Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2016-07-14
Page range: 1–58
Abstract views: 243
PDF downloaded: 11

Alpheid shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea) of the Trindade & Martin Vaz Archipelago, off Brazil, with new records, description of a new species of Synalpheus and remarks on zoogeographical patterns in the oceanic islands of the tropical southern Atlantic

Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263-000, Brazil
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263-000, Brazil
Crustacea Southwestern Atlantic Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain shrimp Alpheidae decapod marine biogeography

Abstract

The present study deals with shrimps of the family Alpheidae collected in the shallow waters around the remote Trindade & Martin Vaz Archipelago, situated 1200 km off the coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A few additional samples came from dredges on top of the seamounts of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain. A total of 23 species in eight genera are reported, the vast majority representing new records for the area. One species is described as new, Synalpheus trinitatis sp. nov., based on the type material from Trindade Island. The new species clearly belongs to the Synalpheus brooksi Coutière, 1909 species complex, differing from all its other members by at least two morphological features. Four species represent new records for Brazil and the southwestern Atlantic: Alpheopsis aequalis Coutière, 1897 sensu lato, Alpheopsis chalciope de Man, 1910 sensu lato, Alpheus crockeri (Armstrong, 1941) and Prionalpheus gomezi Martínez-Iglesias & Carvacho, 1991; the two species of Alpheopsis are recorded from the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. The colour pattern of the recently described Alpheus rudolphi Almeida & Anker, 2011, a species endemic to Brazil, is shown for the first time and compared to the colour patterns of the four closely related species of the A. armatus Rathbun, 1901 complex from the Caribbean–Florida region. A brief zoogeographical analysis of the alpheid fauna of the oceanic islands of the tropical southern Atlantic (Trindade & Martin Vaz, Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, São Pedro & São Paulo, Ascension, Saint Helena, Cape Verde, São Tomé & Príncipe) is also provided.

 

References

  1. Abele, L.G. & Kim, W. (1986) An illustrated guide to the marine decapod crustaceans of Florida. Technical Series, Department of Environmental Regulations, 8 (parts 1 + 2), 760 pp.

    Almeida, A.O. & Anker, A. (2011) Alpheus rudolphi spec. nov., a new snapping shrimp from northeastern Brazil (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) Zoologische Mededelingen, 85, 1–10.

    Almeida, A.O., Boehs, G., Araújo-Silva, C. & Bezerra, L.E.A. (2012) Shallow-water caridean shrimps from southern Bahia, Brazil, including the first record of Synalpheus ul (Ríos & Duffy, 2007) (Alpheidae) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, 3347, 1–35.

    Almeida, A.O., Costa-Souza, A.C., Cunha, A.M., Santos P.S., Oliveira, M.V. & Soledade, G.O. (2013) Estuarine caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil: updated checklist and a key for their identification. Check List, 9, 1396–1405.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16540

    Alves, M.L., Ramos-Porto, M. & Viana, G.F.S. (2008) Checklist of the decapods (Crustacea) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Zootaxa, 1881, 43–68.

    Anker, A. (2007) New species and records of alpheid shrimps, genera Salmoneus Holthuis and Parabetaeus Coutière, from the tropical western Atlantic (Decapoda, Caridea). Zootaxa, 1653, 21–39.

    Anker, A. (2010) The shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) in the tropical western Atlantic, with description of five new species. Zootaxa, 2372, 177–205.

    Anker, A. (2011) First records of the alpheid shrimp genus Parabetaeus Coutière, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the eastern Atlantic and western Caribbean Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 4 (e95), 1–4.

    Anker, A. (2012) Revision of the western Atlantic members of the Alpheus armillatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 species complex (Decapoda, Alpheidae), with the description of seven new species. Zootaxa Monographs, 3386, 1–109.

    Anker, A. (2015) Description of a new distinctive species of Parabetaeus Coutière, 1897 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 3957 (5), 585–595.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3957.5.7

    Anker, A. & Ahyong, S.T. (2007) Description of two species in the alpheid shrimp genus Athanas Leach, 1814, with remarks on A. amazone Holthuis, 1951 (Decapoda, Caridea). Zootaxa, 1563, 17–30.

    Anker, A., Ahyong, S.T., Noël, P.Y. & Palmer, A.R. (2006) Morphological phylogeny of alpheid shrimps: parallel preadaptation and the origin of a key morphological innovation, the snapping claw. Evolution, 60, 2507–2528.

    Anker, A. & De Grave, S. (2012a) Description of Alpheus cedrici sp. nov., a strikingly coloured snapping shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) from Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean. ZooKeys, 183, 1–15.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.183.3073

    Anker, A. & De Grave, S. (2012b) Rediscovery and range extension of the rare Caribbean alpheid shrimp, Prionalpheus gomezi (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Marine Biodiversity Records, 5 (e107), 1–5.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755267212000553

    Anker, A. & Dworschak P. (2004) A new species of Alpheus from the tropical eastern Atlantic (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 105B, 47–58.

