphologically and many of the different forms encompassed by this variation have been described as species. Our study of morphology does not support this classification. Therefore, Lamprima aurata is designated a senior synonym of the following 24 names: L. cuprea Latreille, 1817; L. latreillii W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. pygmaea W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. fulgida Boisduval, 1835; L. micardi Reiche, 1841 (new synonym); L. rutilans Erichson, 1842; L. splendens Erichson, 1842; L. viridis Erichson, 1842; L. nigricollis Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. purpurascens Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. sumptuosa Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. tasmaniae Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. varians Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. cultridens Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. amplicollis Thomson, 1862 (new synonym); L. krefftii W.J. MacLeay, 1871 (new synonym); L. violacea W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mandibularis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. sericea W..J Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L.nigripennis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. minima W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mariae Lea, 1910; L. coerulea Boileau, 1913 (new synonym); L. insularis Boileau, 1913 (new synonym). Lamprima adolphinae is a senior synonym of L. bohni (Darge & Séguy, 1953) (new synonym). Lamprima schreibersi Hope in Westwood, 1845, is an unnecessary nomen novum for L. aenea redescribed by Schreibers in 1802 from the same material as Fabricius, and therefore an objective synonym of L. aenea. Lamprima puncticollis Dejean, 1833, L. coerulea Hope in Westwood, 1845, and L. insularis Hope in Westwood, 1845, are nomina nuda, the last two names first made available by Boileau in 1913. The five Lamprima species are redescribed and recommendations made for their conservation. Type specimens of the species of Lamprima described by William Sharpe MacLeay and William John Macleay are illustrated for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for Lamprima insularis, L. latreillii, L. latreillii sericea, and L. mandibularis.
References
Adam, P. (1987) New South Wales rainforests. The nomination for the World Heritage List. National Parks & Wildlife Service, Sydney, ix + 160 pp.
Alderson, J. (1975) Descriptions of the larvae of four species of Lucanidae (stag beetle). Victorian Naturalist, 92, 71–79.
Anonymous (1862) [Obituary] The Rev. Frederick William Hope M. A. The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review, 1862 (January–June), 785–788.
Anonymous (2017a) Youtube search: Lamprima [online]. Available from: www.youtube.com/results?search_query=lamprima (accessed 5 July 2017)
Anonymous (2017b) Daily rainfall, Lord Howe Island aero. Online. Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government. Available from: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/ (accessed 21 September 2017)
Anonymous (2017c) The insects of Papua Indonesia. Online. Available from: http://www.papua-insects.nl (accessed 18 March 2018)
Anonymous (2017d) Average annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall. Online. Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government. Available from: www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/rainfall/index.jsp (accessed 18 March 2018)
Anonymous (2017e) Atlas of living Australia. Lamprima Latreille, 1804. Online. Available from: https://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:afd.taxon:f03d0568-799a-467f-9622-83008d5bb9ad (accessed 18 March 2018)
Anonymous (2018) Vascular plants APNI—Australian Plant Names Index [online]. Available from: https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apni (accessed 18 March 2018)
Arrow, G.J. (1936) The beetles belonging to the lamellicorn genus Chiron. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 17, 10, 150–153.
Bartolozzi, L., Zilioli, M. & de Keyzer, R. (2017) The stag beetles of Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and Fiji (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Taita Publishers, Hradec Králové, 176 pp.
Benesh, B. (1960) Lucanidea [sic]. Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa, 8, 1–178.
Boileau, H. (1913) Note sur lucanides conservés dans les collections de l'Université d'Oxford et du British Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1913, 213–272.
Boisduval, [J.A.] (1835) Faune entomologique de l’Océanie, comprenant les Coléoptères, les Hémiptères, les Névroptères, les Hyménoptères et les Diptères. Librairie Encyclopédique du Roret, Paris, 705 pp.
Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Lawrence, J.F., Lyal, C.H.C., Newton, A.F., Reid, C.A.M., Schmitt, M., Ślipiński , S.A., & Smith, A.B.T. (2011) Family group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). Zookeys, 88, 1−972.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807Britton, E.B. & Stanbury, P.J. (1981) Type specimens in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. VIII. Insects: beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 105, 241–293.
Burmeister, H.C.C. (1847) Handbuch der Entomologie. Vol. 5. Coleoptera Lamellicornia Xylophila et Pectinicornia. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 584 pp.
Carter, H. J. (1926) Revision of the Australasian species of Anilara (fam. Buprestidae) and Helmis (fam. Dryopidae), with notes and descriptions of other Australian Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 51, 50–71.
Carter, H. J. (1933) Gulliver in the bush. Wanderings of an Australian entomologist. Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 234 pp.
Cassis, G., Meades, L., Reid, C., Harris, R., Carter, G. & Jeffreys, E. (2003) Lord Howe Island: terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity & conservation. A report prepared by the Australian Museum Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Research for New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. Australian Museum, Sydney, 71 pp.
Cowan, C.F. (1971) On Guerin's Iconographie: particularly the insects. Journal of the Society for Bibliography of Natural History, 6, 18–29.