    Anker, A. Hurt, C. & Knowlton, N. (2007a) Revision of the Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt) species complex, with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 1577, 41–60.

    Anker, A., Hurt, C. & Knowlton, N. (2007b) Three transisthmian snapping shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae: Alpheus) associated with innkeeper worms (Echiura: Thalassematidae). Zootaxa, 1626, 1–23.

    Anker, A., Hurt, C., Jara, J. & Knowlton, N. (2008a) Revision of the Alpheus cylindricus Kingsley, 1878 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae), with revalidation of A. vanderbilti Boone, 1930. Zootaxa, 1943, 53–68.

    Anker, A., Hurt, C. & Knowlton, N. (2008b) Revision of the Alpheus cristulifrons species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 543–562.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408001136

    Anker, A., Hurt, C. & Knowlton, N. (2008c) Revision of the Alpheus websteri Kingsley, 1880 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae), with revalidation of A. arenensis (Chace, 1937). Zootaxa, 1694, 51–68.

    Anker, A., Hurt, C. & Knowlton, N. (2008d) Revision of the Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850 complex, with redescription of A. formosus and description of a new species from the tropical western Atlantic (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 1707, 1–22.

    Anker, A., Hurt, C. & Knowlton, N. (2009) Description of cryptic taxa within the Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1878 and A. hebes Kim and Abele, 1988 species complexes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 2153, 1–23.

    Anker, A. & Pachelle, P.P.G. (2013) Re-examination of the eastern Pacific and Atlantic material of Alpheus malleator Dana, 1852, with the description of Alpheus wonkimi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 3637 (4), 412–431.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3637.4.2

    Anker, A. & Pachelle, P.P.G. (2014) Taxonomic notes on some Brazilian species of Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888, with new records and description of a new species (Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 3815 (2), 215–232.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3815.2.3

    Anker, A., Pachelle, P.P.G., De Grave, S. & Hultgren, K.M. (2012) Taxonomic and biological notes on some Atlantic species of the snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 3598, 1–96.

    Anker, A., d’Udekem d’Acoz, C. & Poddoubtchenko, D. (2005) Description of a new species of Alpheopsis from the Azores, with remarks on A. africana Holthuis, 1952 and other species of the A. trispinosa (Stimpson, 1860) group (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 75, 97–110.

    Armstrong, J.C. (1940) New species of Caridea from the Bermudas. American Museum Novitates, 1096, 1–10.

    Armstrong, J.C. (1941) The Caridea and Stomatopoda of the second Templeton Crocker-American Museum expedition to the Pacific Ocean. American Museum Novitates, 1137, 1–14.

    Banner, A.H. (1953) The Crangonidae, or snapping shrimp, of Hawaii. Pacific Science, 7, 3–147.

    Banner, A.H. (1956) Contributions to the knowledge of the alpheid shrimp of the Pacific Ocean, part I: collections from the Mariana Archipelago. Pacific Science, 10, 318–373.

    http://hdl.handle.net/10125/8702

    Banner, A.H. & Banner, D.M. (1960) Contributions to the knowledge of the alpheid shrimp of the Pacific Ocean. Part VI. Prionalpheus, a new genus of the Alpheidae. Pacific Science, 14, 292–298.

    http://hdl.handle.net/10125/8591

    Banner, A.H. & Banner, D.M. (1966). The alpheid shrimp of Thailand. The Siam Society Monograph Series, 3, 1–168.

    Banner, A.H. & Banner, D.M. (1983) An annotated checklist of the alpheid shrimp from the Western Indian Ocean. Travaux et Documents de l’ORSTOM, 158, 1–164.

    Banner, D.M. & Banner, A.H. (1973) The alpheid shrimp of Australia. Part I: The lower genera. Records of the Australian Museum, 28, 291–382.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.28.1973.407

    Banner, D.M. & Banner, A.H. (1982) The alpheid Shrimp of Australia, part III: the remaining alpheids, principally the genus Alpheus, and the family Ogyrididae. Records of the Australian Museum, 34, 1–357.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.34.1982.434

    Bezerra, L.E.A. & Coelho, P.A. (2006) Crustáceos decápodos associados a esponjas no litoral do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 699–702.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752006000300012

    Bonatti, E. (1990) Subcontinental mantle exposed in the Atlantic Ocean on St Peter-Paul islets. Nature, 345, 800–802.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345800a0

    Boone, L. (1930) Crustacea: Anomura, Macrura, Schizopoda, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Mysidacea, Cirripedia, and Copepoda. In: Scientific Results of Cruises of the yachts “Eagle” and “Ara”, 1921–1928, William K. Vanderbilt Commanding. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum, 3, pp. 1–221, pls. 1–83.

    Boone, L. (1931) A collection of anomuran and macruran Crustacea from the Bay of Panama and the fresh waters of the Canal Zone. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 63, 137–189.

    Boschi, E.B. (2000) Species of decapod crustaceans and their distribution in the American marine zoogeographic provinces. Revista de Investigación y Desarollo Pesquero, 13, 1–136.

    Bowen, T. (1966) St. Paul’s on the subway. Oceanus, 12 (4), 2–4.

    Bracken-Grissom, H.D. & Felder, D.L. (2014) Provisional revision of American snapping shrimp allied to Alpheus floridanus Kingsley, 1878 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) with notes on A. floridanus africanus. Zootaxa, 3895 (4), 451–491.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3895.4.1

    Brown, J. (2015) Marine life of St. Helena. Pisces Publications, Newbury, 220 pp.

    Carlquist, S. (1974) Island biology. Columbia University Press, New York, 660 pp.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63768

    Carvacho, A. (1979) Les crevettes carides de la mangrove guadeloupéenne. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (4), section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Écologie Animales, 1, 445–470.

    Carvalho, J.P. (1950) Resultados cientificos do cruzeiro do “Baependi” e do “Vega” à I. da Trindade. Peixes. Boletim do Instituto Paulista de Ocenografia, 1, 97–133.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-42391950000100008

    Chace, F.A. Jr. (1955) Notes on shrimps from the Marshall Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 105 (3349), 1–22.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.105-3349.1

    Chace, F.A. Jr. (1956) Crustáceos decápodos y estomatópodos del Archipiélago de los Roques e Isla de la Orchila. In: Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle (Eds.), Archipiélago de Los Roques y la Orchila. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, Editorial Sucre, Caracas, pp. 145–168, 4 pls.

    Chace, F.A. Jr. (1966) Decapod Crustacea from St. Helena Island, South Atlantic. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 118, 623–661, pls. 1, 2.

    Chace, F.A. Jr. (1972) The shrimps of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition with summary of the West Indian shallow-water species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 98, i–x, 1–179.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.98

    Chace, F.A. Jr (1988) The caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910, part 5: family Alpheidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 466, i–v + 1–99.

    Christoffersen, M.L. (1979) Decapod Crustacea: Alpheoidea. Campagnes de la Calypso au large des côtes Atlantiques de l’Amérique du Sud (1961–1962). I. Résultats Scientifiques de la Campagne de la Calypso, 11, 297–377.

    Christoffersen, M.L. (1998) Malacostraca. Eucarida. Caridea. Crangonoidea and Alpheoidea (Except Glyphocrangonidae and Crangonidae). In: Young, P.S. (Ed.), Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 6, pp. 351–372.

    Coelho, P.A., Ramos-Porto, M. & Calado, T.C.S. (1983) Litoral de Alagoas e Sergipe: Decapoda. Anais da Sociedade Nordestina de Zoologia, 1, 133–155.

    Coelho, P.A., Almeida, A.O., Souza-Filho, J.F., Bezerra, L.E.A. & Giraldes, B.W. (2006) Diversity and distribution of the marine and estuarine shrimps (Dendrobranchiata, Stenopodidea and Caridea) from North and Northeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 1221, 41–62.

    Coelho, P.A. & Ramos, M.A. (1972) A constituição e a distribuição da fauna de decápodos do litoral leste da América do Sul entre as latitudes de 5ºN e 39ºS. Trabalhos do Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 13, 133–236.

    Coelho Filho, P.A. (2006) Checklist of the decapods (Crustacea) from the outer continental shelf and seamounts from Northeast of Brazil—REVIZEE Program (NE III). Zootaxa, 1184, 1–27.

    Coimbra, J.C. & Carreño, A.L. (2012) Richness and palaeo-zoogeographical significance of the benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the oceanic island of Trindade and Rocas Atoll, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 15, 189–202.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/rbp.2012.2.07

    Coimbra, J.C., Ghilardi, V.G., Casetta, G.M. & Bergue, C.T. (2009) Capítulo 5. Ostracodes (Crustacea; Podocopida) da Ilha da Trindade e do Atol das Rocas, Brasil. In: Mohr, L.V., Castro, J.W.A., Costa P.M.S & Alves, R.J.V. (Eds.), Ilhas oceânicas brasileiras: da pesquisa ao manejo. Vol. II. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Mamíferos Aquáticos, pp. 125–141.

    Colling, A. (2001) Ocean circulation. 2nd Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 286 pp.

    Coutière, H. (1897) Note sur quelques genres nouveaux ou peu connus d’Alphéidés, formant la sous-famille des Alpheopsidés. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 2, 380–386.

    Coutière, H. (1899) Les “Alpheidae”, morphologie externe et interne, forms larvaires, bionomie. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Série 8, 9, 1–560, pls. 1–6. Masson, Paris.

    Coutière, H. (1902) Sur quelques espèces nouvelles du genre Automate de Man. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 8, 337–342.

    Coutière, H. (1903) Note sur quelques Alpheidæ des Maldives et Laquedives. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, Série 9, 5, 72–90.

    Coutière, H. (1905) Les Alpheidae. In: Gardiner, J.S. (Ed.), The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 2, pp. 852–921, pls. 70–87.

    Coutière, H. (1908) Sur quelques nouvelles espèces d’Alpheidæ. Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, Série 9, 10, 191–216.