Daniels, G. (2004) Bibliography of Australian entomology 1687–2000. Vol. 1. A–M. G. Danels, Mount Ommaney, 879 pp.
Darge, R. & Séguy, E. (1953) Une variete nouvelle du Neolamprima adolphinae Gestro (Coleopt. Lucanidae). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 20, 252–253.
Dejean, P.F.M.A. (1833) Catalogue des Coléoptères de la collection de M. le Compte Dejean. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris, 443 pp.
de Lisle, M.O. (1975) Note sur la position systematique de quelques Coleoptera Lucanidae avec description de cinq especes nouvelles. Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, 5, 261–274.
d’Hotman, D. & Scholtz, C.H. (1990) Phylogenetic significance of the structure of the external male genitalia in the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera). Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Development, 77, 1–49.
Didier, R. & Séguy, E. (1952) Notes sur quelques especes de lucanides et descriptions de formes nouvelles. Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 19, 220–233.
Donovan, E. (1805) An epitome of the natural history of the insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and other islands in the Indian, Southern, and Pacific Oceans: including the figures and descriptions of one hundred and fifty-three species of the more splendid, beautiful and interesting insects, hitherto discovered in those countries, and which for the most part have not appeared in the works of any preceding author. Rivington, London, 190 unnumbered pp. and pls.
Erichson, W.F. (1842) Beitrag zur Fauna von Vandiemensland, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die geographische Verbreitung der Insecten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 8, 83–287.
Fabricius, J.C. (1792) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom. 1. Proft, Copenhagen, xx + 330 pp.
Fabricius, J.C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus 1. Academicus Novus, Kiel, xxiv + 506 pp.
Fearn, S. (1996) Observations of the life history and habits of the stag beetle Lamprima aurata (Latreille) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) in Tasmania. Australian Entomologist, 23, 133–138.
Fearn, S. (2015) A new adult host tree record for the green and gold stag beetle Lamprima aurata (Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) in Tasmania. The Tasmanian Naturalist, 137, 2–4.
Fearn, S. (2016) New ecological and behavioural observations on the green and gold stag beetle Lamprima aurata (Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) in coastal Tasmania. The Tasmanian Naturalist, 138, 57–61.
Fujita, H. (2010) The lucanid beetles of the world. Mushi-Sha's Iconographic Series of Insects, 6, 1–472.
Germar, E. (1848) Beitrage zur Insecktenfauna von Adelaide. Linnaea entomologica, 3, 153–247.
Gestro, R. (1875) Descrizione di un nuovo genere e di alcune nuove specie di Coleotteri Papuani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 7, 993–1027.
Green, P.S. (1994) Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. Flora of Australia, 49, 1–26.
Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1832) Iconographie du regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre animaux. Tome II. Planches des animaux invertebres. Balliere, Paris, Insectes pl. 27.
Hangay, G. & de Keyzer, R. (2017) A guide to stag beetles of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, x + 245 pp.
Harold, B. von. (1868) Catalogus coleoptorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. III. Familia XXXII. Lucanidae. E.H. Gummi, Munich, 38 pp. [pp. 941–978]
Holloway, B.A. (1960) Taxonomy and phylogeny in the Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Records of the Dominion Museum, 3, 321–365.
Holloway, B.A. (2007) Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna of New Zealand, 61, 1–254.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 3.1. Second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland/Cambridge, iv + 32 pp.
Kan, H. (2016) Golden green stagbeetle (Lamprima latreilleii) fight. Online video. Available from: www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_UcwYTus2M (accessed 29 July 2017)
Kim, S.I. & Farrell, B.D. (2015) Phylogeny of world stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) reveals a Gondwanan origin of Darwin’s stag beetle. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 86, 35−48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.02.015Krajcik, M. (2001) Lucanidae of the world. Catalogue – part 1. Checklist of the stag beetles of the world (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Krajcik, Most, vi + 108 pp.
Kriesche, R. (1940) Vier neue Lucaniden. Entomologische Blaetter, Krefeld, 36, 39–40.
Lambeck, K. & Chappell, J. (2001) Sea level change through the last glacial cycle. Science, 292 (5517), 679–686.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059549Latreille, P.A. (1804a) Tableau méthodique des Insectes. Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, principalement à l’agriculture et à l’économie rurale et domestique; par un société de naturalistes et d’agriculteurs. Tableaux méthodiques d’histoire naturelle. Tome XXIV. Déterville, Paris, 84 + 85 + 238 + 18 + 34 pp.
Latreille, P.A. (1804b) Histoire naturelle, génerale et particulière, des crustacés et des insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite aux oevres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du cours complet d'histoire naturelle rédigé par C. S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes. Tome Neuvième. Dufart, Paris, 445 pp.
Latreille, P.A. (1817) Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, a l'agriculture, a l'économie rurale et domestique, a la medecine, etc. Nouvelle edition. Vol. 17. Déterville, Paris, 622 pp.
Lawrence, J.F. (1981) Notes on larval Lucanidae (Coleoptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 20, 213–219.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1981.tb01035.xLawrence, J.F. & Ślipiński, A. (2013) Australian Beetles. Vol. 1. Morphology, Classification and Keys. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, viii + 561 pp.