    Coutière, H. (1909) The American species of snapping shrimps of the genus Synalpheus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 36, 1–93.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.36-1659.1

    Crosnier, A. & Forest, J. (1965) Note préliminaire sur les Alpheidae recueillis par la Calypso dans l’Atlantique oriental tropical (Crustacea Decapoda Natantia). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Série 2, 36, 602–610.

    Crosnier, A. & Forest, J. (1966) Crustacés décapodes: Alpheidae. Campagnes de la Calypso dans le Golfe de Guinée et aux Iles Principe, São Tomé et Annobon (1956), et Campagne aux Iles du Cap Vert (1959). Part 19: Résultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la Calypso 7 (27). Annales de l’Institut Océanographique de Monaco, 44, 199–314.

    Cunha, A.M., Soledade, G.O., Boos, H. & Almeida, A.O. (2015) Snapping shrimps of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 (Caridea: Alpheidae) from Brazil: range extensions and filling distribution gaps. Nauplius, 23, 47–52.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-64972015002305

    Dardeau, M. (1984) Synalpheus shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). I. The gambarelloides group, with a description of a new species. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises, 7, 1–125.

    De Grave S. & Anker, A. (2008) Leptathanas powelli gen. nov., sp. nov, a new infaunal alpheid shrimp associated with upogebiid mudshrimps in Nigeria (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zootaxa, 1750, 43–52.

    De Grave, S. & Fransen, C.H.J.M. (2011) Carideorum catalogus: the recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologische Mededelingen, 89, 195–589.

    De Grave, S., Anker, A., Dworschak, P.C., Clark, P.F. & Wirtz, P. (2014) An updated checklist of the marine Decapoda of Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, CJO2014, 1–12.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414001295

    Di Salvo L., Randall, J.E. & Cea, A. (1988) Ecological reconnaissance of the Easter Island sublittoral marine environment. National Geographic Research, 4, 451–473.

    Duffy, J.E. (1998) On the frequency of eusociality in snapping shrimps (Decapoda: Alpheidae), with description of a second eusocial species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 63, 387–400.

    Dworschak, P.C., Anker, A. & Abed-Navandi, D. (2000) A new genus and three new species of alpheids (Decapoda: Caridea) associated with thalassinids. Die Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 102B, 301–320.

    Edwards, A. & Lubbock, R. (1983) Marine zoogeography of St Paul’s Rocks. Journal of Biogeography, 10, 65–72.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2844583

    Fabricius, J.C. (1798) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft et Storch, Hafniae, 572 pp.

    Fausto-Filho, J. (1974) Stomatopod and decapod crustaceans of the Archipelago of Fernando do Noronha, Northeast Brazil. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, 14, 1–35.

    Fausto-Filho, J. (1975) Quinta contribuição ao inventário dos crustáceos decápodos marinhos do nordeste brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, 15, 79–84.

    Fausto-Filho, J. (1980) Crustáceos estomatópodos e decápodos dos substratos de cascalho do nordeste brasileiro. Ciência Agronômica, 10, 109–124.

    Ferreira, R.S., Vieira, R.R.R. & D’Incao, F. (2010) The marine and estuarine shrimps of the Palaemoninae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2606, 1–24.

    Fransen, C.H.J.M. (2002) Taxonomy, phylogeny, historical biogeography, and historical ecology of the genus Pontonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 336, 1–433, pls. 1–19.

    Gasparini, J.L. & Floeter, S.R. (2001) The shore fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. Journal of Natural History, 35, 1639–1656.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002229301317092379

    Gibbes, L.R. (1850) On the carcinological collections of the cabinets of natural history in the United States: with an enumeration of the species contained therein and descriptions of new species. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 3, 167–201.

    Gore, R.H. (1981) Three new shrimps, and some interesting new records of decapod Crustacea from a deep-water coral reef in the Florida Keys. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94, 135–162.

    Guille, A. & Ramos, J.M. (1987) Les rapports des campagnes à la mer. MD 55/ Brésil à bord du “Marion Dufresne”, 6 mai2 juin 1987. Instaprint, La Riche, 198 pp. [Technical Report; 87–03]

    Hailstone, S. (1835) Notices of another species of Pontóphilus, and of a crustacean allied to the genus Hippólyte. The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology, 8, 270–273.

    Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T. & Ryan, P.D. (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Paleontologia Electronica, 4 (1), 1–9. Avaliable from: http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm (Accessed 12 Jul. 2016)

    Hay, W.P. (1917) Preliminary descriptions of five new species of crustaceans from the coast of North Carolina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30, 71–74.

    Hay, W.P. & Shore, C.A. (1918) The decapod crustaceans of Beaufort, N. C., and the surrounding region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 35, 369–475.

    Hayashi, K.I. (1996) Prawns, shrimps and lobsters from Japan (90). Family Alpheidae–genera Metalpheus, Batella, and Nennalpheus. Aquabiology, 106 (18), 381–385.

    Hayashi, K.I. (1998) Prawns, shrimps and lobsters from Japan (98). Family Alpheidae—genus Alpheus, Series 7, Aquabiology, 114 (20), 43–47.

    Hendrix, G.Y. (1971) A systematic study of the genus Alpheus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) in South Florida. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 184 pp., 24 pls.

    Holdgate, M.W. (1960) The fauna of the mid-Atlantic islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 152, 550–567.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0065

    Holthuis, L.B. (1951) The caridean Crustacea of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report, 2, 7–187.

    Holthuis, L.B. (1952) Crustacés décapodes, macroures. Expédition Océanographique Belge dans les eaux côtières africaines de l’Atlantique du Sud (1948-1949), Résultats Scientifiques, 3 (fasc. 2), 1–88.

    Holthuis, L.B. (1955) The recent genera of the caridean and stenopodidean shrimps (class Crustacea, order Decapoda, supersection Natantia) with keys for their determination. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 26, 1–157.

    Holthuis, L.B., Edwards, A.J. & Lubbock, H.R. (1980) The decapod and stomatopod Crustacea of St Paul’s Rock. Zoologische Mededelingen, 56, 27–51.

    Hultgren, K.M. & Duffy, J.E. (2011) Multi-locus phylogeny of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp (Caridea: Alpheidae: Synalpheus) supports morphology-based species concepts. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 31, 352–360.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/10-3382.1

    Hultgren, K.M., Hurt, C. & Anker, A. (2014) Phylogenetic relationships within the snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 77, 116–125.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.008

    Hurt, C., Silliman, K., Anker, A. & Knowlton, N. (2013) Ecological speciation in anemone-associated snapping shrimps (Alpheus armatus species complex). Molecular Ecology, 22, 4532–4548.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12398

    Johnson, D.S. (1976) Prawns of the Malacca Straits and Singapore waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 18, 1–54.

    Kassuga, A.D., Diele, K. & Hostim-Silva, M. (2015) New records of the striped cleaner shrimp Lysmata grabhami (Gordon, 1935) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic. Brazilian Journal of Zoology, 75, 936–939.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.03014

    Kim, W. & Abele, L.G. (1988) The snapping shrimp genus Alpheus from the eastern Pacific (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 454, i–iv, 1–119.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.454

    Kingsley, J.S. (1880) On a collection of Crustacea from Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida, with a revision of the genera of Crangonidae and Palaemonidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 31, 383–427.

    Kingsley, J.S. (1883) Carcinological Notes; Number V. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, 14, 105–132, pls. 1, 2.

    Knowlton, N. & Keller, B.D. (1983) A new, sibling species of snapping shrimp associated with the Caribbean sea anemone Bartholomea annulata. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33, 353–362.

    Knowlton, N. & Keller, B.D. (1985) Two more sibling species of alpheid shrimp associated with the Caribbean sea anemones Bartholomea annulata and Heteractis lucida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 37, 893–904.

    Krau, L. (1952) Sobre uma nova espécie de echinoidea Clypeaster oliveirai (ordem Clypeastroida). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 50, 703–712.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761952000100023

    Oliveira, L.P.H. (1951) Nota prévia sobre a fauna e flora marinha bentônica da Ilha da Trindade. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 49, 443–456.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761951000100005

    Lee, D.C., Halliday, A., Fitton, J. & Poli, G. (1994) Isotopic variations with distances and time in the volcanic islands of the Cameroon Line: evidence for a mantle plume origin. Earth Planet Science Letters, 123, 119–138.

    Lemaitre, R. (1984) Decapod crustaceans from Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas, with notes on their zoogeographic affinities. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 4, 425–447.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1548042

    Macdonald, K.S. III and Duffy, J.E. (2006) Two new species of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp from the Belizean Barrier Reef, with a synopsis of the Synalpheus brooksi species complex. American Museum Novitates, 3543, 1–22.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3543[1:TNSOSS]2.0.CO;2

    Macdonald, K.S.III., Hultgren, K.M. & Duffy, J.E. (2009) The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 2199, 1–57.

    Man, J.G. de (1888) Bericht über die von Herrn Dr. J. Brock im Indischen Archipel gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 53, 215–600, pls. 7–22a.

    Man, J.G. de (1910) Diagnoses of new species of macrurous decapod Crustacea from the “Siboga-Expedition”. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, II, 11, 287–319.

    Man, J.G. de (1911) The Decapoda of the Siboga-Expedition, II: Family Alpheidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 39, a1 (2), 133–465 [(1915) Supplement—explanations of plates of Alpheidae, pls. 1–23. E.J. Brill, Leiden]

    Manning, R.B. & Chace, F.A. Jr. (1990) Decapod and stomatopod Crustacea from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 503, i–v, 1–91.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.503

    Martínez-Iglesias, J.C. (1986) Los crustáceos decápodos del Golfo de Batabanó. Caridea y Penaeidea. Poeyana, 321, 1–37.