Lea, A.M. (1910) On Australian and Tasmanian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species. Part 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 22 (1909], 115–152, pl. 30.
Lea, A.M. (1929) Notes on some miscellaneous Coleoptera, with descriptions on new species. Part VII. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Southern Australia, 53, 203–244.
Levet, B. (2016) Observations sur Lamprima adolphinae (Gestro, 1875) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Lucanidae). Le Coléoptériste, 19, 106–107.
MacLeay, W.[.J.] (1871) Notes on a collection of insects from Gayndah. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, 2, 79–205.
Macleay, W.[J.] (1885a) Revision of the genus Lamprima of Latreille, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 10, 129–140.
Macleay, W.[J.] (1885b) Two new Australian Lucandiae [sic]. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 10, 199–202.
Macleay, W.[J.] (1885c) A new genus of the subfamily Lamprimides of Lacordaire. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 10, 473–474.
MacLeay, W.S. (1819) Horae Entomologicae: or Essays on the Annulose Animals. Volume 1, part 1. Bagster, London, 160 pp., pls. 1−3.
Matthews, E.G. (1984) A guide to the genera of beetles of South Australia, part 3. South Australian Museum, Adelaide, 60 pp.
Mizunuma, T. & Nagai, S. (1994) The lucanid beetles of the world. Mushi-Sha, Nakano, 337 pp.
Moore, B.P. (1984) A guide to the beetles of south-eastern Australia. Part 6. Australian Entomological Press, Greenwich, pp. 85–100.
Moore, B.P. (1986) A guide to the beetles of south-eastern Australia. Part 7. Australian Entomological Press, Greenwich, pp. 101–116.
Moore, B.P. & Cassis, G. (1992) Lucanidae. In: Cassis, G., Houston, W.W.K., Weir, T.A. & Moore, B.P. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 9. Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 4–19.
Nagel, P. (1922) Neolamprima Gestro = Lamprima Latr. Neolamprima mandibularis M’Leay = Lamprima latreillei M’Leay (Col. Lucan.). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 11, 16–17.
Nagel, P. (1930) Neues űber Hirschkäfer. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 91, 85–94.
Olliff, A.S. (1889) The insect fauna of Lord Howe Island. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 2, 75–98.
Parry, F.J.S. (1864) A catalogue of lucanoid Coleoptera; with illustrations and descriptions of various new and interesting species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 2, 1–113, 12 pls.
Parry, F.J.S. (1870) A revised catalogue of the lucanoid Coleoptera, with remarks on the nomenclature, and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1870, 53–118.
Paulsen, M.J. (2005) A revision of the southern South American stag beetles of the genus Sclerostomus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae). Zootaxa, 1060 (1), 1–26.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1060.1.1Paulsen, M.J. (2010) The stag beetles of southern South America (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 24, 1–148.
Prideaux, G.J., Long, J. A., Ayliffe, L.K., Hellstrom, J.C., Pillans, B., Boles, W.E., Hutchinson, M.N., Roberts, R.G., Cupper, M.L., Arnold, L.J., Devine, P.D. & Warburton, N.M. (2007) An arid-adapted middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from south-central Australia. Nature, 445, 422–425.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05471Reiche, L.J. (1841) Note sur le genre Lamprima, et description d'une nouvelle espece. Revue Zoologique, 4, 50–51.
Reiche, L.J. (1853) Notes synonymiques sur les especies de la famille des pectinicornes decrites dans le cinquieme volume de l'handbuch der entomologie, par M. H. Burmeister. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Series 3, 1, 67–86.
Reid, C.A.M. (2004) Statement in the matter of Koichiro Ushijima & Motoji Chikakura. Unpublished expert witness statement tendered to Australian Federal Magistrates Court, Sydney. [unpaginated]
Reid, C.A.M. & Beatson, M. (2016) Revision of the stag beetle genus Ryssonotus MacLeay (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species. Zootaxa, 4150 (1), 1–39.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4150.1.1Schreibers, C. (1802) Descriptions of some singular coleopterous insects. Transactions of the Linnean Society, 6, 185–206, pl. 19.
Stevens, P.F. (2017) Angiosperm phylogeny website. Version 14. July 2017. [online]. Available from: http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb (accessed 18 March 2018)
Suzuki, T. (2012) Notes on adult behaviour of the stag beetle Lumprima [sic] latreillei W.S. Macleay, in North Queenslands [sic], Australia. Gekkan-Mushi, 498, 2–9.
Thomson, J. (1862) Catalogue des lucanides de la collection de M. James Thomson suivi d'un appendix renfermant la description des coupes génériques et spécifiques nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Series 4, 2, 389–436.
Westwood, J.O. (1845) A catalogue of the lucanoid Coleoptera in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, together with descriptions of the new species therein contained. Bridgewater, London, 31 pp.
Wilson, A.J.G. (1994) Flora of Australia, Volume 49. Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xxiii + 681 pp.
Wood, G.A., Hasenpusch, J. & Storey, R.I. (1996) The life history of Phalacrognathus muelleri (Macleay) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Australian Entomologist, 23, 37–48.