    Martínez-Iglesias, J.C. & Carvacho, A. (1991) Les crevettes carides de Cuba. I. Prionalpheus gomezi n. sp. (Decapoda, Alpheidae), premier Prionalpheus pour l’Océan Atlantique. Crustaceana, 60, 84–89.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854091X00281

    Martínez-Iglesias, J.C., Ríos, R. & Carvacho, A. (1997) Las especies del género Alpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae) de Cuba. Revista de Biología Tropical, 44/45, 401–429.

    McClure, M.R. (2005) Alpheidae. In: Hernández Aguilera, J.L., Ruiz Nuño, J.A., Toral Almazán, R.E. & Arenas Fuentes, V. (Eds.), Camarones, langostas y cangrejos de la costa este de México. Vol. 1. Estudio y Conservación de la Naturaleza, A.C. y CONABIO, Mexico, pp. 119–202.

    Miers, E.J. (1881) On a collection of Crustacea made by Baron Hermann-Maltzan at Goree Island, Senegambia. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 8, 204–220, 259–281, 364–377, pls. 13–16.

    Milne-Edwards, A. (1878) Description de quelques espèces nouvelles de crustacés provenant du voyage aux îles du Cap Vert de MM. Bouvier et Cessac. Bulletin de la Société Philomatique de Paris, Série 7, 2, 225–232.

    Mitchell-Thomé, R. (1972). Outline of the geology of the Cape Verde Archipelago. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 61 (3), 1087–1109.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01820907

    Miya, Y. (1983) Alpheopsis aequalis Coutière, 1896, a species new to Japan, with remarks on its mouthparts (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae). Bulletin of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Nagasaki University, Natural Science, 23, 17–21.

    Moraes, F.C. de (2011) Esponjas das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 44, 252 pp.

    Motoki, A. & Motoki, K.F. (2013) Gravimetric structure and growth history of the volcanic seamounts of the Vitória-Trindade Chain, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, based on the satellite-derived data. Thirteenth International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society, Rio de Janeiro, 26–29 August 2013, pp. 1–6.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2013-350

    Muss, A., Ross Robertson, D., Stepien, C.A., Wirtz, P. & Bowen, B.W. (2001) Phylogeography of Ophioblennius: the role of ocean currents and geography in reef fish evolution. Evolution, 55, 561–572.

    Nardo, D. (1847) Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell’opera intitolata: descrizione de’ crostacei, de’ testacei e de’ pesci che abitano le Lagune e Golfo Veneto, rappresentati in figure, a chiaroscuro ed a colori dall’ Abate Stefano Chiereghini Ven. Clodiense applicata per commissione governativa. Nell' I.R.priv.stabilimento Antonelli, Venice, xi + 127 pp.

    Nielson, D.L. & Sibbet, B.S. (1996) Geology of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Geothermics, 25, 427–448.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(96)00018-1

    Nomura, K. & Anker, A. (2001) A redescription of Parabetaeus Coutière and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43–54.

    Oliveira, L.P.H. (1951) Nita prévia sobre a fauna e flora marinha bentônica da Ilha da Trindade. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 49, 443–456.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761951000100005

    Oliveira, M.V., Santos, P.S. & Almeida, A.O. (2015) First record of the sponge-dwelling shrimp Synalpheus dardeaui (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) in the south-western Atlantic. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e51), 1–4.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755267215000251

    Peña-Izquierdo J., Pelegrí, J.L., Pastor, M.V., Castellanos, P., Emelianov, M., Gasser, M., Salvador, J. & Vázquez-Domínguez, E. (2012) The continental slope current system between Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Scientia Marina, 76, 65–78.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03607.18C

    Pequegnat, L.H. & Heard, R.W. (1979) Synalpheus agelas, new species of snapping shrimp from the Gulf of Mexico and Bahama Islands (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 29, 110–116.

    Pequegnat, L.H. & Ray, J.P. (1974) Crustacea and other arthropods. In: Bright, T.J. & Pequegnat, L.H. (Eds.), Biota of the West Flower Garden Bank, Gulf Publishers Co., Houston, Texas, pp. 232–261.

    Pereira-Filho, G.H., Amado-Filho, G.M., Guimarães, S.M.P.B., Moura, R.L., Sumida, P.Y.G., Abrantes, D.P., Bahia, R.G., Güth, A.Z., Jorge, R.R., & Francini Filho, R.B. (2011) Reef fish and benthic assemblages of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Island group, southwestern Atlantic. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 59, 201–212.

    Philander, S.G. (2001) Atlantic Ocean equatorial currents. In: Steele J.H., Thorpe S.A., Turekian, K.K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences. 1st Edtion. Academic, New York, pp. 188–199.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0361

    Pinheiro, H.T. & Gasparini, J.L. (2009) Capítulo 6. Peixes recifais do complexo insular oceânico Trindade-Martin Vaz: novas ocorrências, atividades de pesca, mortandade natural e conservação. In: Mohr, L.V., Castro, J.W.A., Costa P.M.S & Alves, R.J.V. (Eds.), Ilhas oceânicas brasileiras: da pesquisa ao manejo. Vol. II. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Mamíferos Aquáticos, pp. 143–161.

    Pinheiro, H.T., Camilato, V., Gasparini, J.L. & Joyeux, J.C. (2009) New records of fishes for Trindade-Martin Vaz oceanic insular complex, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2298, 45–54.

    Pinheiro, H.T., Mazzei, E., Moura, R.L., Amado-Filho, G.M., Carvalho-Filho, A., Braga, A.C., Costa, P.A.S., Ferreira, B.P., Ferreira, C.E.L., Floeter, S.R., Francini-Filho, R.B., Gasparini, J.L., Macieira, R.M., Martins, A.S., Olavo, G., Pimentel, C.R., Rocha, L.A., Sazima, I., Simon, T., Teixeira, J.B., Xavier, L.B. & Joyeux, J.C. (2015) Fish biodiversity of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, southwestern Atlantic: an updated database. PLoS ONE, 10 (e0118180), 1–17.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118180

    Pocock, R.I. (1890) Crustacea. In: Ridley, H.N. (Ed.), Notes on the zoology of Fernando Noronha. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 20, 506–526.

    Podestá, G.P., Brown, O.B. & Evans, R.H. (1991) The annual cycle of satellite-derived sea surface temperature in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Climate, 4, 457–467.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004%3C0457:TACOSD%3E2.0.CO;2

    Ramalho. R.A.S. (2001) Building the Cape Verde Islands. Springer Theses, Springer, Berlin, 206 pp.

    Ramos-Porto, M. (1979) Ocorrência de Alpheus macrocheles (Hailstone) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) no norte e nordeste do Brasil. Trabalhos Oceanograficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 14, 117–130.

    Ramos-Porto, M. & Coelho, P.A. (1998) Malacostraca. Eucarida. Caridea. In: Young, P. S. (Ed.), Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 6, pp. 325–350.

    Rathbun, M.J. (1900) Results of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. I. The decapod and stomatopod Crustacea. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 2, 13–156, pl. 8.

    Rathbun, M.J. (1901) The Brachyura and Macrura of Porto Rico. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 20, 1–127.

    Ray, J.P. (1974) A study of the coral reef crustaceans (Decapoda and Stomatopoda) of two Gulf of Mexico reef systems: West Flower Garden, Texas and Isla de lobos, Veracruz, Mexico. PhD Dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 323 pp. [not seen]

    Reed, J.K., Gore, R.H., Scotto, L.E. & Wilson, K.A. (1982) Community composition, structure, areal and trophic relationships of decapods associated with shallow-and deep-water Oculina varicosa coral reefs. Studies on decapod crustacea from the Indian River Region of Florida, XXIV. Bulletin of Marine Science, 32, 761–786.

    Ríos, R. & Duffy, J.E. (2007) A review of the sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, with description of Zuzalpheus, new genus, and six new species. Zootaxa, 1602, 1–89.

    Rocha, L., Ross Robertson, D., Rocha, C.R., van Tassel, J.L., Craig, M.T. & Bowens, B.W. (2005) Recent invasion of the tropical Atlantic by an Indo-Pacific coral reef fish. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3921–3928.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02698.x

    Rodríguez, B. (1986) Los camarónes (Crustacea; Decapoda; Natantia) del Parque Nacional Archipiélago de los Roques. Trabajo especial de grado para optar al título de Licenciado en Biología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 350 pp.

    Sampaio, C.L.S., Carvalho-Filho, A., Ferreira, C.E.L., Feitoza, B.M. & Floeter, S.R. (2009) Guia de identificação ilustrado das espécies de peixes endêmicas e ameaçadas das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras e do banco dos Abrolhos. Capítulo 7. In: Mohr, L.V., Castro, J.W.A., Costa P.M.S & Alves, R.J.V. (Eds.), Ilhas oceânicas brasileiras: da pesquisa ao manejo. Vol. II. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Mamíferos Aquáticos, pp. 163–198.

    Santos, P.S., Soledade, G.O. & Almeida, A.O. (2012) Decapod crustaceans on dead coral from reef areas on the coast of Bahia, Brazil. Nauplius, 20, 145–169.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-64972012000200007

    Schmitt, W.L. (1924) Report on Macrura, Anomura and Stomatopoda collected by the Barbados-Antigua Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918. Studies of Natural History, Iowa University, 10, 65–99, pls. 1–5.

    Schmitt, W.L. (1935) Crustacea Macrura and Anomura of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. New York Academy of Sciences Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 15, 125–227.

    Schmitt, W.L. (1936) Macruran and anomuran Crustacea from Bonaire, Curaçao and Aruba. Number 16 in Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Bonaire, Curaçao und Aruba im Jahre 1930. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Oekologie und Geographie der Tiere, 67, 363–378, pls. 11–13.

    Serejo, C.S., Cardoso, I.A., Tavares, C.R., Abreu Jr., C.R., Amâncio, I.C. & Senna, A.R. (2007) Filo Arthropoda: Subfilo Crustacea. In: Lavrado, H. & Viana, M.S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da região central da Zona Econômica Exclusiva Brasileira, Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 25, pp. 165–214.

    Serejo, C., Young, P.S., Cardoso, I., Tavares, C.R. & Abreu, C.R. Jr. (2006) Filo Arthropoda, Subfilo Crustacea. In: Lavrado, H.P. & Ignacio, B.L. (Eds.), Biodiversidade bentônica da região central da Zona Econômica Exclusiva Brasileira. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 18, pp. 299–337.

    Simon, T., Macieira, R.M. & Joyeux, J.C. (2011) The shore fishes of the Trindade–Martin Vaz insular complex: an update. Journal of Fish Biology, 82, 2113–2127.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12126

    Soledade, G.O. & Almeida, A.O. (2013) Snapping shrimps of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 from Brazil (Caridea: Alpheidae): updated checklist and key for identification. Nauplius, 21, 89–122.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-64972013000100010

    Soledade, G.O., Fonseca, M.S. & Almeida, A.O. (2015) Shallow-water stenopodidean and caridean shrimps from Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil: new records and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 3905 (1), 52–68.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3905.1.3

    Souza, J.A.F., Schwamborn, R., Barreto, A.V., Farias, I.D., Fernandes, L.M.G. & Coelho, P.A. (2011) Marine and estuarine shrimps (Dendrobranchiata, Stenopodidea, and Caridea), of Pernambuco state (Brazil) and northeastern Brazilian oceanic islands. Atlântica, 33, 33–63.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5088/atl.2011.33.1.33

    Spence Bate, C. (1888) Report on the Crustacea Macrura dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. The voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology, 24, i–xi, 1–942, pls. 1–157 (separate volume). Eyre & Spottiswoode, London.

    Sterrer, W. (1986) Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda. A systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. Wiley Interscience, New York, 742 pp.

    Stramma, L., Ikeda, Y. & Peterson, R.G. (1990) Geostrophic transport in the Brazil Current region north of 20°S. Deep-Sea Research, 37, 1875–1886.

    Stramma, L. (2001) Current systems in the Atlantic Ocean. In: Steele, J.H., Thorpe, S.A. & Turekian, K.K. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. 1st Edition. Academic Press, New York, pp. 589–598.

    Tavares, M. (1999) The cruise of the Marion Dufresne off the Brazilian coast: account of the scientific results and list of stations. Zoosystema, 21, 597–605.

    Tiwari, K.K. (1964) Diagnosis of two new species of alpheid shrimps from Vietnam (Indo-China). Crustaceana, 7, 313–315.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854064X00515

    Vannucci, M. (1951) Resultados científicos do cruzeiro do “Baependi” e do “Vega” à Ilha da Trindade–o gênero Firoloida, Prosobranchia Heteropoda. Boletim do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia, 2, 73–93.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-42391951000200004

    Vannucci, M. & Hosoe, K. (1952) Resultados cientificos do cruzeiro do “Baependi” e do “Vega” à I. da Trindade. Chaetognatha. Boletim do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia, 3, 5–30, pls. 1–4.

    Verrill, A.E. (1922) Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda Part II, Macrura. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 26, 1–179, pls. 1–47.

    Whittaker, R.J., Rigal, F., Borges, P.A.V., Cardoso, P., Terzopoulou, S., Casanoves, F., Guilhaumon, F., Ladle, R.J. & Triantis, K.A. (2014) Functional biogeography of oceanic islands and the scaling of functional diversity in the Azores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 13709–13714.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218036111

    Wicksten, M.K. (1983) A monograph on the shallow water caridean shrimps of the Gulf of California, México. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 13, 1–59.

    Wicksten, M.K. (1992) A new species of Alpheopsis (Decapoda, Alpheidae) from the tropical eastern Pacific, with a key to the species of Alpheopsis of the Americas. Crustaceana, 63, 51–56.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854092X00271

    Wicksten, M.K. & Hendrickx, M.E. (2003) An updated checklist of benthic marine and brackish water shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeoidea, Stenopodidea, Caridea) from the eastern tropical Pacific. In: Hendrickx, M.E. (Ed.), Contributions to the study of East Pacific crustaceans. Vol. 2. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, México, pp. 49–76.

    Wicksten, M.K. & McClure, M.R. (2003) A new species of Alpheus (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Gulf of Mexico. Crustacean Research, 32, 26–31.

    Williams, A.B. (1984) Shrimps, lobsters, and crabs of the Atlantic Coast of the eastern United States, Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 550 pp.

    Williams, A.B. (1988) Notes on decapod and euphausiid crustaceans, continental margin, western Atlantic, Georges Bank to western Florida, USA. Fishery Bulletin, 86, 67–76.

    Williams, S.T., Knowlton, N., Weigt, L.A. & Jara, J.A. (2001) Evidence for three major clades within the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 375–389.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.0976

    Windley, B.F. (1984) The evolving continents. 2nd Edition. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 399 pp.

    Zimmer, C. (1913) Westindische Decapoden. 1. Die Familie Alpheidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 3 (Supplement 11), 381–412.